Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The main objective of this paper is to characterize the part artificial intelligence systems play in moderating user generated content on YouTube, it’s problems and political impacts particularly on the matter of protection of individual rights. This research used process tracing methods based on the gathering and analysis of qualitative data to establish causal relations and to understand how the platform moderates content. A total of 79 documents were analyzed, between notes and information publicized by the platform’s corporate blog, documents describing content moderation policies and the company’s transparency reports. Results indicate there is a growing centralization of artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of moderating content, turning human moderation into a device of the automated system. This has generated substantial increases in the number of potentially harmful contents removed and causes, on the other hand, side effects such as the increase of individual rights violations by the platform. Opacity; aggravation of the scaling problem; moderation guided by commercial principles; failure to grasp context; fragility in participation processes and accountability are other problems also identified

With strong expectations of gradual and transformative contributions to democracies around the world, the development of cyberspace and of network communication, was seen from the beginning as the great pro-democracy potential throughout the world. On the other hand, they were also common from the beginning, and have been gaining strength, the contrary positions that see in the development of the "global computer network" a growth and strengthening of values aligned with the neoliberal order, in which the principles democratic lose space or are despised in favor of capital. From the systematic review of the literature, we confront the reflections related to network technology in contemporary times with aspects related to democracy, the exercise of citizenship and the concentration of media and unidirectional flows of information and communication. After inserting network technology in the context of democracy and citizenship, we situate the elements that directly interfere with citizen practices in the digital environment: surveillance capitalism, algorithms, disinformation and the use of civic applications and social networks on mobile devices for the exercise of digital citizenship. The results suggest that current colonizing practices are echoed in historical practices related to communication and that without profound changes in the social order, new technological environments are ineffective instruments for the solution of historical communicational problems

The use of online social media platforms as a communication strategy during the presidential administration resulted in a significant number of studies exploring its various aspects and applications. Despite this, research on the production and archiving of content produced by the president in these virtual environments, from the perspective of Information Science and Archival Science, is still limited. The objective is to research the state of the art of institutional policies for archiving presidential communications on social networks in Brazil. was researched on the use of platforms by the head of the nation, with reflections on the importance of these informational resources as primary sources of information. the use of Twitter and YouTube platforms, by President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, was identified and researched on policies for archiving communications in Brazil. Presidential social networks offer extraordinary potential for investigation, allowing us to establish new perspectives on events, analyze facts and contexts with greater clarity. The study indicates that exclusive content was produced for the platforms throughout the term. These gift records, produced by the president, have become irreplaceable documents as a source of evidence and information. And, in the future, this digital legacy should be part of both the personal memory of the head of the nation and the social and collective memory. However, there are indications of the chaotic stage in which Brazil finds itself, and of the risks of posts being deleted or lost, given the absence of specific schedules, policies and standards aimed at capturing, archiving and preserving presidential communications on social networks

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to the world and has highlighted informational problems, such as the huge amount of content circulating on the internet and misinformation. In addition, the Brazilian scenario also experienced the strong impact resulting from the politicization of the health crisis. In this context, the article presents research on information practices in relation to the pandemic, within the scope of online social networks. To this end, Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted in order to understand the way in which content about the pandemic, especially the positions defended by the federal government, were seized and passed on by users on Facebook. The results showed extensive circulation of disinformation content and political polarization of Internet users

Agradecimentos

Introducción: la COVID-19 constituye una emergencia para la salud pública debido a la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad que provoca en los seres humanos, unido a significativas repercusiones económicas y psicosociales.Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes confirmados con COVID-19, pertenecientes al área de salud del policlínico Jimmy Hirzel de Bayamo, provincia Granma, Cuba, durante el periodo enero-abril 2021.Métodos: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal, que incluyó a 701 pacientes confirmados con COVID-19, del área de salud del policlínico Jimmy Hirzel de Bayamo, provincia Granma, durante enero-abril de 2021. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, zona de residencia, fuente de infección, sintomatología y comorbilidades. Los datos se obtuvieron de las encuestas epidemiológicas COVID-19, y para su análisis se empleó la estadística descriptiva.Resultados: en el cuatrimestre enero-abril de 2021, se diagnosticaron 701 casos de COVID-19 en el área del policlínico Jimmy Hirzel. Predominaron los pacientes del grupo de edad de 40 a 59 años (38%), del sexo femenino (52.8%), y los procedentes de zonas urbanas. El 99.1% tuvo como fuente de infección la autóctona, el 69.5% presentó sintomatología de la enfermedad, con mayor clínica respiratoria y fiebre; el 47.3% presentaba comorbilidades, destacando la Hipertensión arterial. Ningún paciente falleció.Conclusiones: en el área de salud investigada predominaron los enfermos con COVID-19 adultos, del sexo femenino, procedentes de zonas urbanas, con fuente de trasmisión autóctona, sintomáticos y sin comorbilidades. No se registraron fallecimientos.

In the current study of cardiac pathologies, psychological factors are increasingly considered due to the relevant role they have in the evolution of these diseases. The objective of this work was to determine the main protective and destabilizing psychological factors that manifest themselves in patients with ischemic heart disease. To this end, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with ischemic heart disease treated in the cardiology service of the "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Clinical Surgical Hospital, in the municipality of Manzanillo, in the period October-December 2019. The universe consisted of 60 patients with ischemic heart disease. In the study, 78.33% of the patients were over 60 years old, 40 patients were men and 75% belonged to the urban area.  The main protective psychological factors present were social support reported by all participants and therapeutic compliance in 91.67% of the studied population.  Among the destabilizing psychological factors, the one with the highest report was the anxiety present in 66.66% of the patients included in the study. Both the protective psychological factors must be taken into account in order to enhance them and generate a better general condition of the patient, as well as the destabilizing psychological factors that generate decompensation and must be addressed with intentionality once identified.

Introducción: la introducción fortuita de un cuerpo extraño en las vías respiratorias es un accidente dramático que puede provocar complicaciones, aunque raro en los adultos, y sobre todo su presentación tardía, y en bronquio izquierdo.Caso clínico: se reporta el caso de un paciente de 71 años con un cuerpo extraño de presentación tardía en bronquiotronco izquierdo, que consultó por un cuadro de sepsis respiratoria, sin otros síntomas asociados, cuatro meses posteriores a referir haberse tragado un hueso de pollo, ocasión ésta en que el examen físico y los estudios radiológicos fueron negativos. Se realizó estudio con TAC de tórax y broncoscopia flexible evidenciándose una imagen sugerente de un cuerpo extraño en el bronquiotronco izquierdo.Discusión: después de realizar broncoscopia rígida y extracción de cuerpo extraño, presenta varias complicaciones, que requieren ingreso en terapia intensiva, la evolución clínica posterior fue favorable, con radiografía de tórax de control con adecuada reexpansión pulmonar y dándose de alta a los 55 días después del diagnóstico.Conclusiones: en presencia de un paciente con sepsis respiratoria después de un cuadro de broncoaspiración se debe tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de aspiración de un cuerpo extraño. La extracción del cuerpo extraño resulta la solución definitiva.

Introducción: la artropatía enteropática representa una manifestación derivada de complicaciones inflamatorias intestinales. Presentación del caso: paciente de 53 años de edad, de piel blanca, femenina, que sufrió caída de sus pies, con trauma en rodilla izquierda que le ocasionó fractura de meseta tibial izquierda. Discusión: los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirman el diagnóstico de la artropatía enteropática y fractura de platillos tibiales, se aplicaron pautas de tratamientos integradores funcionales.Conclusiones: con los tratamientos el paciente reportó efectos beneficiosos, se lograron los objetivos propuestos en la rehabilitación, así como la incorporación de la paciente a la sociedad con un mínimo de discapacidad e independencia. 

Introduction: suicide has antecedents that go back to the very existence of man, varying its characteristics according to the time, culture and socioeconomic structure, since they are conditioned by the different valuations that are given at the religious, philosophical, intellectual or popular level. .Objective: to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in adolescents between 9 and 14 years of age admitted to the Bayamo Children's Hospital, from January to December 2016.Method: a retrospective case-control study was carried out. The universe consisted of 182 adolescents and the sample after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for 58 cases and 116 controls, the statisticians belonging to descriptive and inferential statistics were used, the Chi-square test of independence was applied to determine the association between the variables with a confidence level of 95% and significance α=0.05.Results: being a woman increased 18 times the probability of attempting suicide with a (OR=18.897; CI=7.788-45.974; p=0.000), the history of chronic diseases multiplied almost by 5 the probability of carrying it out with a (OR= 4.739). ; CI= 1.677-13.392; p= 0.003), parental divorce increased the probability 14 times (OR= 14.146; CI=6.585-30.386; p=0.000), the history of suicide by children increased 7 times (OR=7.516; CI= 2.934-19.257; p= 0.000), family dysfunction and/or significant violence (OR=7.412; CI=3.222-17.047; p=0.000); in the same way the academic performance with one (OR= 9.145; CI=3.992-20.948; p=0.000).Conclusions: sex and parental divorce were found to have a statistically significant relationship and increased the risk of patients committing suicide attempts, and age, history of chronic diseases and family history of suicide increased the risk of suicide attempt. The logistic regression model allowed us to identify the association of these factors independently.