Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Confronted with a social crisis and violence associated with inherited lack of political unity in the feudal universe, since its inception modern political philosophy focused on the conceptual consolidation of State’s sovereignty: the only way to ensure the safety of individuals and peace. However, liberalism and concern for ensuring the rights of individuals against the State is also a distinguishing feature of modern political thought. These two contradictory trends are present in the birth and development of contemporary Public Law. The intention of this study is to return to the origins of the concept of sovereignty in modern political philosophy to encompass not only a key element of Public Law, but also to establish possibilities for a fresh look on the contemporary debate on a constituent power

Constitutional change is and ought to be of permanent concern, but never as an end itself. Such a change must correspond to demands of civil society and international relations. It must also correspond to horizons of politics traced by democratic leadership. Finally, constitutional change needs to respond demands of social progress identifi ed with justice, liberty, equality and peace in human community. It is convenient and proper tothink in renewing the road toward the fulfi lment of the above-mentioned targets, without waiting for others who argue for change along the lines of ideologies, being revolutionaries or counterrevolutionaries.

No presenta resumen

No presenta resumen

Protracted Phonological Development (PPD) features phonological patterns that persist beyond expected during development, decreasing intelligibility (Dubasik & Ingram, 2013). This study aims at describing the phonological patterns in Chilean children (3.0 to 3.11 years of age) with PPD, within the Nonlinear Phonology background. This objective sprung from the need to study the suprasegmental and segmental patterns of Chilean children with PPD, given that no research has been conducted based on the Nonlinear Theory among Chilean children. The sample consisted of 5 Chilean children. They had all been diagnosed with PPD and attended kindergartens in Valparaíso, Chile. These children were administered the Spanish Word List, which allowed to obtain a corpus of 500 words. The corpus was later analyzed by means of the suprasegmental measures: i.e.: Whole Word Match (WWM), Word Shape Match (WSM) and segmental measures, expressed in Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC). Results showed that these children with PPD performed high on accent patterns (99.2%), but at deficit levels on the WWM measures (with 52.2% of correct answers), on the WSM measures (with 73.4%), and on PCC measures (with 89.2%). Consequently, this research provides empirical evidence regarding suprasegmental and segmental alterations in children with PPD, since the values herein obtained are not aligned with the Typical Development (TD) observed in other studies.

The present research aims to study the correlation between auditory sequential memory capacity (ASM), auditory integration (AI) abilities, and phonological performance in 24 children with expressive specific language impairment, with an age range between 3 and 3 years and 11 months, who attend a special language school. Participants were evaluated through two subtests of the Illinois Psycholinguistic Aptitudes Test (an ASM subtest and an AI subtest), and the Test to Evaluate the Phonological Simplification Processes Revised (TEPROSIF-R). The results indicate a statistically significant correlation between sequential auditory memory, auditory integration and phonological performance. When analyzing the data by dividing the sample into two age groups. When analyzing the data dividing the sample into two age groups, we observed that, for the age group between 3 and 3 years and 5 months there is a statistically significant correlation between auditory sequential memory, auditory integration and phonological performance. For the age group from 3 years 6 months to 3 years 11 months the same trend is observed without reaching statistically significant values. This suggests that the relationship between these variables decreases as children approach their fourth year of life.

This study assesses the effectiveness of a therapy using Bucco-phonatory training practices with buccal devices and immersive virtual reality (RVI) through programs designed to stimulate states of relaxation and interaction in different virtual environments. In order to do so, an integrated therapy based on Intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area, daily lingual exercises with a lingual exerciser device, and exposure to images and sounds using RVI was applied to a group of 6 children diagnosed with dyslalia. The results of this intervention were compared with those obtained in an intervention based only on intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area (conducted on a a group of 20 children diagnosed with dyslalia). Finally, the integrated therapy of intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area, lingual exercises, and RVI was applied to a group of children with autism. The results showed that therapy with oral devices combined with RVI tended to produce greater advances than therapy without RVI. In addition, individual differences in group advances in the phonetic domain were observed depending on the initial speech skills, children with better abilities presented greater advances. The group of children with autism progressed less than the other two groups. Even considering the limitations of this study, such as the heterogeneity in terms of group size and age, results can be considered as promising for future studies.

Over the last years, the need of an inter/multidisciplinary framework has been advanced within clinical contexts that might integrally explain language alterations. This need is even more relevant when diagnostic categories that have been proposed describe mostly the damage, but they do not explain underlying causes. Thus, the aims of this work are: (1) identifying the altered neurophysiological and neuropsychological factors, from a Lurian neuropsychology perspective, in a child with language deficits and, (2) carry out a linguistic analysis of phonological errors to determine the relation between both facts A single-case study was implemented, and qualitative analysis was conducted to describe the child's phonological deficits. Results showed that the child had a wide range of phonological alterations: assimilation, substitution, omission, and insertion, all of them related with a deficit in kinesthetic analysis and synthesis mechanism, and sequential organization of movements and actions. These findings suggest that there is a relation between altered neuropsychological factors and type of phonological error observed. We propose that language deficits can be explained better if we consider a neuropsychologic and linguistic approaches. Finally, if a linguistic approach is including in the speech pathology clinical context, we can expect explain the observed phenomenon in a more integral way.

Durante las últimas décadas, los enterococos han emergido como importantes agentes etiológicos en bacteriemia, osteomielitis, endocarditis e infecciones del tracto urinario. La combinación de antibióticos ha sido la estrategia terapéutica más utilizada para dichas infecciones, buscando un potencial efecto sinérgico bactericida. Sin embargo, aparte de los modelos in vitro e in vivo, la utilidad clínica del tratamiento combinado genera controversia, especialmente en infecciones sistémicas no endocárdicas.Auque las combinaciones entre betalactámicos y aminoglicósidos o la terapia dual de betalactámicos, han mejorado las  tasas de curación de la endocarditis, aún no se ha esclarecido cuál es su tratamiento óptimo o si estas combinaciones también son útiles en otro tipo de infecciones graves sistémicas. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar y resumir los resultados obtenidos de diferentes modelos experimentales de combinaciones antienterocócicas y de los estudios clínicos disponibles en PubMed/Medline, a fin de  evaluar mejor la evidencia que soporta la utilización de estas combinaciones. En conclusión, la información disponible es escasa, y sugiere la necesidad de  mejores modelos in vivo y estudios clínicos que permitan comprobar la potencial actividad sinérgica de las combinaciones antienterocóciccas.