Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This essay offers an analysis between the public limited company and the limited liability company regulated by the Venezuelan Commercial Code, for which an exhaustive study was made based on the provisions contained in the commercial code, documents, national jurisprudence and literary productions. related to commercial companies, in order to determine, through the use of the comparative method, their coincidental and differential aspects, starting from ten tables referring to their characteristic elements: the signature, the social capital, the responsibility of the partners, the form of constitution, the administrators, the commissioner, the assemblies, the legal reserve, the dissolution and the liquidation, whose contrast grants a precise vision to the study of such societies. It was concluded that both companies maintain common characteristics and regulations, allowing the SRL to be classified as a capital company; and within those in which there is variation, the main differentiating gene is found in the form of capital; It was also established that the CA enjoys an organization well determined by the commercial legislator, as it has three (3) clearly defined bodies, a decision-making body called Assemblies, one management represented by the Administrators and a control body expressed in the Commissar; in the SRL, this is not the case, the existence of the decision-making body depends on the will of the partners and the control body of the amount of the share capital; which is why, in practice, one could find one with an incomplete social structure in its bylaws

Venezuela through a severe social, economic and political crisis, however, is a privileged, rich in natural resources, has an extensive infrastructure and professional talent that placed it among the countries with the highest rates of entrepreneurship early. In this context appear the idea of generating a polygon of innovation in Barquisimeto, a proposal for urban, social and economic renewal that seeks to become a sector of this city a centrality of working and mixed uses through innovation centers for training of entrepreneurs, single companies and areas of coworking, capable of attracting investors, national and international; linked with the universities of the region and proposing new recreational spaces, ways of living, mobility and living the city. Proposed innovation polygon is on 300 hectares, it will generate some 97,500 jobs, 458 accomodation for companies, 5,200 homes and 120 hectares of public space considering a new model of city that densify and diversify the use of the urban ground from technology and knowledge-intensive activities. For this purpose, is required the participation of the State, universities, private companies and the community; so it is proposed the creation of apromoter.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of agroecosystems dedicated to milk production in the municipality of Santana do Livramento - RS, as a way to clarify ecological and socioeconomic results to identify alternatives to aid producers in promoting sustainable development. Milk production in the municipality has been facing several problems, among which are the increased production cost and low value paid for the product, which threaten the future of this productive segment. Sustainability was evaluated in four dairy farming units, through the Analysis and Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems, to verify systemic sustainability attributes in accordance with the Economic-Ecological Analysis Method of Agroecosystems. It was found that the highest rates of productive intensity were in environmentally friendly management systems, using Voisin Rational Grazing, which increases economic autonomy, productivity and, consequently, income and autonomy over production processes. It was observed that agroecosystems with higher productive diversity tend to have higher conditions of response to adversity. Gender inequality in the family precludes women's representativeness, which may further alienate younger family members from productive activities. It is noteworthy that in no family there is complete satisfaction with the productive activity of milk and the final income, due to the increase of production costs and reductions in the amount paid per liter of milk. In conclusion, the sustainability of agroecosystems and the promotion of sustainable development in the municipality is linked to the level of management approach from the perspective of agroecology.

Success in vegetables production is closely linked to the quality of seedlings, using substrates in placeof the soil in the formation of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of lettuce and arugula seedlings using substrates produced with vermicompost along with sawdust and rice husks as conditioning agents. Two experiments were carried in Vilhena, Rondônia, using a completely randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme with seven replicates, corresponding to three substrates and two cultivars, for both lettuce and arugula. The proportion of the material was 1: 3 of the total volume of soil, of poultry manure and conditioning agent, using the earthworm Californian Redworm (Eisenia foetida). For the cultivars, both lettuce and arugula, the height of seedlings, the diameter of the colon, dry mass of shoot, roots, and total were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the evaluated treatments in relation to the dry mass of the roots of Crespa cultivar lettuce, but for the American cultivar, the treatments using vermicompost with conditioning agent the sawdust or rice husk were superior to the commercial substrate in relation to dry mass of the roots. Among the cultivars of the arugula, no significant difference was observed between the treatments on the variables evaluated. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that substrates produced from vermicompost with sawdust and rice husks as conditioning agents can replace the commercial substrate during the production of lettuce and arugula.

The aim of this research was to evaluate colony maintenance of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.), artificially fed in off-season. Twenty-two Africanized bee colonies housed in Langstroth hives were used and fed weekly on individual feeders with energetic (syrup) and protein (slurry ration) feed. The energy feed was composed of sugar and water at a concentration of 1:1. For protein feeding, three diets were formulated: treatment 2 (5.8% soybean, 11.8% wheat and 11.8% corn); treatment 3 (9.8% soybean, 9.8% wheat and 9.8% corn); and treatment 4 (14.7% soybean, 7.35% wheat and 7.35% corn) and beebread was used as a control treatment. The colonies were reviewed fortnightly. Was rated feed intake and the development of colonies by comb brood. It was found that there was no abandonment swarm during the experiment period. Control and treatment 2 were the most consumed diets, with the control treatment (beebread) showing a statistically significant difference from treatment 3 and treatment 4, and did not differ statistically from treatment 2. Treatment 3 and treatment 4 had the highest amounts of soy in the composition. It was verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the average of comb brood between the treatments. Artificial feeding in the off-season provides maintenance of Apis mellifera bee colonies.

This study had the objective to test the effect of soil fertilization with curauá’s vegetal extract (Ananas erectifolius) over the growth of individuals of curauá and paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) planted in consortium. The work was carried out in the experimental field of the company Tramontina Belém, municipality of Aurora do Pará, PA, Brazil. The experiment followed a fully randomized experimental design, with five treatments and four repetitions per treatment, totaling 20 experimental plots. The adopted planting spacing was 4 x 3 m among individuals of paricá and 0.80 m x 0.80 m among plants of curauá. The five treatments consisted in different concentrations of curauá’s vegetal extract: 100% extract; 75% extract and 25% water; (3) 50% extract and 50% water; (4) 25% extract and 75% water and (5) a control with 100% water. The curauá’s vegetal extract was applied in a monthly basis during six months and the assessed variables were: number and length of curauá’s leaves and height and diameter of paricá. From the results obtained, it is possible to observe that there was a positive effect of soil fertilization when the curauá’s vegetal extract was used in the concentration of 25% over the number and length of curauá’s leaves, as well as it is possible to infer that positive results occurred in the concentration of 75% over growth in height and diameter of paricá. The curauá’s vegetal extract can be used as organic fertilizer in consortium plantings, however studies in more detail are necessary to permit indications of more efficient concentrations for the growth of individuals of curauá and paricá.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (OEs) of mint (Mentha piperita L.), green peppermint (Mentha spicata L.) and peppermint arvensis (Mentha arvensis L.) in the growth of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., and in the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tuiuiu. For each essential oil (OE), concentrations of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%. The fungicide Derosal Plus® it is constituted the positive control at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. The variables analyzed were mycelial growth, sporulation, percentage of germination, blotter test, rate of emergence (IVE), shoot length and primary root, total fresh biomass, dry shoot and root biomass. Mentha OEs totally inhibited mycelial growth and fungal spore production. Mentha OEs had an inhibitory effect on seed germination and IVE, as well as reducing shoot length in bean plants. On the other hand, the oils did not affect the attributes total fresh biomass, dry shoot biomass, as well as the length of the primary root. Regarding sanity, all treatments promoted a lower incidence of fungi Aspergillus spp.; Alternaria spp.; Cladosporium spp. Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. when compared to the negative control.

Melon has high expenses with mineral fertilizers, highlighting the possibility of using alternative products such as biofertilizers. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the productive response of yellow melon, analyzing its performance against the use of different concentrations of liquid biofertilizer in the Bahian semiarid. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications, with control and 5 concentrations of biofertilizer: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, applied via leaf in the culture. Eight sprays were performed 30 days after planting. The longitudinal and transverse fruit length, longitudinal cavity length, pulp thickness, average fruit weight, yield, soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio were analyzed. The biofertilizer promoted increase of longitudinal length of fruits in increasing linear way, while the other variables were quadratically influenced, except for SS and SS/TA which presented cubic response. The use of liquid biofertilizer in the organic production system promotes improvements in the productivity and quality of melon.

The objective of this article is to discuss, as the PRONAF (National Program for Strengthening Family Farming) while it is a public policy of "Strengthening Family Farming" has contributed to the increase in the production of merchandise (commodities for export) in predominant areas of family farmers. Therefore, an investigation was carried out in areas of family agriculture not north of Rio Grande do Sul in 2017-18. Where, they will analyze some considerations on the agrarian structure, as well as the data of increase of the productivity and the area used in the production of the main export crops in the years 2000-2017. And also some considerations of the rural surroundings how this model of agriculture has degraded the environments, especially with the increase of the rates of application of pesticides to each year in Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil. As a result, it was observed that this model based on significant public financing has maintained rural poverty, indebtedness and dependence on some regions with strong primary production at the expense of other more industrialized regions. Finally, we present a discussion on the need to review the role of public policies that promote food security, recovery and environmental protection by promoting agroecology in areas with the presence of poor farmers in Brazil.

Due to its biological nitrogen fixation capacity, soybean cultivation has shown higher yields with the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. bacteria. However, the inoculation process can be influenced by several factors, including the fertilization performed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of different fertilizations on nodulation and development of soybean plants. For this, the organic fertilizations, based on cattle manure and poultry litter, chemical fertilization and a control treatment were tested, with or without Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. It was evaluated the plant height, leaf number, plant dry matter and the number and dry matter of nodules. The treatments with cattle manure showed the best results in all variables, with or without seed inoculation. Cattle manure is an excellent choice for soybean fertilization, since it allows a greater plant development and a higher number of nodules contributing to a higher yield at the end of the crop cycle.