Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper analyzes the peasant mobilizations during the neoliberal agrarian reform (1990-2006), as well as the ones carried out during the Daniel Ortega regime (2007-2018) as a rejection of the extractive and construction policies of the Interoceanic Grand Canal. The sources are documentary and oral and it seeks to establish continuities and ruptures within the struggles of this sector during the last 40 years. The focus is placed on changes in the strategy of the peasantry, which from the ideological battles of the 1980´s were transformed into struggles for access to land in the 1990´s. Nowadays, peasant mobilizations in Nicaragua are also environmentalists and they fight together with civil society for national sovereignty and democracy.

The article analyzes the nature of the Truth and Justice Commissions, the case of Guatemala particularly. Two questions guide the research: Are these reports expressions of the memory? What is the function in order to past recovery? It is taken as starting point both, the understanding of the emergence of such Commissions, as well as their reports with the purpose of contextualizing their mainly elements. The focus is set out to the  report “Guatemala Memory of Silence”, came of the “Commission for Historical Clarification of the violations against human rights and the violent facts” based on the Oslo Accord (1994). It is concluded that Guatemalan report is a memory expression because it emerges in a transition context where this kind of resource was necessary, however its constant research of objectivity and neutrality does not allow the criticism possibility of past recovery.

The analysis of a corpus of Costa Rican written press between 1833-1939 allowed me to identify different models  of  the modern  sexual  identities which  strived  for symbolic social legitimacy in this country in the new context of Modernity. Based on an epistemic analysis of the newspapers discourses, I established typologies of this models of femininity and masculinity promoted by Liberal, Catholic and Communist men in their debates of the desirable “national identity”. I found that their dissent diminished when they debated on how to model women. I also found that Liberal ideas and the development of capitalism were signaled both by Catholics and Communists for creating a sexual and social “disorder” which also paved the way for a feeling, among “working class” men, of being reduced to a “feminized” masculine identity, for whose “redemption” the Social Catholic Confessional State was created in the first part of theTwentieth Century. Costa Rican society hence transformed from an open one with a variety of identities to a re-communitarized one, more closed to external influences, until the second part of the Twentieth Century.

This essay analyzes, in three stories by David Ulloa, the construction of gay subjectivity as a subjectivity with contradictions (produced by its situation in the world), which moves between assimilation and rebellion. First, the study considers the notion of “pariah”, explained by Eleni Varikas, but also by other authors like Hannah Arendt and Didier Eribon, to define the homosexual as a “modern pariah”. Then, an analysis of the stories is offered in order to explain the voice of the narrator-protagonist as a voice of his own (since exposes different moments of his life). Although with contradictions, this voice tries to rise against the imperatives constituted around those subjects who are systematically deprived –because they can’t “speak”– of the conditions that make possible a full political, social and private life. In the work, reference is made to different elements treated throughout the Ulloa texts, such as sexuality, emotions, identity or illness (HIV/AIDS).

In this article, I explore social representations (SR) on urban Indian, concretely concerning the case of Ngäble-Buglé women located alongside San José’s Central Avenue, in Costa Rica, and its consequences concerning Human Rights. In order to meet this goal, I used the concept of SR as it was conceived by the French School of Social Psychology, which regards them as constructs set forth in intersubjectivity, upon a social object that guide action. As these are expressed in the discourse of social actors, I undertook several visits to that avenue in the months of October and November of 2018, and I spoke to passersby, and interviewed many workers in the area. As a result, I found that SR regarding urban Indian stand in contrast with what is regarded as Indian from the standpoint of colonialism, which in due course spawns discrimination, as well as it limits the enforcement of the international norm that recognizes the rights of Indian individuals and communities.

The research studies the catholic censorship of the film exhibitions in Costa Rica during the period from 1934 to 1936. An analysis of catholic press shows the development of a catholic campaign against the "bad cinema", where it is postulated that its causes were the product of global influences alongside local historical concerns. The results of the investigation showed, first, the influence of the mobilizations from the United States and the Vatican is the catholic campaign against “inmoral cinema” in Costa Rica. Secondly, how the replication of the international catholic campaign against cinema was made posible by local moralist who historically criticized the new public entertainment. Third, the various strategies of the Costa Rican campaign to censor the "inmoral" contents of the films. Finally, a balance about the achievements and failures of the moral campaign, allowing a reflection about the cultural scope of cinema in the Costa Rican society of the period.                                                         

This article aims to analyze the ways in which the image of public officials of the nascent Costa Rican state is shaped through newspapers between 1839 and 1890– a critical period in the country´s institutional formation–. The concepts, symbols, signs, rituals and ceremonies, involved in the definition and maintenance of this image, evidences a translation process, which implies a continuous bureaucratization of the social space that led the spaces of the local and the central administration to get closer in the Costa Rican society, turning the bureaucracy into a bridge that united them, characterized by a confrontation between experience (as a practical way of custom in the local space) and knowledge (as an element of specialized technical training). The research questions the notion of modernity in the formation of the Costa Rican state and invites to rethink an agenda of analysis for the approach to the phenomenon of power during these key years.

This article studies the experience of mutilation suffered by the aviator Tobías Bolaños Palma (1892-1953) in the Great War (1914-1918), contrasting the notions of (human) body in combatant countries that developed a model of disability rehabilitation with those of the press and the Costa Rican diplomats that followed the case. Using diplomatic reports, newspapers and cultural magazines, and considering the gender perspective that marked the physical experience of the war, Bolaños' entry into the French aviation is analyzed, as well as his bodily experience and the socio-political and physical meanings of his return to the country. It is concluded that, unlike the political and economic value that massive mutilation had among veterans' associations of some combatant countries, the individual case of Bolaños faced the social and corporal prejudice of Costa Rican diplomats, politicians, and media, and the ideological uses that the Tinoco dictatorship (1917-1919) made of his return, issues that Bolaños dodged in different ways.

This article analyses situations of discrimination, violence and inequality against gay and lesbian workers due to their sexual orientation, gender and / or gender expression in healthcare institutions located in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Some of the qualitative findings of a larger study are developed, which had a mixed approach and a cross-sectional, non-experimental design, in order to describe variants of anticipated stigma and perceptions of sexual orientation as potential obstacle at work. The persistence of stigma toward gay and lesbian workers, despite the greater legal and social recognition these groups have gained over the past decades, is a theoretical assumption of the study. While favourable changes are recognized, it is concluded that anticipated stigma persists among this group of workers.

Evaluation of school collections as a didactic resource and the possibility of establishing them as a permanent exhibition in the school. We describe the museum adaptation project of a specific room in a public school of compulsory secondary education and baccalaureate (IES Miguel Delibes in Madrid) as an academic ‘Cabinet of Curiosities’, for the permanent exhibition of the Biology and Geology specimen collections. We expose the origin and development of the Project and the collections. We emphasize that in this exhibition, apart from observing, all exposed specimens can be touched, as their purpose is to be handled and studied by all alumni and visitors.