Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the simulation of the application of tariffs of 25, 30 and 45% on chicken meat imports in Mexico. The country was divided into eight producing regions, eight consuming regions, and two import entry points, with data from 2019, using a quadratic programming model consisting of maximizing the Net Social Value (VSN) function. The results showed that, in relation to the optimal model, the hypothetical application of tariff rates increased national and regional production by 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%, reduced imports by -1.3, -1.9 and -2.4%; They reduced national and regional consumption by -0.04, -0.06 and -0.08%, increased producer and consumer prices and decreased the welfare of society by -0.2, -0.3 and -0.4%. It is concluded that the tariff policy harmed national consumers with lower consumption and a higher price, benefits national producers by increasing production and higher producer prices, and reduced the welfare of society.

The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of marketing campaigns with high or low brand/cause fit on the attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention. To achieve the above objective, an experiment was carried out with 96 university students. A MANOVA and a discriminant analysis were estimated to evaluate the relationship between variables. The results showing marketing with high brand / cause congruence motivate a more favorable attitude towards the brand, while marketing campaigns with low brand / cause congruence lead to higher purchase intention. The originality of this research consist in providing marketing results with a cause in the mobile market in Mexico. The limitations of this research are that due to the characteristics of the sample and the design of the experiment used, the results cannot be generalized.

Este trabajo examina la relación del Capital Social Sectorial (CSS) y el desempeño de la Industria Manufacturera (IM) en México. Dicho desempeño es explicado de manera agregada y desagregada con indicadores como confianza, reciprocidad y expectativas empresariales, así como la confianza de los consumidores, indicadores del CSS. Se elabora un modelo con características de serie de tiempo. Los resultados permiten observar que cuando se presentan cambios en el CSS, diferentes efectos se impactan sobre el IM.

This paper study the relationship between social protection expenditures, poverty, income inequality and economic growth in a marginalized country like Pakistan by using annual data available from 1983 to 2015. Three econometric time series models have been developed; the first model explored the impact of social protection expenditures on poverty; second model investigated the impact of social protection expenditures on income inequality and a third model shows the impact of poverty, income inequality and social protection expenditures on economic growth. Results of cointegration techniques suggested to increase social protection expenditures reduces poverty and inequality in case of Pakistan. Furthermore, increase the expenditures on social protection programs have positive impact on economy and boost economic growth.

In this paper it argues that the Mexican government has followed a tax policy for the private sector and a different one for the oil sector. Therefore, it can be said that there are two different tax policies for two productive sectors. For this reason, we propose two models of endogenous growth in order to analyze how the existence of different tax rates for two economic sectors or two companies (one public and the other private) affects growth. In the first model, it is assumed that what is collected by the government is used to finance productive spending; there is a relationship between the tax rate charged to the private sector and that charged to the public sector that maximizes the growth rate; in the second one, it is assumed that what is collected by the government is used to finance its current spending; Both tax rates reduce the growth rate, but in different amounts.

This paper analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and theeconomic policy adopted to face it on the magnitude of the 2020recession and the difficulties in recovering the growth path. The paperfirst presents the state of the Mexican economy before the pandemic,followed by an explanation of its economic effects and the economicpolicy response; finally, the Mexican experience is placed in the internationalcontext. The main conclusions highlight that, indeed, the greatmagnitude of the supply and demand shocks caused by the pandemichas determined the dynamics of national production and that theMexican government's economic policy response has been insufficientto mitigate its effects, this is not very different from what has happenedin other countries.

The goal of this research is to identify the role played by the economic growth on determining the current wage. To do so, we combine data from the census of population and household 2020 along with the economic censuses from 1989 to 2019 to estimate the effect of the product, the product per worker, and the variation of the product per worker on the wages. The results show evidence about an increase in total product spoils the wage, whereas an increase in the product per worker increases it. The periods of economic growth show mixed effects when trying to explain the current wages. The last suggests that in Mexico the economic growth has been led by the profits through the wage restraint, although new evidence suggests that it is turning to a demand-led via increasing minimum wage.

This paper examines the way in which five Chilean universities have implemented the mandatory initial diagnostic assessment in pre-service teacher training. The law states that the outcomes of this assessment will be used to enhance students’ learning processes. In addition, universities are entitled to autonomy to define what to evaluate and how to carry it out. Considering the purpose and scope of this evaluation, the aim of this paper is to better understand how these assessments have been implemented by universities and how institutional settings have affected the way in which universities have put this assessment into practice. In order to explore this phenomenon, the research employed a multiple case study approach. In this context, semi-structured interviews were carried out with institutional representatives, along with analysis of a set of diagnostic assessments and their psychometric test results. Drawing upon the triangulation of the information generated, the paper concludes that the most important elements affecting the implementation of this initial diagnostic assessment are, on the one hand, professionals’ technical skills and, on the other, the resources that teacher training programs or faculties have. There was a lack of relationship between the assessment and the admission profiles and training programs.

Various studies show that teaching beliefs are an important explanatory factor of teaching practices. However, in Latin American countries, there is a lack of studies on the educational concepts regarding emergent literacy and the factors that influence it. This research thus analyzes the beliefs of a group of teachers about emergent literacy and its relationship with the learning environment in the classroom and with one of the least-studied influencing factors: the socio-family context. The research was qualitative with a psycho phenomenological approach and was conducted through in-depth interviews. The analysis revealed that the predominant type of belief is unsophisticated, with non-cognitive characteristics that emerge from knowledge derived from a discourse based mainly on the co-constructivist model of literacy. In addition, using NVivo software, it was determined that the participants’ discourse did not exceed 13% consistency with the theory in each analysis category.

In this paper, we analyze the concepts underlying the evaluative rationalities of teachers who work in school establishments. The research is of a qualitative-interpretive nature. Fifteen teachers participated, who had varying different years of work experience and were teaching different levels and subjects of the school curriculum. To collect the information, we conducted a group interview and a focus group. The data were systematized by means of content analysis with version 12 of the software NVivo. The main results reveal the prevalence of technological evaluative rationalities and cultural practice rationalities among the participating teachers. Based on these findings, we discuss the need to reflect on the implicit components that underlie evaluative rationalities and how these should be revealed and assumed in order to address new demands of assessment practice in different school contexts.