Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The mite Varroa destructor is a scourge in honey bee colonies worldwide. Conventional chemical-based control treatments can contaminate colony products and cause resistance in the parasite. Plant-source compounds are promising alternatives. The effectiveness of smoke from dried Guazuma ulmifolia fruit and vapors from thymol crystals was evaluated in control of V. destructor in colonies of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera) in Yucatan, Mexico. Three treatments were used during a three-week experimental period. In Group 1, colonies were administered five to eight puffs of smoke from dried G. ulmifolia fruits twice a week. In Group 2, they were administered 4-8 g of thymol crystals once a week. Group 3 was a control and received no treatment. Collections of 200 to 300 adult bees from each colony were done prior to treatment (day 0) and after treatment at 7, 14 and 21 d. These were processed to quantify colony infestation levels and treatment efficacy. Overall V. destructor infestation levels in adult bees decreased in all three groups after 21 d, with differences between treatments. Levels were lowest in Group 2, followed by Group 1 and the control. Efficacy at the end of the treatments was 41 % in Group 1 and 69% in Group 2. Compared to the control, application of thymol crystals provided the most effective alternative control method against V. destructor. However, regular application of G. ulmifolia fruit smoke also reduced mite infestation levels, and this resource has the advantage of being locally available.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate clinical, radiological, ultrasonographic and microbiological findings of calves with septic arthritis. Study material consisted of 50 calves with arthritis in different stocks and gender and aged between 4 to 150 d, brought to the clinic between 2016 and 2017 with lameness complaint. After obtaining medical histories, physical and microbiological examinations of calves’ clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, synovial samples were conducted. Clinically, monoarthritis was detected in 37 calves and polyarthritis was detected in 13 calves. Most of the lesions were observed in carpal and tarsal joints. In radiography results, increased opacity was found in joints with arthritis, intraarticular narrowing and degeneration on joint surface. In ultrasonographic examinations, the hyperechogenic heterogeneous appearance of synovial fluid and a smooth and apparent hyperechoic joint capsule in articular cartilage surface were observed in 43 cases. Most commonly, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 13 cases, Trueperella pyogenes was detected in 8 cases, Streptococcus pluranimalium was detected in 8 cases, Mycoplasma bovis was detected in 5 cases, Escherichia coli was detected in 5 cases, Saprophyte spp. was detected in 1 case and Acinetobacter spp. was detected in 1 case in microbiological examination of synovial fluid. In conclusion, the together evaluation of clinical, radiological, ultrasonographic and microbiological findings in the diagnosis of septic arthritis, which is frequently encountered in calves and which causes serious economic losses with high mortality rates, would be a more effective approach for clinical practitioners in terms of treatment and prognosis.

Introducción: La reparación de restauraciones ha sido estudiada desde muy recientemente, pero a pesar de haber demostrado efectividad y mejoras en la terapéutica de la caries dental, aún tiene seguidores y detractores, lo que justifica la necesidad de estudios que sigan avalando tales prácticas. Objetivo: Describir, a través de la presentación de un caso, la reparación de un defecto localizado en una restauración de amalgama como tratamiento de mínima intervención en cariología.Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 16 años con antecedentes de salud acude a consulta refiriendo una pequeña fractura de restauración en diente 4.6 desde hace varias semanas. La regularización del defecto en la restauración, la mínima preparación cavitaria, la eliminación del fragmento de la base intermedia, la protección del complejo dentino-pulpar y el llenado de la cavidad resultante, fueron los primeros pasos de una técnica que se cumplimentó luego del pulido final de la interface tejido dentario-restauración y se evolucionó cinco años después. Se evidenció el estado y presencia de la reparación de la restauración realizada, sin fracturas añadidas, microfiltraciones, sintomatologías, desplazamientos ni pérdidas de la continuidad.Conclusiones: La reparación del defecto localizado de amalgama se realizó con el fin de preservar los tejidos dentarios no afectados como lo dicta la mínima intervención en cariología. Cinco años más tarde, la evolución evidencia una práctica que se tradujo en resultados satisfactorios e incremento de la calidad de vida de la paciente.

Introduction: The main purpose of the workshop is to train a professional to solve the problems and situations of the profile of the specialist; therefore, the teacher should have an adequeate knowledge about its didactics and methodological structure in order to guide the teaching-learning process correctly.Objective: To evaluate the training in the organization of workshops for Bachelors of Health Technology.Material and Methods: An exploratory study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing and Health Technology of the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara during the first semester of 2018. The sample consisted of 17 lecturers and the variables of the study were: level of identification of the elements that form the basis of the workshop, level of knowledge about the steps of its methodological structure, and identification of aspects and assessment for its development. The following methods were used: theoretical methods such as analysis/synthesis and induction/deduction; empirical ones: documentary analysis, questionnaire and observation guide; and statistical methods: analysis for absolute and relative frequencies.Results: Some difficulties were found in the identification of the elements that characterize the workshop and the aspects to consider for its development, as well as the level of knowledge about the steps that should be taken into account in its methodological structure. Conclusions: There is an insufficient training of teachers about the adequate methodology for the development of a workshop in the specific area of Health TechnologyKeywords: Workshop, diagnosis, evaluation, teaching-learning process.

Introduction: The effectiveness of health services and the optimization of treatments require adequate patients´ adherence to treatment.Objectives: To characterize, according to different levels, the therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic renal insufficiency on hemodialysis and describe the factors that condition it.  Material and methods: A pioneer study about this topic was carried out in Cuba.   A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 75 patients on dialytic treatment assisted in Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in the municipality of Manzanillo, Granma in the year 2014. The “MBG Questionnaire for the evaluation of therapeutic adherence", a survey questionnaire to find out the factors that condition it, and a semi-structured interview were used. Data processing was carried out by means of a percentage analysis.   Ethical aspects such as confidentiality, privacy, and consent for participation were taken into account.Results: The male sex, ages between 50-59 years, and pre-university education level predominated in the study. Partial adherence was found in 56% of the persons studied.  Factors like knowledge of the disease, beliefs about the benefits of treatment, enough perceived social support, and satisfaction with the care received were not described as conditioning factors on adherence. The perception of difficult treatment was a factor described as condition on adherence. The most complex indications perceived were liquids restriction and monitoring of a suitable diet. Conclusions: The adherence to the dialytic treatment was evident with prevalence of the partial level; its deficiency is linked to the complexity of treatment.  Keywords: therapeutic adherence, hemodialysis, described factors, complexity of treatment, chronic renal insufficiency, restriction of liquids.

Automated germinators are an indispensable tool to optimize agricultural processes. However, they have high costs, so the design, construction and operation of devices with accessible prices for small producers is required. The objective of this work was to design, build and verify a prototype of low cost germinator, under the guidelines of a prototype design. Said germinator was built using materials available in the region and is able to automatically control the temperature and photoperiod through circuits W1401 and Tem-8 48386 respectively. Furthermore, by means of simple switches, the light intensity can be controlled. Additionally, a temperature verifier was built with an Arduino Uno card. The verification system allowed the monitoring of temperature changes in real time (every minute). The prototype was tested by germinating seeds of Capsicum chinense, using different volumes of imbibition water. According to the results obtained, the built prototype is adjusted to the requirements recommended by the International seed testing association (ISTA), as well as by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the evaluation of seeds, but also showed a higher yield, compared to a commercial incubator and even a very minor construction and operation cost.

Violence against women in politics (VAWP) is an issue that has rapidly gained notoriety in academic works as well as in the policy world, to the extent that Mexico’s National Electoral Institute (INE), the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) and the Prosecutor Specialized on Electoral Crimes, presented the “Protocolo para la Atención de la Violencia Política contra las Mujeres en Razón de Género” ahead of the most recent elections. However a recent addition to the typology of VAWP, “symbolic violence” is problematic and requires deeper investigation. This research note situates the concept of symbolic violence in relation to its theoretical origins, deconstructs it for greater specificity, and considers its conceptual and applied contributions to the field. It argues that, although symbolic violence is a serious issue, it should not be regarded as part of a typology of VAWP because it is distinct in its ontology and empirics. Instead, symbolic violence should be studied among other theories of social control. The research note offers recommendations for future research directions on this topic.

This article attempts to elucidate how did present-day Brazil came to the risk of institutionalization of authoritarianism. We try to reflect on elements to think of Brazil in the 2018 elections, as well as the last recent years. The text draws from a literature review and analysis of the recent sociopolitical conjuncture. The consolidation of the “Bolsonaro Phenomenon” is explained by, among other things, the following elements: 1) the historical problems that we have never solved; 2) the internal problems of the governments of the Workers’ Party; 3) the demonstrations of June 2013, and 4) the 2016 coup. From Bolsonaro’s election we can expect the institutionalization of authoritarianism, ultra-neoliberal policies and the criminalization of social movements.

Book review:Martínez Puón, Rafael (2017) De la transparencia hacia un Gobierno Abierto. México: Tirant Lo Blanch

In recent years, accusations of sexual harassment have proliferated in institutions of higher education, and the manner in which they have responded has varied. Some have tended toward passivity or silence, under the principle that situations of gender violence respond to isolated events that must be addressed individually; in other cases, it was decided to provide the institutions with formal mechanisms that would allow them to attend to the cases. However, movements like #MeTooAcadémicos brought to light the need to find alternate ways to report cases of sexual violence, because formal channels apparently fail to respond to the needs of the victims. This paper analyzes the institutional mechanisms that public and private universities in Mexico are using to prevent and address cases of gender-based violence, and thereby highlight the challenges they face to put an end to this phenomenon.