Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Quiero empezar estas palabras expresando mi reconocimiento al jurado convocado por el Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH), queme atribuyó el Premio “Silvio Zavala”, edición de 2018, por mi trayectoria en la disciplina de Historia de América Colonial.

El filósofo mexicano Leopoldo Zea fue uno de los mayores exponentes delpensamiento latinoamericano en el mundo. Buscó incansablemente despertarla conciencia de la latinoamericanidad y el reconocimiento de la región en elconcierto global. Su magna obra tuvo como eje y esencia a nuestra América.

This paper is about Charles V and Philip II construction of imperial concept, founded in a solid tradition that goes from Dante Alighieri’s Monarchia to the writings of Mercurino Arborio da Gattinana, the very Grand Chancellor of Charles V. Simultaneously, the papes deals with the issue of the Right of Patronage. Its origins in the age of Reyes Católicos and its further expansions at the end of 16th Century are investigated in order to propose how the Castilian crown developed cesaropapist features not much different from the Anglican ecclesial system.

Introduction: at present, the aging of the Cuban population increases the demand for comprehensive care of older adults and emerges the social importance of the primary caregiver of older adults.Objective: to characterize primary caregivers of the elderly in the family doctor's office no. 3 “La Punta” attached to the “Hermanos Martínez Tamayo” University Polyclinic, Baracoa, Guantanamo, during 2018.Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, supported by the quantitative methodology. The universe was made up of 80 primary caregivers of the elderly, of which 21 were chosen through intentional sampling. These were characterized according to the following variables: age, sex, education, marital status, kinship bond. Self-esteem and lifestyle were also evaluated. The information obtained was presented in tables and summarized by absolute frequencies and percentages.Results: the highest proportion of caregivers were 60 years of age or older (52.4%), were women (90.5%), with married marital status and consensual union (28.6 and 19%, respectively), level Pre-university schoolchildren (42.8%) and were caretaker daughters (38.0%).Conclusions: the characterization of primary caregivers of the elderly of the doctor's office of the family No. 3 “La Punta” attached to the University Polyclinic “Hermanos Martínez Tamayo” during 2018 revealed the presence of factors that presuppose their vulnerability to the limited fulfillment of their functions , among those who distinguish themselves: inadequacies in their lifestyle and self-esteem.

Introduction: the international movement of help against alcoholism Alcoholics Anonymous, consists of communities of men and women who share their mutual experience, strength and hope to solve the problem of common alcoholism and help others in their recovery.Objective: to demonstrate the social repercussion of the Alcoholics Anonymous groups in patients detoxified in the service of the Psychiatric Hospital of Guantanamo during January and December 2016.Method: an observational, descriptive study was carried out where a questionnaire elaborated by the authors and validated by psychologists. The population and the sample consisted of 140 patients belonging to the Guantanamo municipality.Results: the masculine sex was the most representative, the age of beginning of the ingestion of alcoholic drinks was marked between the 11 and 39 years, considering that they had to receive medical aid the greater percent, being these attended in the service of deshabituación of the hospital psychiatric hospital and day hospital for alcoholics, in addition to community psychotherapy. The surveyed patients consider that they are discriminated against by society.Conclusions: the success of Alcoholics Anonymous is that all those who belong to the group have a critique of the disease and can share their own experiences in psychotherapy with a safe support and continuous monitoring, always at the side of the professional community, experience that in Guantánamo has been gaining benefit to these patients.

Introduction: Guantanamo does not specify the surgical treatment of patients with thyroid tumors.Objective: to specify the surgical treatment of patients with thyroid nodules in the General Surgery Department of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto "during the period 2016-2018.Method: a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was made. The results of the paraffin biopsy, TIRADS classification (ThyroidImaging Reporting and Data System), surgical techniques and postoperative complications were studied.Results: thyroid carcinoma was more frequent (52.8%). 29.1% of the patients were grouped in the TIRADS II category. In the TIRADS III category, multinodular goiter was more common (n=6); in TIRADS IV, the carcinoma (n=4); all patients in categories V and VI presented carcinomas. The most used technique was hemithyroidectomy with itsmectomy (47.2%). Complications were recorded in 7 patients and the most common was transient recurrent paralysis.Conclusions: Thyroid carcinoma was more frequent. The usefulness of the TIRADS classification for the management of these patients is revealed. It was under the registry of complications.

Introduction: the technologist in Health Rehabilitation needs to improve himself in order to increase his knowledge in teaching and research to improve professional performance.Objective: to develop a strategy aimed at increasing the participation of technologists in Health Rehabilitation in actions aimed at their professional development.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 25 Technologists in Health Rehabilitation of the University of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo in the period 2016-2017.Results: 100.0% of the technologists expressed needs for improvement regarding the contents of Research Methodology and 92.0% regarding the contents of Pedagogy. A strategy was designed and implemented to solve these needs that allowed 92.0% to receive pedagogical preparation and 96.0% to receive preparation on Research Methodology.Conclusions: it is concluded that the strategy that was designed and implemented makes it possible to increase the participation of technicians in Health Rehabilitation in actions aimed at their professional development, which means a contribution to a qualitatively superior transformation in their professional performance in teaching and research functions.

Introduction: the ambulatory neurological demand has been growing steadily. There are few statistical data on neurological diseases in our population.Objective: to characterize the neurological morbidity of the "Ramón López Peña" Polyclinic in the period from January to December 2018.Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study of 247 patients who attended the Neurology clinic of the "Ramón López Peña" polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December 2018. The variables studied were age, sex, neurological diseases, etiopathogenic groups, origin of remission and diagnostic concordance.Results: the female sex predominated with 63.9% and the age group between 55 to 64 years represented by 61 patients for 25%, the most frequent neurological disease was headache with 63 patients, for 25.5%, followed by epilepsy with 34 patients (13.7%) and polyneuropathies with 31 patients (12.5%), the patients were predominantly referred by the family doctor and there was no diagnostic agreement in a third of the patients for a 37, 44%.Conclusions: the most frequent neurological disorder was headache, in females from 55 to 64 years of age and the remissions were mostly made by the family doctor, there was no diagnostic agreement in a considerable percentage of the cases, which denotes the need to overcome at all levels in the knowledge of the semiology and pathology of the nervous system.

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the conditions that most increase maternal morbidity and mortality. The incidence varies from 1:40 to 1: 100 pregnancies. It is characterized by implantation of the embryo into the peritoneal cavity, outside the fallopian tube, the ovary and the broad ligament of the uterus.Objective: to familiarize Timorese general practitioners with the clinical characteristics, etiopathogenesis and diagnosis and management of this obstetric condition.Method: A clinical case of abdominal ectopic pregnancy was presented attended by a multidisciplinary team of Cuban professionals collaborating at the Hospital Referal Maubisse (Democratic Republic of Timor Leste). Literature on the subject was reviewed in electronic databases (SciELO, ClinicalKey, RedALyC, Scopus, PubMed, Clinical Evidence, Cochrane). A selection was made by title and summary by the three authors, in case of finding a difference it was submitted to a fourth evaluator.Results: the clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography made it possible to diagnose abdominal ectopic pregnancy with dead fetus. Laparotomy was performed and a 17-week fetus was found in a state of mummification and aseptic maceration, located at the bottom of Douglas's sac. It was possible the complete extraction of the placental tissue without transoperative complications and satisfactory evolution.Conclusions: the clinical picture is nonspecific and although the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound is recognized, as there are no specific signs and in the absence of characteristic ultrasound images, an exploratory laparotomy is essential.

Introduction: information and communication technologies are present in all spheres of social, labor and educational life.Objective: analyze models that are used in learning processes with the use of information and communications.Method: a pedagogical study was carried out where some of the models that are used recently in the learning processes were analyzed and emphasis is placed on the need to implement training actions to eliminate the digital and cognitive gaps that exist in many countries.Discussion: one of the most important characteristics of collaborative work through social networks is that the media makes it easier for users to be connected and to be able to share the content they generate on a global scale.Conclusions: information and communication technologies foster a significant change in the methodological and didactic order within any organization or educational institution.