Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: Las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria de los profesores permiten integrar coherentemente las funciones sustantivas de la universidad; así como el cumplimiento de la misión social de la Educación Superior. Deben ser objeto de especial atención, al igual que las mediaciones presentes en este proceso.Objetivos: Caracterizar las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria y determinar las mediaciones presentes en las prácticas comunicativas de los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana.Material y Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo con estudio de caso único inclusivo, con profesores de Medicina, Enfermería y Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana durante 2018 y 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión con profesores y estudiantes.Resultados: Se evidenció predominio del paradigma biologicista, de una comunicación transmisiva, de niveles bajos de participación, y una concepción distorsionada de la extensión universitaria. En estos aspectos median factores socioculturales, profesionales y sociales.Conclusiones: El enfrentamiento sistemático a resistencias culturales y la aplicación consecuente de la concepción inherente a un elevado nivel de participación, permitirá avanzar paulatinamente en la aplicación por los profesores, de prácticas comunicativas extensionistas más eficaces.

El objetivo es contribuir al conocimiento de la anatomía floral de Kallstroemia maxima y compararlo con otros géneros relacionados dentro de la familia Zygophyllaceae. Se utilizaron botones florales de 3 plantas de K. maxima recolectados el día previo a la antesis; se procesaron preparaciones permanentes y se hicieron observaciones a partir de fotomicrografías de botones herborizados. Se proporcionan descripciones de algunas estructuras anatómicas no descritas con anterioridad, como son: nectarios opuestos a los sépalos, presencia de un haz vascular compartido por un pétalo y el estambre opuesto a éste, engrosamientos helicoidales en las células epidérmicas de los márgenes de los pétalos, células papilares en la superficie abaxial de los pétalos cerca de su base, número de haces vasculares que irrigan a cada carpelo y la existencia de una cavidad interna en la base del estilo. Los resultados permiten distinguir mejor a K. maxima de los géneros afines dentro de las Zygophyllaceae.

The wilting of tomato (Fusarium oxysporum) promotes the excessive use of synthetic fungicides, which are not economically or environmentally viable. This work proposes the use of Methylobacterium extorquens to determine its effect on plant development and the signaling pathway, for the defense of tomato plants, against phytopathogens. From tomato seeds var. SUN 7705 embedded and plants sprinkled with the bacteria at a concentration of 109 CFU mL-1, were challenged to the plant with the fungus in two tests. Variables of root length in seedlings, plant height, leaf amplitude, yield, total dry weight of the plant and dry root weight were measured. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four repetitions was used, two plants formed the experimental unit. Likewise, an essay was carried out on the expression of defense genes, in tomato seedlings of the same variety. Significant statistical differences (p≤ 0.05) were found between treatments embedded and sprinkled with M. extorquens and the treatments inoculated with F. oxysporum and the controls, reflecting in the seedling root length, plant height, leaf amplitude, dry weight of the plant and the root, as well as in the yield. However, the genes encoding the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), protein (PR-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme group, were not significantly expressed in seedlings treated with M. extorquens.

Given the importance of creole maize for small farmers in Mexico and the need to take advantage of moisture in temporary crops, the objective of this work was to study the effects of osmoaconditioning treatments on maize seeds on the emergence, growth and phenology of the resulting plants. The treatments were water and a solution of AG3 at 0.3 g L-1 with two exposure times (12 and 18 h) in creole maize (Mején, Chalqueño and Negrito) and a commercial variety (VS-536). The variables observed were percentage and speed of emergency, growth, dry matter, days to flowering and NPK concentration. The experimental design in randomized complete blocks with factorial arrangement (4 x 2 x 2) had four repetitions and four control. The results showed that the variety factor was highly significant (p≤ 0.001) for the emergency percentage, where the Negrito creole with 12 h showed the highest value (76.8%) 3 days after sowing (dds), although the Mején showed higher emergency speed (4.6 seeds day-1) and higher growth rate (4.32 cm day-1 plant-1) at 11 dds. On the other hand, the Chalqueño creole reached the highest gain of dry matter (0.71 g day-1 plant-1) at 25 dds, while the Mején showed a smaller number of days to male and female flowering (48 and 55, respectively). The highest concentration of NPK in the plant was found in the VS-536 variety. It is concluded that osmoaconditioning treatments induce positive effects on the emergence, growth and phenology of the maize studied.

  Plants produce and emit volatile organic compounds, generally they are mixtures that are composed of terpenes, fatty acid derivatives and aromatic compounds. Volatile organic compounds serve plants for: reproduction, attracting pollinators or seed dispersers, as a defense to repel insects or stop colonization by phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, to attract natural enemies of herbivores and as intraspecific and interspecific messengers. Plants emit some volatiles especially when the vegetative parts are exposed to abiotic or biotic stimulation. Considering the foregoing, a bibliographic review was carried out, the purpose of which is to present the classification of volatile organic compounds in plants, to describe and indicate the characteristics of the extraction and identification techniques of volatile organic compounds, to present the advances reported in the scientific literature about these compounds induced by insects and their current situation in Mexico.

Ce travail présente la première étude minéralogique en spectrométrie infrarouge de réflexion dans le domaine lointain. Dans ce domaine, les spectres de réflexion sont surtout typiques pour les composes à force de liaison interatomique relativement faible (sulfures, oxydes d’ éléments de basse valence, halogénures, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates). En même temps, les composés chimiques a forces de liaison relativement élevées (silicates) présentent aussi des profils caractéristiques. Avec la spectrométrie Raman, cette méthode non destructive pourra aider à la résolution des problèmes actuels de minéralogie mais offre aussi des perspectives d’utilisation en géologie cosmique, volcanologie, planétologie et astronomie.

Background: Bladder cancer is generally classified as urothelial and non-urothelial. Non-urothelial bladder cancer accounts for less than 5% of all bladder tumors, and of those, 90% are of epithelial origin, including: squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. The remaining 10% are non-epithelial in origin (lymphoma, paraganglioma, sarcoma, etc.) Aim: To present the experience at our hospital center with non-urothelial bladder cancer and describe the patient characteristics Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted utilizing the medical records of patients with non-urothelial bladder cancer that were diagnosed and treated at our service within the time frame of 2004 to 2016, obtaining 7 cases. Results: Our study included 7 patients (5 men and 2 women) with a mean age of 46.8 years (range: 35-76 years). The main symptoms were hematuria (n = 4), lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 2), and mucosuria (n = 1). The histopathology reports stated:  3 cases of adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, one case of paraganglioma, and one case of lymphoma. The most frequent location was the bladder dome. The following treatments were carried out:    Adenocarcinoma (n = 3): partial cystectomy in 2 patients and only transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) in one patient; Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2): left nephroureterectomy + radical cystoprostatectomy in one patient, radical cystectomy  + pelvic exenteration in one patient, both patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy; Paraganglioma (n = 1): Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy in one patient;  Lymphoma (n = 1):   TURB + chemotherapy + radiotherapy in one patient. Two patients died from squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: Due to the rareness of such cases, it is difficult to standardize treatment and histopathology. However, in general, surgery is the best therapeutic option to prevent recurrence and improve survival. Organ-sparing treatments with individualized adjuvant therapies according to histopathology are recommended in some cases. Conclusions: The management of non-urothelial bladder tumors is complex and requires a multidisciplinary team. Squamous cell tumors are the most aggressive, with a high probability of locoregional extension. Experience with those tumors is limited in Mexico.

Introduction and objective: Overactive bladder syndrome is associated with motor disorders, such as hypertonic pelvic floor. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the characteristics of pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography (semg) in patients with overactive bladder treated with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (ptns).  Materials and methods: A prospective, observational, controlled study was conducted. Seventeen patients with treatment-refractory overactive bladder volunteered to undergo pelvic floor muscle semg before, during, and 72 hours after treatment with ptns. The study volunteers were divided into 2 groups: 14 in the ptns group and 3 in the placebo group. The inclusion criteria were overactive bladder progression of at least 6 months, urinary frequency of 8 or more daily episodes, and no medication use. The exclusion criteria were positive urine or semen cultures, lithiasis, biopsy and/or pelvic organ surgery, pelvic cancer, and central nervous system lesions. The variables were analyzed using the anova and the Tukey post-hoc test, with a 95% ci. The spss version 10.1. software was employed. Results: Mean patient age was 34.23±12.90 years and mean progression time was 19.58±12.08 months, with no statistically significant difference between groups. There were significant differences in the ptns group in the mean average semg (avg semg) in relation to preptns vs intraptns (0.125 µV) and preptns vs the 72-hour postPTNS (0.171 µV)   (p<0.05), whereas the differences in the mean Avg semgs of 0.013 µV and 0.006 µV in the placebo group were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The immediate change in the pelvic floor muscles that lasts up to 72 hours after ptns is a possible mechanism of action of the neuroplasticity resulting from tibial nerve neuromodulation.

Objective: Purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition. Neither the underlying disease nor the microbiology of those patients has been adequately reported or studied due to the small number of patients and the types of studies published. The aim of the present work was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with purple urine bag syndrome seen over a one-year period. Material and methods: A descriptive study was conducted, within the time frame of March 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017. The clinical characteristics and urine culture results of patients that came to the outpatient consultation of the urology service presenting with purple urine bag syndrome, were analyzed. Results: Twenty-three patients were studied. Nineteen percent of the patients were men and the mean patient age was 71.3 years. Five (21.7%) of the patients presented with diabetes mellitus and 4 (17.3%) with high blood pressure. Only 3 (13%) patients presented with a symptom associated with urinary infection. The most prevalent pathogen in the urine cultures was Klebsiella pneumoniae in 7 (30.4%) of the patients, followed by Escherichia coli.  Two patients presented with recurrence, but they had no symptoms or comorbidities. Limitations: Study limitations were its retrospective design and the descriptive statistical analysis. Conclusion: Based on the study population and findings, we believe purple urine bag syndrome is a clinical finding that presents in patients of both sexes that are chronic users of urinary catheters, and is most likely benign, given that a low percentage of patients present with symptoms. However, as stated in the literature, it is recommendable to change the catheter and bag, as well as to perform urine cultures and administer empiric antibiotic therapy in the patients that present with symptoms, to prevent later complications.