Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper proposes a study route to track some of the epicenters of video art in Latin America, attempting a heterogeneous approach to bound different temporalities and geographies, which in that epoch meant new paradigms for the visual production of the continent. This historical review is developed through countries as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, México, y Colombia, where the particular political, cultural and social symptoms allowed the conformation of paths to be walked by video art. Finally, I propose a decanting of the processes developed from the 60's to the 90's, through three works by Colombian artists (José Alejandro Restrepo, Wilson Díaz, and Óscar Muñoz). The paper is assumed as a memory exercise towards an evanescent history just as its own materiality, and still under construction.

This text offers a reflection on the links and joint possibilities of artivism and collective action in the current Latin American situation. It emphasizes the relevance that artistic discourse can have in the context of a period of marked so- cial crisis, as a trigger element and articulator of a series of social demands. First, I reflect on the possibilities of politi- cal art in the Latin American context. In a second moment, I analyze the artistic approach of the colombian collective “Puro Veneno”, to understand the different ways, strategies and scope that current art has to influence the search for better conditions for our contemporary societies.

Thinking about art, broadening its field of action beyond the professional field, allows us to enter the social space and reflect on the social utility of art. An art that explores the binding multidimensionality between art and society, starting with the notion of social sculpture, and continuing some current instituting practices. Community workshops, collective architectures and urban tactics are the artistic tools used for the social transformation of some Tlalpan and Xochimilco communities in Mexico City. Where collaboration and cultural production are intermingled to enhance and describe the possibilities of agency that has the current art. Methodologically, artistic practices are considered as forms of exploration and participant observation as tools for reflection and analysis.

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Reseña

In Chile, the Psychomotor Development Evaluation Scale (EEDP in Spanish) and the Psychomotor Development Test (TEPSI in Spanish) are outdated tools that lack international reliability and validation. It is necessary to analyze the evaluation process from the point of view of the health and education professionals, that is, nurses and early childhood educators. The purpose was to reveal the experiences of these actors in the evaluation process of psychomotor development in children under three years of age, according to social determinants. This is a qualitative exploratory study based on the Alfred Schütz phenomenology, carried out in seven key informants, five nurses and two educators, through semi-structured interviews. The analysis was limited to transcription, coding, grouping into categories and synthesis. The meta categories revealed are: A: Dilemmas and uncertainties by critical nodes and intermediate categories: a) The gap between public policies and local reality does not favor the development of children, b) Outdated and decontextualized instruments, c) Myths and expectations of the parents regarding the evaluation, d) Instruments without social relevance; and B: Expectations and intermediate categories: a) Political framework update for continuous and effective progress, b) Parents incorporation and empowerment in the process, c) Professionals training and improvement. It was concluded that it is necessary to update the evaluation strategies and have validated, updated and socially relevant instruments that include the parents.

La Enfermedad renal crónica terminal es considerada una pandemia a nivel mundial. En Chile un 32% de los recursos económicos en salud son destinados a su tratamiento, siendo la hemodiálisis la terapia, más utilizada en estos usuarios. Esta patología modifica todo el equilibrio de la persona, sometiéndola a diversos factores estresantes y provocándole alteraciones en el ámbito físico, psicológico y social, repercutiendo directamente en la salud mental de estos usuarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la salud mental y su relación con las características biosociodemográficas en los pacientes hemodializados en una unidad de cuidado en Talcahuano, Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una entrevista. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Golberg para medir salud mental más variables biosociodemográficas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que: de un total de 53 pacientes, un 58,5% presentó ausencia de psicopatología, 26,4% presencia y el 15,1% sospecha; un 56,6% varones y el 44,4% mujeres, un 62,3% se encontraba en pareja, un 50,9 % poseía estudios de nivel medio, el 83% se encontraban pensionado, la media del tiempo en hemodiálisis fue de 94,2 meses. La presencia de diabetes mellitus se relacionó con una mayor incidencia de sospecha psicopatología. Este estudió permitió concluir que, la sospecha y/o presencia de psicopatología se relacionó con edad avanzada, sexo femenino, ingresos económicos bajos, mayor tiempo en hemodiálisis, estar pensionado y padecer diabetes. La ausencia se   relacionó con mayor nivel educacional y trabajo remunerado.

El cuidado está presente en todas las culturas y tiene características diferentes. Una etapa del curso de vida donde se evidencia con más claridad el cuidado cultural en las comunidades indígenas es en la etapa reproductiva. Este trabajo se trata acerca de una investigación cualitativa de tipo etnográfico interpretativo, que busca describir, explicar e interpretar  las prácticas de cuidado cultural en el continuo reproductivo de la mujer Embera Katio. Emergieron cuatro categorías de análisis: preparación de la mujer Embera para albergar la semilla que brotará de sus entrañas; resguardando la semilla del pueblo Embera en el vientre materno; cuando brota la semilla: surge una nueva vida y, la armonía y restablecimiento de la salud en la diada madre–hijo. Se concluye que el continuo reproductivo de la mujer Embera Katio está representado por un conjunto de prácticas de cuidado de orden intergeneracional, que se encuentran soportadas en un conocimiento y comportamiento cultural específico, que garantiza la protección de la mujer y su descendencia. Se destacan en esta síntesis interpretativa las siguientes prácticas de cuidado cultural: el Jemené: rito que marca el inicio de la mujer Embera Katio a la vida fértil; la alimentación: una manera de preservar el bienestar de la madre y su hijo por nacer; la verticalización del parto y el uso de plantas medicinales durante el trabajo de parto; los consejos y el acompañamiento de la partera tradicional durante el embarazo, parto y posparto y por último, el reposo y la armonía de la madre y el recién nacido en el posparto.  

Middle-aged women, although they may have concluded with the biological reproductive cycle, maintain an important social role that is expressed through their active participation in community life, without abandoning the responsibilities assumed in the home and family, which it contributes to the exacerbation of climacteric symptoms in intensity and frequency, in correspondence with social determinants because of their sex. On the other hand, the living conditions of women have undergone significant changes in the last decades: the progressive increase of opportunities for labor insertion, birth control, reduction of fertility, improvement in the effectiveness of preventive measures, increase in life expectancy, reduction of gender barriers, changes in social roles, all of which must be considered in their health care. Therefore it is necessary to focus the care from a philosophical perceptive that allows us to perform it in an integral way, without setting aside emotional, spiritual and psychosocial aspects. The primary care service is essential to provide a source of care that has continuity, coordination, and that covers in a global way the health needs of people. Whatever the type of transition, it implies from the nursing staff the need to know the beliefs and practices in each one of the transitional situations of the person in order to offer a culturally congruent care. This implies knowing how humans adapt to the transition, and how the environment affects that adaptation. This importance derives from the fact that nursing seeks to maximize the strengths and potentials of people

The objective of the study was to discover the meanings of cultural nursing care for a group of nurses of the Maternal and Child Clinical Unit of a public hospital of Venezuela. Its methodological proposal is of a qualitative nature under the phenomenological approach. Focused ethnography and the ethnoendermal method proposed by Leininger were chosen, using the ethnographic analysis of Spradley for the processing of the data. The participants were six nurses who work in the maternal clinical unit of Dr. Placido Daniel Rodríguez Central Hospital in San Felipe, Venezuela. The expressions and experiences provided by them allowed to describe the study object through in-depth interviews. Based on the analysis of the data, two domains emerged from this process: "The Practice of Cultural Nursing is the Way of Making Care an Art”, as well as, "Knowing the Culture is the Way to Provide Congruent Human Care”. These preliminary contributions reveal nursing actions that help to promote the concept, as well as tools that allow nurses to apply culturally appropriate care to pregnant and puerperal women and newborns in this context. It is concluded that the nurse, in the provision of care process, combines her knowledge with the art of caring, respecting the beliefs and values ​of the the users admitted to this public hospital.