Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Physical inactivity is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, that its considered the first cause of premature mortality in working-age worldwide. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk in drivers of public transport from Cochabamba city. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted; 66 drivers of both sexes, of the public transport system, over 18 years participated. The information was collected using the WHO STEP questionnaire, about the sociodemographic profile, risk behaviors, clinical and laboratory parameters. For the statistical analysis Chi-square (x2), t-test, and ROC curve were used. Results: 56,1% had a low level of physical activity; 4,5% with moderate cardiovascular risk. The drivers with moderate cardiovascular risk presented a lower physical activity (average: 480 ± 831 MET [Metabolic Equivalent]) than those with low cardiovascular risk (855 ± 1172 MET), this difference being statistically significant (p=0,035); being more low in elderly drivers, those low schooling and between 10 to 20 years of active work in the transport service. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant association between low physical activity and increased cardiovascular risk in public transport drivers in the city of Cochabamba.

Introduction: Chemical pleurodesis adheres the pleura to prevent pulmonary collapses, the beneficial result of the procedure as a treatment is determined according to whether or not there is a symptomatic effusion or pneumothorax. Objective: To describe the percentage of pleural effusion or recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in subjects older than 18 years who were taken to pleurodesis with iodopovidone in a University Hospital of third level in Bogotá. Methods: Descriptive study of case series. We studied 30 patients with pleural effusion and spontaneous pneumothorax who were taken to pleurodesis using different techniques between January 2011 and May 2014 in a third level University Hospital in Bogotá. All patients older than 18 years who presented the pathologies described above and who underwent chemical pleurodesis with Yodopovidona were included in the study. We excluded patients under 18 years and who underwent pleurodesis by other techniques or with other substances. 14 patients met the inclusion criteria. The data was collected by reviewing medical records. The statistical analysis was performed using frequency tables, calculation of central tendency measures and percentages. Results: The average age was 61,85 years. 57,14% of the patients presented malignant pleural effusion. A complete response to pleurodesis in a one-month follow-up was presented in 13 of the patients evaluated. Pain was reported as the only adverse effect. The average length of hospital stay was 15 days. Conclusion: Based on the present study and others, it can be considered that Yodopovidona is a safe, effective, easy to obtain and low cost agent for the performance of chemical pleurodesis.

Introduction: Inside the problematic of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of infant pathology, the poor education respect to how they develop and the lack of knowledge in relationship to the metabolic diseases, that entrails to this phenomenon, not being identificated by parents nor tutors of the infant, leading up as a risk factor to the development of these diseases and their complications that can be fatal. Objective: Know the age, genre and ethiology in which Diabetes Mellitus Type I is mostly presented inside the selected population. Identify the predisposing factors for its developing, initial symptomatology and most frequent complications. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, based on records of patients who have been treated regarding this pathology. A total population of 51 patients with a history of Diabetes Mellitus type 1, taking a sample of 49 cases. Results: The feminine gender with 27 cases presenting itself with a peak of incidence at 14 years compared with the male gender with 22 cases and a peak of incidence at 16 years. The most frequent etiology in both genre was autoimmune, representing 79% of the cases. Obesity was present in the 12%, in contrast with patients that didn’t presented any risk factor (75%). In respect of initial symptoms; hyperphagia was the most frequent, followed up by polydipsia weight loss and polyuria. The principal complication was ketoacidosis with a 35% frequency. Conclusion: In the pediatric population with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Honduras, autoimmune etiology predominates, mostly developing in the feminine genre.

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment widely used as a renal replacement therapy in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, one of its most frequent complications is peritonitis associated mainly with poor technique in the realization of it. Objective: To determine the incidence of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis in a second level hospital in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, transectional study was conducted. We reviewed clinic files of patients who had renal replacement therapy as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis attended in 2017. Results: In 2017, 18 patients were treated with a diagnosis of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis. 11 men and seven women with an age range of 20 to 71 years. The incidence rate was 52 per 100 patients, the rate of peritonitis was 1,33 episodes per patient per year. The symptoms present in the patients were pain, cloudy effluent liquid. The main cause of Chronic Kidney Disease was diabetic nephropathy. The most frequent etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus. The average time to develop peritonitis was 11,3 months. One patient required catheter replacement with adequate function and five patients changed to hemodialysis. Conclusion: The incidence rate of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis is high than expected. In the selection of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, continuous training for the patient and caregiver should be insisted on to decrease the frequency of this complication.

Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are infrequent anomalies caused by discontinuity between middle tunic of aorta and the valvular ring. Generally, they are asymptomatic while they are intact, most of them are diagnosed after to a rupture. They affect with more frequency males and its rupture mostly occur in young adults; this defect can be a cause of heart failure. In some cases, can occur as sudden death. Its diagnosis requires imaging studies and its treatment is usually surgical. It is presented the case of an 18 years old female patient, who consulted for symptoms of heart failure. Upon physical examination, It was found hipotension with a displaced tip shock, murmur auscultated in all auscultatory sites and it was irradiated to left armpit, presence of jugular ingurgitation and ascites. Chest radiography revealed cardiomegaly and the transthoracic echocardiogram showed rupture of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Suspect the rupture of the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm at the presence of heart failure symptoms and murmur, allows the successful correction of the defect.

Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis produced by pigment-producing fungi known as dematiaceous, commonly after a previous traumatic process. Currently the incidence of this pathology is unknown. We present the case of a 64-year-old man from the community of Coyomeapan, Puebla, Mexico, who came for lack of healing of an ulcer in the right popliteal socket generated by burning with an oil lamp four years ago. Referring pain with mild difficulty in ambulation and without evidence of active bleeding. Scraping of the lesion was performed with the presence of fumagoid cells. Cladophialophora carrionii was isolated on Boreli Agar. Treatment was started with terbinafina for recovery. The knowledge of this type of mycosis increases the possibility of an early and accurate diagnosis to avoid complications derived from the chronicity or delay of the diagnosis.

Morbid obesity appears as final stage of obesity. It is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin characterized by excessive accumulation of fat or hypertrophy of adipose tissue, causing hygienic problems, functional disability, affecting the quality of life. It is presented a male patient of 66 years old, with severe hanging panniculus adipose, reaching both knees with skin involvement, functional limitation, dependent mobilization and disability to perform daily activities, is a patient with high risk and severe abdominal lipodystrophy. Functional Abdominal Dermolipectomy was performed with resection of 20 kg of dermo-fat tissue. There were no complications and his social reincorporation was achieved. Functional Abdominal Dermolipectomy is the only option for treatment of patients with a pendulum belly. By applying adequate perioperative care, the number of complications is reduced and socially reintegrated into a handicapped patient who, due to the enormous abdominal skirt, was limited for many years.

It is present a case of teenager without comorbidities, who had recurrent respiratory infections during three months without improving besides proper medical treatment. Imaging post-hospitalization control documented in imaging studies a right lower lobe lesion with endobronchial grow and bronchoscopy confirmed a growing into the lumen tumoral mass of such lobular bronchi. A biopsy was performed and an pathological study reported carcinoid tumor typical type. Even though it is a rare entity, carcinoids tumors are neuroendocrine neoplasms that can be found in the respiratory system among this population group and it should be considered in a repetitive respiratory infections scene. Imaging studies should be part of every patient evaluation that course with complications as well as a tool for other entities differential diagnosis.

RESUMEN: La vivienda social en México ha dejado de serun servicio público para ser un producto de mercado.Debido a presiones de la demanda habitacionalgeneradas por el crecimiento poblacional y factorespolíticos y económicos, las instituciones del Estadose transformaron en reguladoras, dejando el diseño,la producción y comercialización de vivienda sociala desarrolladores privados. La problemática de lavivienda social reclama soluciones que consideren sunaturaleza multifactorial con un enfoque humanista, sindejar de lado la realidad política, cultural y económica.En este ensayo se presenta el diseño participativocomo una metodología para abordar los retos queenfrenta la vivienda social en México. En la actualidadexiste un cuerpo de conocimiento sólido denominado“arquitectura social”, que brinda herramientas paradesarrollar estas soluciones a través del diseño. Seconcluye que el diseño puede ser un aliado para mejorarla satisfacción del usuario y es el principal reto para elEstado y los desarrolladores.ABSTRACT: Social housing in Mexico has evolvedfrom a public service to a market product. Housingdemand pressures generated by population growth,external and internal political and economic factors,and state institutions transformed into regulatorshave left the design, production and commercializationof public housing in the hands of private developers.Public housing requires solutions that consider itsmultifactorial nature with a humanistic approach. Thiscan be achieved without discarding the political, culturaland economic reality of Mexico. This research enlists aparticipatory design method to reveal the challengesof public housing in Mexico. Findings are that “socialarchitecture” presents an interesting tool in developingsolutions through design which may improve residentialsatisfaction, while also remain the greatest challengefor both the state and developers.   

RESUMEN: La batería de Peñas Altas fue la últimafortaleza construida para completar el sistemadefensivo tradicional de la bahía de Matanzas, Cuba.En este trabajo revelamos nueva información através del análisis de planos inéditos, documentaciónhistórica y reconocimientos arqueológicos. A partirde ello planteamos que Peñas Altas fue erigida entrediciembre de 1819 y 1820, contrario a lo asumido porla historiografía que data el inmueble hacia 1818- 1819.Se destacan cuatro momentos en la evolución de labatería: planeamiento y construcción (1818-1827),remodelación (1840-1850), ampliación (1876-1886) yuna última remodelación en 1907. Peñas Altas funcionócomo fuerte militar durante todo el siglo XIX. Luego fueutilizado como polvorín y estación de policía, hasta quefue demolido en 1962. De este significativo patrimoniohistórico matancero quedan algunos muros querepresentan sus diferentes etapas constructivas conpotencial para convertir este espacio en un parque dememoria patrimonial.ABSTRACT: The coastal battery of Peñas Altas wasthe last fortification to complete the defensive systemsurrounding Matanzas Bay, Cuba. This researchoffers new information gathered from the analysis ofunpublished maps, historical archives, and a preliminaryarchaeological survey. Such information has allowedus to limit the construction of the fortification betweenDecember 1819 and 1820, and not in 1818- 1819 asassumed by traditional historiography. Four importantmoments in its evolution are identified: planning andconstruction (1818-1827), remodeling (1840-1850),expansion (1876-1886), and a second remodeling in 1907.Peñas Altas functioned as a military post throughoutthe nineteenth century, and later became a policestation and munition warehouse until its demolition in1962. Only few walls and part of the platform remain,however, they represent an important part of the lostheritage with potential for further research and tourismdevelopment.