Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The paper presents an original algorithm composed by authors in order to determine through exact calculations the efficiency value of a simple planetary mechanism, increasingly used in aerospace, robotics, mechatronics, machine building, and various automation. The calculation program is written in excel and for its simple automation four sign-type switches, are used plus or minus 1, and a logic function for checking the status and choosing the corresponding value. In this way, the program is generalized to be used for any type of simple planetary mechanism for the purpose of accurately determining its yield.

This article is the product of a qualitative research, whose purpose was to identify the training needs of the teachers of the I and II General Basic cycle in the teaching of natural sciences. All the teachers of Basic General Education of the Regional Office of the Western District were considered to carry out the investigation. The technique used was the questionnaire, which was sent to all teachers. It was answered by 93 participants out of a total of 180 questionnaires. Twenty-six (26) training needs were identified in the areas of biodiversity, protected areas, physics, and chemistry. Based on this information, fourteen (14) trainingand updating workshops were given to twenty-two (22) teachers, on topics related to the cell, biodiversity, biological kingdoms, protected areas, magnetism, changes in the state of matter, chemical reactions, electrical circuits, energy, transformations of energy, solar energy, voltage and energy, and water uses. The main result of this process was that the teachers investigated and applied the methodological strategies that allowed the transmission or deepening of the knowledge in a pleasant and effective way.

Using the trap camera monitoring method, the medium and large mammal populations of the Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes were recorded and analyzed on the La Fila trail. This reserve is located at the south of the Cordillera de Tilarán in Costa Rica, and this trail is located in the premontane humid tropical forest. The study was from February 2017 to February 2018. The use of trap cameras allowed obtaining video records, to analyze: relative abundance, diversity and activity patterns in medium and large mammals on the trail, during the dry and rainy season. Regarding relative abundance, a sampling effort of 1393 trap days was carried out, in which 410 individuals were recorded, with a total of 17 mammal species, in six orders and 11 families. The Carnivorous order was dominant with eight different species and Artiodactyla with 249 individuals. Pecari tajacu (IAR = 17.157, r = 239) and with a lower Mazama temama record (IAR = 0.071, r = 1). Among the threatened species were Tapirus bairdii (IAR = 0.9, r = 9) and Leopardus pardalis (IAR = 2.01, r = 28). In relation to diversity, the total specific richness of the sample was S = 17, the Margalef index indicates that diversity is high (dry season, Dmg = 3.18, rainy season, Dmg = 2.89), Pielou index showed, that in both seasons an abundance of diversity from medium to high (dry season, e = 0.63, rainy season e = 0.52) and Shannon-Wiener index shows a moderate diversity, with a total index of H'= 1.66, of a maximum of H'max = 2.7, (dry season H '= 1.79, rainy season H'= 1.46). The Hutchenson test shows that the Shannon Wiener index is significant in accepting that the rainy season does not have the same diversity as the dry season (n = 17, t = 2.41 p = 0.016, gl = 351). P. tajacu presented diurnal activity (7:00 - 19:00). Sciurus variegatoides, had its activity at night (20:00 - 06:00), L. pardalis presented nocturnal activity (20:00 - 06:00). The sampling carried out in this study allowed us to obtain significant information with 88.2% of the species of medium and large mammals present in the La Fila trail (ReBAMB), is based on the species accumulation curve.

The worldwide increment in elderly population should be considered as a high priority by the organizations that serve these groups. The aging process involves a series of physiological, mental and social changes that affect the quality of life and health of these people. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the social well-being, health and quality of life of the elderly person who participates in institutionalized programs. A total of 138 participants, women and men, aged between 60 and 86 years ( = 67.94 years ± 5.26), from organized groups of San Ramon Costa Rica, participated in this study. The information was collected through the SF36 questionnaire to determine the perceived quality of life, the perception of health through the Goldberg scale and social welfare through the social well-being scale. The results show that perceived health, quality of life and social well-being are acceptable in this group. There were correlations between Social Integration and the dimensions of General Health, Vitality, Social Function and Mental Health (p <0.01) and with Physical Function (p <0.05). The Social Contribution dimension was related to the domains of Physical Function, General Health, Vitality, Social Function, Mental Health (p <0.01) and Health Transition (p <0.05). On the other hand, Social Update positively correlated with the Physical Function, Mental Health and Health Transition (p <0.01) and with General Health, Vitality and Social Function (p <0.05), the perceived health was lower in advanced ages. Social well-being is a determinant of the quality of life and health of the elderly, so implementing intervention strategies that include socialization techniques could generate substantial improvements in the health and quality of life of this population group.

We present the list of amphibians for the El Silencio de Los Ángeles Cloud Forest (Villa Blanca Hotel and Reserve) in San Ramón de Alajuela, Costa Rica, Central America. We performed nocturnal visual and acoustic surveys in the trail system, mainly from 2013 to 2014. We also received data from the local guides up to 2019. We compared the similarity of amphibian richness of our site against other premontane reserves in Costa Rica with a cluster analysis (Jaccard index, single linkage). We recorded 26 species distributed in 16 genera, eight families and two orders. Notrotiton gamezi was the only threatened species detected. The El Silencio de los Ángeles Cloud Forest site is around 80 % similar to San Lorencito River Station and 55% to Nectandra Reserve. Containing 12% of the Costa Rica’s amphibian richness, this premontane woodland should be considered among the most important clouded forest in Central Costa Rica for amphibian conservation.

Homemade foliar fertilizers are an efficient fertilization tool, especially in productive systems that are managed under agroecological approaches. Some advantages of these fertilizers are that their preparation does not require sophisticated equipment, specialized training or expensive materials. There is a great variety of homemade foliar fertilizers, for example, super magro, bioles, hydrolyzed humus tea, and others; It is necessary to ensure that these fertilizers fulfill the function for which they are applied, which is to provide nutrients that can be absorbed foliarly, favoring plant nutrition. This is precisely the topic to be addressed in this review, specifically, technical aspects of the preparation of homemade foliar fertilizers are reviewed in the light of three topics: 1) morphological and functional aspects of the leaf, which has a direct impact on the process of foliar absorption of nutrients, 2) the chemical nature of the inputs (i.e., plant, animal and mineral origin) used in the manufacture of homemade fertilizers, and 3) the process of preparation (i.e., hydrolysis, fermentation), which will enable the transit of nutrients through the barriers imposed by the leaf structure. On the other hand, additional mechanisms through which homemade foliar fertilizers can benefit plant production are mentioned. Therefore, the objective of this evaluative review is to analyze some technical aspects that will directly influence the effectiveness of homemade foliar fertilizers, to predict their contributions to crop development.

This research focuses on explaining the lexical-phraseological component present in the Spanish journalistic discourse. Its purpose is to explain the linguistic aspects and the pragmatic character acquired by these units in journalistic discourse. In them there are included the ones belonging to the "repeated speech", as the set phrases, the phrases, the idiomatic expressions become fossilized in the shape of terms of reference and those who are in process of lexical - syntactic formalization. For this, we applied a methodology based on the linguistic - pragmatic analysis of a corpus of phraseological units representative extracted from different mass media. This way one could have approached the problematics of the phraseology, at the time that one could have identified the degree of lexical firmness and to verify the constant resource to these units, especially verbal, with pragmatic - discursive projection in the journalistic speech.

In this article, it is studied the Latin dramatic text The Mother- in- Law by Terence in order to analyze the construction of the prostitute’s sociogram. For that reason, this text is based on the author’s position such as trans-individual subject; then it determines if the construction analyzed, in other words the set of elements that constitute the characterization of the hetera, is rewritten or maintained. Objects of study were taken such as established dialogues by Baquis, Sira y Filotis with the rest of the characters.

This scientific article is the result of a mixed type of research whose purpose was to carry out a diagnosis on the training needs of teachers of the Regional Office of the West about the issues related to inclusive education. For the collection of data, 36 schools of the different school circuits were considered, as well as authorities of the Regional Office that are directly related to the subject. The instruments used were questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and observation guides. Among the main results found is the difficulty of teachers to implement inclusion in their pedagogical practice due to lack of training and knowledge regarding the subject. Hence, it is urgent to open spaces that allow teachers to train in different methodologies, languages ​​and techniques that allow them to address the diversity of the classroom.