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This article studies non-verbal proverbs, as well as their evolution, from Medieval to Modern French. Three collections of proverbs have been analysed: for Medieval French Morawski (1925), for Preclassical French Gilles de Noyer (1558), for Modern French Delacourt (1996), complemented by other sources. Non-verbal proverbs establish a binary link of a paratactic kind. In the early stages, most of them are prepositional phrases with two clause constituents that are in close correlation: for instance, in Medieval French D’autrui cuir large corroie, A mal chat mal rat, Por un perdu deus retrovez, Après grant guerre grant paix. Non-verbal proverbs follow a small number of syntactic moulds or lexical matrixes (see Anscombre 2011). I have established for Medieval French 13 lexical matrixes in all, which can be classified in four large categories: A. GPrép GN De fol home fol sunge, A mal chat mal rat; B. GN1 GN2 Nature reverture; C. GN GPrép Fort contre fort; D. [ØN1] que [ØN2] Villain que villain. In Medieval French, the most frequent matrixes are 1 De [GN1] [GN2] De grant courroux grant amitié, 51 occurrences, and 2 A [GN1] [GN2] A bon cheval bon gué, 28 occ. Lexical matrixes have already evolved in Preclassical French in the Gilles de Noyer collection. In Modern French most of the medieval matrixes have disappeared. Matrix 1 De [GN1] [GN2] does not exist anymore, whereas matrix 2 A [GN1] [GN2] only has 8 occ. Aux grands maux, les grands remèdes. The most productive matrix in Modern French (45 occ.) is GN1 GN2 Tout nouveau, tout beau, Pas de nouvelles, bonnes nouvelles. My hypothesis is that this evolution is linked to the informational structure in topic + comment of these utterances.

The proverb and the fable are based on practical wisdom, based on modesty, simplicity and the quest for truth. By adapting the models of the aesopic tradition, medieval authors developed a moralization of fables, defending the humble and condemning ambitious clerics. The proverbial sentence and the proverb are for Eudes de Cheriton an excellent tool of moral edification.

It is widely accepted that proverbs are part of generic sentences, even though they show a very specific kind of genericity, generally seen as a genericity by saying and not based upon a state of affairs. If the genericity of proverbs seems quite obvious in usual case studies, it is not always so, and problems quickly arise: a) Some situational sentences and some proverbs show very similar surface structures, a fact that makes difficult to decide whether they belong to the first of the second category, as illustrated in: Il y a un Bon Dieu pour les ivrognes (proverb), Il y a de l’eau dans le gaz (situational sentence). b) Some sentences show personal pronouns or deictic marks that can result in an eventive interpretation or not, as can be seen in: Faites ce que je dis, ne faites pas ce que je fais (proverb), Hoy por ti, mañana por mí (situational sentence). c) Nominal sentences are far from having a clear status, due to the lack of inflected verb, as can be seen in: Juventud, divino tesoro (situational sentence), A bon entendeur, salut (situational sentence), Premier arrivé, premier servi (proverb), A buenas horas, mangas verdes (proverb). This study will attempt to show that the genericity of sapiential forms can be brought out by means of effective criteria essentially based upon aspectual properties, since the gnomicity of proverbs is opposed to the eventness of situational sentences.

Modernista literature has been identified as a precedent of historical avant-gardes. But the relevance of the Modernismo in the 20th century Latin American regionalist literature has not yet been appreciated enough. This study explores the relationship between the literary modernism and the regionalist literature by mean of a critical analysis of two novels by Carlos Reyles: Primitivo (1896) and El terruño (1916). Primitivo was Reyles’ first modernista novel and El terruño was one of the first Latin American regionalist novels. This analysis reveals that in 1896 Reyles found an excellent way to portray his autochthonous reality in the modernista code.

The purpose of this paper is to study the historical contact between Aragonese and Catalan lexicon, in the context of the Romance languages, taking into account the historical influence exerted by the Aragonese on the Valencian language, which is also influenced by other Eastern peninsular dialects. We have used a method based on Geolinguistics and documentation, in order to analyze some words from popular authors from Valencia and Aragon of the XVIIIth, XIXth and XXth centuries. This way, our study provides new data and new interpretations on the study of the linguistic contact between the peninsular languages. Also the study provides Valencian words not included in the dictionaries (coscarrana, a tassament), first documentations (acabacases, bolxaca, carasol, cútio, estrela, a la gatamau, monyica) and words used in Aragón not included in the DECH (acabacasas, bolchaco, botinchado, a gatomiau, tasamente), or included in the DECH but not in Aragón (botinchado, carasol).

In the framework of the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, this paper analyzes evidential and allusive points of view. While both reveal the dialogical character of all enunciation, their presence determines different ways of inscribing the utterance in the discursive chain, which in turn affects the construction of meaning and (inter)subjectivity. In fact, while the evidential points of view involve the identification of a previous discourse frame that is shown as the cause of the enunciation and that explains the subjective positioning of response manifested in the utterance, the allusive ones evoke, through different types of procedures, “other” discourses that must be recognized in the interdiscourse as part of the “discursive memory” and, in so doing, not only indicate a certain subjective positioning but also weave ties of intersubjective complicity.

This article analyzes the post-toponymic demonym from a morphological point of view. As is well known, because of its suffixal richness and of its derivational possibilities in Spanish, the morphological level is the most productive domain within the studies of post-toponymic demonyms. For this reason, we take up the taxonomic proposal of Ferreccio and Jocelin and work with an updated corpus (Kordic/Ferreccio), focusing on Chilean Spanish. Hence we present the most characteristic derivational aspects of the genetic process of the demonym, taking as operative unit the word and not the morpheme. We also stress some objections to the derivational mechanics and propose a typology of demonym and a classification of their polygenesis. The goal of this article is to show the many complexities in the creation of the post-toponymic demonyms, often subject to construction processes which go beyond pre-established rules.

Works on binary proverbs have constantly brought new thoughts to the involved researchers in order to define the sentencious postulate in its syntactic and semantic dimensions. The assumption of a semantic pattern of operation based on the involvement of the terms of the postulate developed first by Riegel, and then by Anscombre and Kleiber (as of 1994) establishes proverbial postulate. The implication, which connects the two parties of a binary proverb is certainly present in the vast majority of proverbs. In this case, the syntactical parties of the statement can be described through the semantic involvement and through parataxis or asyndeton syntactically because no formal element exists to specify the type of relationship established between both parties. In comparison to this system, however, some proverbs question the validity of this property for the overall majority of the proverbs. The objective of this research is to analyze the presence of other models (including case and copulative adversative coordination) because the syntactic structure can affect the semantic domain in the sense that the relationship between parties of the proverb may be significantly different.

The purpose of this article is to announce the finding of a lost manuscript that contains a 17th century Spanish translation of the Orlando furioso. Considering the circulation of Ariosto’s poem in Spain during this period, we offer a codicological description of the manuscript, we indicate the origin of the various paratexts that make it up, we compare it with the other golden translations of the text –focusing on the one of Jiménez de Urrea–, we focus on the task of rewriting carried out on it, and, finally, we judge the value that this translation has for both the Golden Age scholars and for any reader.

This article analyses the fictional spaces of Emilia Pardo Bazán’s first novel, Pascual López (1879), as a relaxed, burlesque and hybrid manifestation of the literary gothic which, in combination with other romantic narrative clichés, point to a literary exhaustion that runs parallel to the moral crisis incarnated by Pascual and Onarro, the two main characters. It examines how the production of Santiago in gothic terms, as a result of several discourses that underline its medieval and religious element, turns space into a scenario that portrays history as fall in line with conservative late-Romanticism but also foreshadowing decadentist Symbolism. The last part explores how the elusive presence of the fantastic tells about Pardo Bazán’s authorial and ideological evolution, but also about the complex periodization of 19th century literature, since it signals a non-realistic alternative canon that reached special growth in the 60s.