Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: La atención de pacientes con VIH se realiza actualmente en Cuba de forma descentralizada; cada vez es mayor el número de casos ingresados en hospitales generales.Objetivo: Determinar características clínicas de pacientes con VIH ingresados en el Hospital General Docente “Enrique Cabrera”.Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva retrospectiva de pacientes con VIH ingresados en el Hospital General Docente “Enrique Cabrera” en el período comprendido del 1RO de enero de 2007 hasta 31 de diciembre de 2013. La muestra estuvo constituida por 86 casos.Resultados: El número de pacientes se incrementó por años, los casos masculinos constituyeron 79%, los grupos de edad más frecuentes 21 a 30 y 41 a 50 años. Las adenopatías generalizadas fue el hallazgo al examen físico más frecuente. Predominó el conteo de T CD4 menor de 200 células/mm3. Las patologías respiratorias constituyeron 25% de las causas de ingreso. Se realizó el diagnostico hospitalario en 36% de los casos de los cuales el 77% eran diagnósticos tardíos de la enfermedad.Conclusiones: Los pacientes con VIH constituyen una población joven que ingresa cada vez más a nivel secundario hospitalario, con características propias de esta enfermedad y patologías que ponen en riesgo su vida.Palabras claves: VIH, SIDA, adenopatías generalizadas, conteo de T CD4, diagnóstico hospitalario, diagnóstico tardío, caso SIDA.

Introduction: There are few studies that associate anemia with complementary feeding practices in cities of the provinces of Peru.Objective: To determine the characteristics of complementary feeding practices, sociodemographic characteristics and their association with anemia in children between 6 and 12 months of age from Cusco-Peru between August – December, 2017.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study based on the data from 360 mothers and children was carried out. The complementary feeding practices were evaluated through a semi-structured questionnaire, and their association with the variable of interest "anemia" was calculated. The crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios were estimated using linear and generalized Poisson regression models and log link function, with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). P-values <0.05 were considered significant.Results: The prevalence of anemia was 68,3 %. Associated factors were: living in poverty (aPR 1.27, p= 0.002), receiving an inadequate daily diversity of foods (aPR 1.13, p= 0.038); receiving an inadequate daily amount of food (aPR 1.15, p= 0.036) and supplementation with porridge (aPR 1.51, p= 0.002). Iron supplementation (aPR 0.33, p <0.001) was a protective factor.Conclusions: Living in poverty has been associated with anemia as well as some complementary feeding practices. These findings could be modified through proper follow-up in home visits and appropriate assignment of personnel for this activity.

Introduction: Partial edentulism is a final condition to the presence of dental caries related to various social, demographic and cultural factors. Currently, there are few studies that assess the state of partial edentulism and its association with the socioeconomic cultural level.Objective: To determine the frequency of the type of bimaxillary partial edentulism according to Kennedy´s Class and its possible association with the socioeconomic cultural level in patients treated in the clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of San Marcos in 2016.Material and methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected partial edentulous adult patients who were evaluated by means of a survey and an oral clinical examination. The survey was made up of the data that relate socioeconomic cultural level. The clinical examination was evaluated with an odontogram to determine the type of edentulism according to Kennedy´s classification.Results: The most frequent type of partial edentulism was Kennedy's Class III in the maxillary arch (50%) and in the mandible (49%), which was mainly present in patients that belonged to the average socioeconomic cultural level (83%). There was no statistically significant association between the socioeconomic cultural level and the type of partial edentulism according to Kennedy´s Class in both dental arches.Conclusions: In the studied population, there is a greater frequency of partial bimaxilar edentulism according to Kennedy's Class III and a preponderance of the socioeconomic cultural level. However, there is no association between the type of partial edentulism according to Kennedy´s Class and the socioeconomic cultural level.Keywords: Prevalence, jaw, partially edentulous arcade, social class, culture, dental caries, periodontal diseases, Kennedy´s class.

Introduction: A stillbirth is an event in pregnancy that supposes a negative result for parents, families and the health personnel involved. The lack of resources could be the main obstacle to accessing prenatal care, a symptom of health imbalance. The poor knowledge of the causes of stillbirth is associated with the belief that these events are inevitable; however, many binding factors are potentially modifiable.Objective: To describe the causes of stillbirths in Chile.Material and methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted. The analysis was determined from the 22 weeks´ gestation, according to the standard criterion of the World Health Organization. The most frequent causes were used to determine the association between    test  and the level of statistical significance p <0.05.Results: The highest percentage of fetal deaths was recorded at 35 or more weeks (35.63%). The main macro-causes of stillbirth were: fetal (47.0%), placental (31.4%), and unknown (10.89%). The main specific causes were intrauterine hypoxia (24.4%), unspecified cause (10.87%), and placental morphological-functional abnormalities (10.83%). The specific cause of intrauterine hypoxia is associated with gestational age, maternal age, and maternal educational level (p <0.05).Conclusions: Prenatal health demonstrates obstetric care, quality, and progress in health care. There are gaps in the detection of the causes and quality of records, so unknown causes tend to rise over time. It is advisable to add temporal, biological and social components to the registry of fetal deaths.Keywords: Stillbirth; fetal death; pregnancy outcome; health inequities; cause of death, risk factors.

The southern extension of the Western Cordillera of North America, in western Mexico, is integrated by accreted terranes of oceanic affinity, conforming the Guerrero superterrane. This tectonic elements are composed of volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks from the Upper Jurassic to the Cretaceous, resting on a meta-sedimentary basement of supposed Triassic age of schists with tuffs and basalts with MORB chemistry. In the Zihuatanejo subterrane, the Tecalitlán Formation of the Lower Cretaceous is known to crop out in Chamela Bay and Cocinas Island (Jalisco); the Puerto Vallarta batholith to the north is inferred to intrude rocks of this formation. This unit is composed mainly of andesitic volcanic flows, epiclastic deposits from tuffs to breccias, and some sandstone intervals. From this sequence, 35 sites were collected for paleomagnetism, two samples for U-Pb geochronology and one for Hf analysis with the objective of establishing its paleogeographic relationship with the rest of Mexico, its absolute age, and the nature of the crust of the Jalisco block of the Zihuatanejo subterrane. The results obtained show that the volcanic rocks of the Tecalitlán Formation are andesites and dacites with a U-Pb age in zircons of 120 ± 1 Ma. The Hf isotopes in zircon present positive εHf initial values between +7.2 and +11.5, and Hf model ages TDM2C between 442 and 714 Ma (average 557 Ma), indicating that there is no significant contamination by evolved continental crust, as observed in eastern Mexico (Oaxaquia). The natural remanent magnetization of these untis is multivectorial. Three paleomagnetic components were identified, where a dual polarity C component is interpreted as the characteristic one with mean of D = 341.0° and I = 39.8° (n = 25 sites, k = 15.1, α95= 7.7°) that indicates a northern paleolatitude of 21.8° ± 3.8°. Comparing the paleolatitude obtained in this study with the paleolatitudes expected for the Aptian, as calculated from reference poles of recent global compilations (28° to 26.2°), it is concluded that the western part of the Guerrero superterrane was close to its current latitudinal position with respect to the North American craton by 120 Ma. The Hf isotopes are consistent with models that interpret the Zihuatanejo subterrane as an intraoceanic arc, and not with models that suggest separation of a continental fragment from Oaxaquia by&nbsp; opening of a back arc basin.

In the Caborca–Altar area of northwest Sonora, variably deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks crop out in a northwest-southeast–trending belt (El Batamote belt) at least 70 km long. We obtained detrital zircon U-Pb ages from two distinctive components of the belt near Altar, here termed the Altar complex and Carnero complex. Zircon ages for metasandstone and metaconglomerate matrix from the Altar complex indicate a Late Cretaceous maximum age of sedimentation, with at least part of the complex no older than 77.5 ± 2.5 (2σ). Pre-Cretaceous detrital zircons in the complex were derived largely from local sources, including Proterozoic basement, the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian miogeocline and the Jurassic arc. The detrital zircon ages and lithologic character of the Altar complex suggest correlation with the Escalante Formation, the uppermost unit of the Upper Cretaceous El Chanate Group. In contrast, one sample from the Carnero complex yielded a Middle Jurassic maximum depositional age and a detrital zircon age distribution like that of the Jurassic eolianites of the North American Cordillera. The Carnero complex may correlate with the Middle Jurassic Rancho San Martín Formation but could also be a metamorphosed equivalent of the Upper Jurassic Cucurpe Formation, Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group, or El Chanate Group derived by recycling of Jurassic erg sandstones. The Late Cretaceous age for the Altar complex protolith contradicts models that relate deposition of the entire El Batamote protolith to a basin formed by oblique slip along the Late Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear. Instead, the belt is best explained as an assemblage of Middle Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous formations deformed and locally metamorphosed beneath a northeast-directed Laramide thrust complex. Potassium-argon and 40Ar/39Ar ages confirm previous inferences that deformation of El Batamote belt occurred between the Late Cretaceous and late Eocene. A second phase of deformation, involving low-angle normal faults, occurred during and/or after intrusion of the ~22-21 Ma Rancho Herradura granodiorite.

The Ñado Volcanic Complex is located in the central sector of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), to the north of the active Acambay graben, in the states of Querétaro and México. This complex is formed by 11 stratigraphic units, which were subdivided into three sequences (1. pre-Ñadó, 2. Ñadó, and 3. post-Ñadó). The oldest unit of the pre-Ñadó sequence (La Florida Rhyolite) was dated at 30.81 ± 0.17 Ma and 31.71 ± 0.27 Ma by the U-Pb method in zircon, and can thus be related to the Oligocene felsic magmatism of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). All other sequences can be temporarily correlated with previously reported episodes of late Miocene volcanism in the TMVB. The Ñadó composite volcano was built up during late Miocene by multiple effusive events of dacitic composition, including the emplacement of several lava flows, a spine (Peña Ñadó), and a dome (Cerro Pelón). This acid volcanism was contemporaneous with mafic volcanism, represented by scoria cones and basaltic lava flows. Finally, the post-Ñadó stage is represented by a series of andesites, ignimbrites from Amealco and Huichapan Calderas, mafic volcanism, lahars and fall deposits from Temascalcingo volcano. The geochemistry of the rocks shows some typical characteristics of subduction zones, such as enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) compared to high field strength elements (HFSE), negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, as well as positive anomalies of Ba, K, Pb y Sr. The rare earth elements (REE) show an enrichment of light REE with respect to heavy REE, except for the Oligocene La Florida rhyolites, which show REE patterns with a typical “seagull” shape, which suggests a different origin compared with the younger samples. Geochemical characteristics suggest that the main petrological mechanism during the Ñadó evolution was the AFC.

The genus Equus is the last member of the Equidae family whose evolutionary history is about 55 million years. This horse is abundant in Mexican Pleistocene deposits. Elements of the distal extremities (third metacarpals and metatarsals, first and second phalanx of the third digit) of three horse species (Equus cedralensis, E. conversidens and E. mexicanus) from three localities of Mexican Rancholabrean (0.21–0.16 a 0.095 Ma) were analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques. The aim is know whether the shape of each element studied differs between species of horses and also find some ecomorphological connection (form vs. substrate). The results prove the existence of three different groups related with the three species of horse registered in the localities studied; also, the existence of diagnostic elements for the differentiation of the three species of the late Pleistocene horse in Mexico. Based on the three diverse morphotypes is deduced that the species could live in different microhabitats and therefore be able to coexist in the same macrohabitat. Finally, the diversity of morphotypes suggests heterogeneous environments in the study localities.

Lake Atitlan (Guatemala) is located in the transit region of the tropical cyclones formed in both the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Every year, these phenomena cause abundant and intensive rain fall which in turn provokes floods associated with the formation of destructive flows. This paper aims to deepen the knowledge of such processes and the prediction of their spatial distribution. The work was carried out in the Tzununá basin, taking as reference phenomena Hurricane Stan (2005) and Tropical Storm Agatha (2010). When they passed through the region, maximum rain falls of 383 and 269 mm were registered on two consecutive days. In this work, the geomorphological method was developed and flows were simulated with different rheological properties using FLO-2D software. The geomorphological detailed exploration field work has been essential and has allowed the validation of some of the model results. It has also enabled us to discard others wich are not representative of real conditions. The integration of the results of both methodologies has made possible the creation of a more detailed and validated inundation susceptibility map.

The Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, is an actively spreading ocean basin, part of the system of spreading axes and transform faults extending from the East Pacific Rise to the San Andreas fault.&nbsp; Upward migration of hydrothermal petroleum in the basin rifts occurs by both bulk transport and high temperature/pressure aqueous and supercritical gaseous (e.g. CO2, CH4) fluid phases into the seabed sediments. The resulting mounds are laden with the youngest hydrothermal petroleum known to date.&nbsp; The north rift hydrothermal system has been dormant for ~ 3000 years, and organic geochemical analyses of sediment samples collected by both piston and push corers and by dredging operations from various cruises to the Gulf of California show that the organic matter is composed primarily of autochthonous lipids from marine biota, overprinted by hydrothermal petroleum. The chemical composition of this petroleum indicates severe biodegradation for exposed samples, based on the contents of aliphatic, aromatic, steroid, and hopanoid biomarkers. Sulfurized lipids are enriched in the biodegraded oils. Both hydrothermal minerals and petroleum in the mounds of the north rift seabed have been weathered by oxidative/microbial processes.