Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The text has the purpose, on the one hand, to document the perspective of the Mayangnas artisan women on the tuno as to the ancestral and utilitarian use that they have made of the tunidor in the treatment of the bark of the tree of tuno. And on the other hand, to testify the collective ownership of the cloth of the tunu by the indigenous cultures that inhabit the frontier zones between Nicaragua and Honduras. In such a way that the patent process is always an option attributable only to these peoples

The population of East Asia has consumed jellyfish for more than a thousand years. For a long time, China has been the main supplier and consumer. Economic and environmental forces are pushing this market out of China and into societies that have no tradition of capture or consumption of jellyfish. The research, conducted around the communities of Bilwi and Tuapí in the autonomous region of northern Nicaragua, reports the emergence of a jellyfish production industry along the Miskito coast in Nicaragua, which appears to have a significant impact on the local society and economy. This is generating employment opportunities for Miskito men, different from scuba diving, to catch lobsters, a dangerous and often deadly occupation.

This research shows us how the transmission of the botanical knowledge of pre-Hispanic societies to Europe has allowed the integration of the American pharmacopoeia to the general dynamics of scientific knowledge at the medical, cosmographic, astronomical and technical levels. This has been possible from the chronicles of the Indies and through the development of a process of overcoming the serious Eurocentric limitations of the historical study of medicine. The data collected by the author show the enormous importance of the subject of American nature and the contribution of this to the epistemology of medical science. This revelation generated a broad and at the same time descriptive and interpretative process by the Europeans since the beginning of the sixteenth century.

The richness of our flora impressed the conquerors. As the author of this article affirms, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo is the chronicler with the best reference on the natural aspects of our indigenous ancestors in the sixteenth century. Hence his interest in presenting to our readers descriptions of flora that Oviedo made of the domesticated plant species of the sixteenth century in our region and their respective correlations with scientific data and traditional information.

The Sihkru Tara is a bi-national festive rite that is shared annually by the Miskito populations of Nicaragua and Honduras. They do this to celebrate and strengthen their indigenous identity in a cultural exchange between generations; also to communicate with the spirits of the ancestors, to generate closeness and solidarity, and to analyze the threats that, as a people, they face today. The author of this article records all this through a chronicle also illuminated by the flash of her camera during the five days that this event lasted at the end of last year.

The present article will develop a quantitative research on the insertion within the labor field of people with cognitive functional diversity. The objective was to recognize the employment situation of people with cognitive functional diversity in Naranjo de Alajuela, from the perspective of two experts in care and work with people with cognitive functional diversity, and three people with cognitive functional diversity. Within the results it was found that these people do not perceive the support or the necessary opportunities to work, both on the part of recruiters and heads, as well as on behalf of relatives. On the other hand experts mention that the laws that protect these people are not fulfilled as they should be since they are not perceived the same for all people, because each boss applies it according to their convenience. Laws for the inclusion of people with disabilities or diversity are better suited for people with physical diversity and not so much for cognitive diversities. Key Words: Diversity, cognitive functional diversity, labor insertion, laws.

Resumen   La noción de vulnerabilidad como algo intrínseco a una persona o a una población y que apunta a condiciones deficitarias, ha venido siendo desplazada por una concepción más dinámica y menos reduccionista, aquélla que en vez de hablar de vulnerabilidad como una condición atribuible al sujeto o al colectivo enfoca el tema más en términos de procesos de vulnerabilización.  Desde esta perspectiva, en este artículo se analizan precisamente las vulnerabilidades emergentes que surgen en procesos de relocalización de personas que se vieron forzadas a dejar su comunidad como resultado de la declaración de inhabitabilidad provocada por lo riegos a que estaban expuestas por las erupciones del volcán Chaitén en Chile.  Con este propósito, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a personas de la comunidad de Chaitén relocalizadas en Futaleufú y mediante un análisis de contenido se identificaron cuatro dimensiones emergentes de vulnerabilidad: ruptura del tejido social, cambios en las condiciones de vida, cambios en las condiciones de salud y desinformación.  A partir de estos hallazgos se analiza también el rol del Estado en la atención de esta emergencia, identificándose un “vacío psicosocial” significativo en el abordaje integral de la intervención con estas personas desplazadas de manera forzada de su territorio, por la prevalencia en este caso de un enfoque “emergencista”  cuya  atención se centra en apoyo material y económico dejándose de lado la atención de los aspectos psicosociales.                                                            

The great interest that emerged from the study of the Study Engagement, due to its connection with the achievement and the abandonment of university studies, has resulted in the existence of prolific research and different approaches. The objective of this work is to analyze the conceptual and methodological differences between the approaches to this phenomenon. An essay is carried out that analyzes the main lines of work, theories, concepts and their explanatory models, as well as the potential effects on their development. It concludes the possibility that, the conception of the Study Engagement operates from a top-down approach where the scientific construction of the theory, theoretical models and concepts affect the daily practice, the meanings and frameworks of functioning in education. The predominant conceptualizations about the Academic Commitment could be favoring a passive role of the student, in addition to increasing the responsibility of the educational systems on the production of environments that can favor it.

En el presente artículo se establece un vínculo entre ideología y constitución de la subjetividad, en función de la estructura social, lo simbólico, lo subjetivo y lo inconsciente como partes integrales de la realidad humana. Se impone aquí, una mirada más allá del ejercicio del poder –consustancial a los dominios ideológicos– que clásicamente ha sido estudiado por las ciencias sociales y particularmente por la sociología. La ideología es interpelada en este trabajo, a partir de la dimensión del deseo, el cual emerge en el lugar donde se fisura la estructura social y se quiebra su tiranía normativa en razón de su incapacidad de dar respuesta a una demanda subjetiva-instintiva imposible. Se propone dicha carencia perenne, como el origen del movimiento y del cambio social. Se plantea que las ideologías devienen como una suerte de formación de compromiso entre un deseo innombrado y la imposibilidad de su realización, a manera de un cumplimiento sustitutivo que siempre queda en deuda.

In the present article the reports of the University Community Work carried out during the year 2018 in promotion of the Costa Rican mental health, in order to disclose work done in health spaces as part of the university social action (UCR), are exposed as an essay. As an introduction, it presents a review of the theoretical framework that supports mental health promotion and prevention, the context of the national health system and the description of the TCU-505. The essay presents the main ideas about the work carried out in the different institutional and extra-institutional spaces. Finally, it is concluded the importance of: (1) Encouraging support networks in health work, (2) Carrying out an articulated planning to the particular conditions of the target population, (3) The broad demand national in mental health and (4) The application of a bio-psycho-social (interdisciplinary) approach in order to promote integral health.