Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Portada Revista Virtual UCN - Número 56

Introduction: community acquired pneumonia is a health problem that has not yet been resolved and in Guantanamo the influence of the seasons of the year on its frequency has not been clarified.Objective: to determine the morbidity and mortality due to severe pneumonia acquired in the community in said unit during 2018.Method: a retrospective study of the total number of patients admitted (N=85) for this cause was made. The variables studied were: age, sex, severity index, comorbidity, stay in the unit, need for mechanical ventilation, state at discharge. All related to the seasons.Results: the largest number of patients admitted during the winter (35.3%). There was no significant relationship between the season of the year and the sex variable (p<0.05), but with age, stay in the unit, comorbidity, risk of respiratory failure and need for treatment with mechanical ventilation (p<0.05).Conclusions: the morbidity of severe pneumonia acquired in the community showed a seasonal distribution, since in winter its frequency was higher, but it did not determine its lethality, which was more mediated by the comorbidity of the patient.

A clinical-pathological case was reported, diagnosed at the "Joaquín Albarrán" Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital in Havana. In this entity, an 85-year-old female patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was presented, admitted due to arterial insufficiency of the lower left limb, for which she underwent supracondylar amputation and died on the third day of her hospital stay. At the autopsy, the pathological diagnosis of Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis of vessels of the uterus was reached. This is a form of arteriosclerosis closely related to old age, but risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease can directly contribute to its development and progression. Its diagnosis is an incidental finding in histopathological samples.

Introduction: the quality of human resources training for health is a requirement of postgraduate medical education.Objective: to design a didactic modeling of the pathological Anatomy resident's training to perform the perinatal autopsy.Method: an observational and pedagogical study was carried out during the 2016-2018 period. The objective was met and the modeling that was done with the participation of 7 teachers and through a pre-experiment with 6 residents was validated.Results: 100% of the residents showed inadequacies in performing the perinatal autopsy, but these were corrected ostensibly after the application of a system of teaching tasks for this purpose. 100% of teachers showed conformity with the proposed modeling.Conclusions: the didactic modeling of the pathological anatomy resident's preparation to perform the perinatal autopsy contributes to a qualitatively superior didactic-methodological change in the training process of these residents.

Introduction: the education of patients with diabetes mellitus based on self-care of their health is a social requirement.Objective: design an educational intervention aimed at raising the preparation for self-care of diabetological health of elderly patients dispensed in the office No. 4 of the Teaching Polyclinic "Marcio Manduley Murillo", Centro Habana Municipality, Havana.Method: a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional and educational intervention study was carried out. The following variables were studied: age, sex, marital status, schooling, type of diabetes, evolution time, metabolic control and complications of this disease. The level of preparation of patients for self-care of diabetes health was explored. An educational intervention aimed at its preparation for self-care of diabetological health was designed, applied and validated.Results: it was more common for patients to be 65 to 69 years old (48.6%), were women (59.8%), divorced (25.0%), with a basic secondary school level (40.3 %), type II diabetes mellitus (90.4%) over 15 years of evolution (40.3%). 72.2% had uncontrolled disease and 52.2% evidence of target organ damage. Only 16.7% had an adequate level of preparation regarding diabetes mellitus, which improved up to 93.0% after applying an educational intervention.Conclusions: the need to educate patients about the topic and the viability of the educational intervention designed to achieve this purpose was expressed.

Introduction: in the General Teaching Hospital “Dr. Agostinho Neto” the level of professional adherence to the clinical practice guideline before pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation has not been explored.Objective: to determine the level of professional adherence to this guide during 2018.Method: during the year 2018 a descriptive, prospective study was approved, approved by the Ethics Committee. Eight professionals participated. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. The following variables were studied: professional opinion on the guide and its evaluation, diagnosis of professional adherence to the guide.Results: the total of the professionals (100.0%) expressed a mastery of their content, usefulness and said they were adhering to the guide. Four (57.1%) of the seven indicators that were considered in the evaluation adherence to the guide were evaluated in the Adequate category, one (14.2%) was evaluated in the Partially Adequate category and 2 (28.7%) in the category Unsuitable. In general, adherence to the guide was assessed in the Adequate category (85.7%).Conclusions: professional adherence to the guide was adequate, which was limited by the insufficient structure for the development of the medical care process for patients treated with mechanical ventilation and particularly for those affected by this type of pneumonia.

Introduction: infections associated with health care constitute a serious public health problem worldwide due to their frequency and high mortality.Objective: to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices to control in-hospital infections of healthcare personnel.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Santiago de Jinotepe Hospital in Carazo, Nicaragua, January-June 2017. The universe consisted of 345 hospital workers, including inmates of the medical career and the intentional sample or for convenience, from 53 suppliers. The variables used: occupational classification, level of knowledge about the definition of infections associated with health care (HCAI) and the effect of washing hands with water and soap to remove Gram-negative bacilli, as well as the evaluation of practices and attitudes related to the prevention of the IAAS.Results: cognitive deficit was found in the infections associated with health care and in the correct attitudes and practices in the care personnel for its prevention.Conclusions: there is a lack of knowledge about the infections associated with health care, as well as the exercise of correct attitudes and practices aimed at their prevention, for this purpose, a training program should be designed at this level of care to try to reduce HCAIs.

Introduction: oral cancer is a health problem that affects a significant group of people.Objective: to identify the clinical-epidemiological behavior of oral cancer in the province of Guantanamo in the 2007-2018 period.Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was the 252 patients with histopathological diagnosis of the disease. The following variables were studied: triennial involvement, age, sex, origin, oral topography, clinical extension and morphological type.Results: the highest percentage of the patients belonged to the male sex (69.4%), were over 60 years old (69.8%), came from the Guantánamo municipality (42.9%). The lesions were located mainly in the tongue (37.3%) and floor of the mouth (19.0%) and extended to the buccal complex (52.8%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type (94%).Conclusions: in Guantanamo, oral cancer is an unsolved health problem that mainly affects the geriatric population and the male sex, which requires attention in advanced stages of the disease.