Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: Combatir el hambre y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de la población a nivel mundial forma parte de la Agenda 2030, por lo cual adquiere relevancia la revisión del estado actual de su investigación. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión analítica de los principales enfoques teóricos utilizados para el estudio de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en población infantil, los factores asociados y resultados más relevantes. Metodología: La búsqueda de trabajos se realizó en tres bases de datos de revistas científicas electrónicas. La selección se realizó con base en los siguientes criterios: a) que el tema principal fuese la seguridad alimentaria, b) que estudiaran la seguridad alimentaria de población menor de 18 años, c) que estudiaran la seguridad alimentaria en hogares y d) que en los resultados se hiciera referencia a hallazgos específicos sobre los hijos. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro enfoques teóricos principales: el neoclásico, el biomédico, el sociológico y el de modos de vida sostenibles. La mayoría de los estudios se han realizado desde el enfoque biomédico. Conclusión: La seguridad alimentaria es un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional, que no puede ser abordado sólo desde una perspectiva teórica, sino mediante enfoques holísticos y multidisciplinarios.

Objective. To compare the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute diarrheal disease (ADD) among children younger than five years of age living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018). In Ensanut 100k, we evaluate the associated factors. Materials and methods. Analysis of both surveys and of the Mexican Meteorological System. Results. The estimated prevalence of ARI was 45.1% in 2012 vs. 32.9% in 2018. The decrease was significant among medium and high-income households. There were no changes in trends for ADD. Among households with lower EC, ARI was associated with roofing material, temperature, and rainy precipitation while ADD was associated with lack of piped water. Conclusions. The estimated prevalence of ARI has decreased in medium and high income households. Some households and weather conditions are associated with ARI and ADD.

Objective. To describe the prevalence of hypertension (HBP) in adults with vulnerability, the percentage of them with previous diagnosis and the proportion that had adequate control. Materials and methods. Blood pressure was measured in 7 838 adults who participated in the Ensanut 100k. Those who self-reported the diagnosis of HBP or had systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥80mmHg were classified as hypertensive. Controlled blood pressure was considered when SBP was <130mmHg and TAD <80mmHg. Results. The prevalence of hypertension in adults with a vulnerability condition was 49.2%, of which 54.7% did not know had hypertension. Of the hypertensive patients who received pharmacological treatment (69.0%), 66.8% of them had blood pressure under control. Conclusions. Almost half of Mexican adults in vulnerable condition have HBP and of these more than half do not know that they have this disease. One third of hypertensive adults have inadequate control.

Objective. To assess changes in the magnitude of food insecurity (FI) in Mexican households in poverty from 2012 to 2018 and to analyze the association of FI with the access, availability and consumption of food. Materials and methods. Data on 4 464 households were drawn from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición in Mexican localities under 100 000 inhabitants (Ensanut 100k). We measured FI according to the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale and analyzed food access and availability on the basis of food expenditures while consumption through dietary diversity among women. Using multiple logistic regression models, we estimated: the association between FI and expenditures for food groups, and the association between FI and dietary diversity. Results. Moderate and severe FI remained stable at 43% from 2012 to 2018. Larger expenditures on sugar, oil and on eating out as well as meat and dairy products consumption were associated with a lower possibility of FI. Conclusions. It is important to integrate different dimensions of FI in order to reinforce its measurement and monitoring

Objective. Describe the prevalences and trends of overweight and obesity in population with social vulnerability and resident of localities with <100 thousand inhabitants. Materials and methods. In preschoolers, schoolchildren, adolescents and adults participants of the Ensanut 100k and Ensanut 2012, sociodemographic information and anthropometry was analyzed to stimate the prevalence and trends of overweight+obesity (Ow+O), obesity and abdominal obesity. Results. In preschool children the prevalence of Ow+O was 6%. In school children, adolescents and adults the prevalence of obesity was 15.3, 14.2 and 33.6%, respectively. In preschools with severe food insecurity, the prevalence of Ow+O decreased 35% between 2012-2018. In schoolchildren without program food aid, the prevalence of obesity increase 97% between 2012-2018. In adolescents without program food aid, the prevalence of obesity increase 60% between 2012-2018. In adults with moderate food insecurity, abdominal obesity increased 10% between 2012-2018. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of obesity in Mexican population with social limitations and seems to reach the rest of the population quickly but with significant structural disadvantages.

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A new subtidal bivalve species, Petricola ramirezi sp. n., is described from specimens collected from among cirripedian communities at Playa El Tabo (33º27’ S, 71º38’ W), central Chile. With a maximum recorded length of 16.3 mm, Petricola ramirezi is one of the smallest species in the genus found in the southeastern Pacific, and it is the fifth species from the subfamily Petricolinae recorded in Chile.

Diferentes mamíferos acuáticos están en los niveles más altos de la trama trófica, por lo que resulta importante comprender las interacciones entre las especies que coexisten en su ambiente. Este es el primer estudio de análisis de hábitos alimentarios en toninas (Tursiops truncatus) del sur del golfo de México, para laguna de Términos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar información sobre su alimentación, específicamente de especies ícticas. Los peces fueron identificados a través de otolitos encontrados como parte del contenido estomacal de toninas varadas, utilizando sus características morfológicas, así como la topografía de la cara interna. En total se analizaron 4,953 otolitos, identificando 34 especies ícticas pertenecientes a 18 familias, registrando que las de mayor preferencia fueron Ariidae y Sciaenidae, presentes en casi todas las temporadas y clases de edad. Además, se comprobó que las especies demersales representan más de la mitad de la dieta de las toninas y que la alimentación de T. truncatus es muy diversa en cuanto a peces presa, lo que permite comprender mejor las estrategias de alimentación, que en el presente estudio fue de tipo generalista. Finalmente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la alimentación entre ejemplares que formaron parte del estudio.

Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) host high biodiversity and endemicity and are severely threatened by illegal selective logging, deforestation, fragmentation and climate change. The fragments of TMCF present high heterogeneity over short spatial intervals and a regional forest restoration approach must therefore incorporate seedling performance throughout the TMCF elevation range. We examined early seedling establishment in 12 endangered and valuable TMCF species in the understory of unplanned selectively logged TMCF and assessed the influence of elevation and canopy cover on seedling performance. Tree seedlings (10-18 mo-old) were transplanted into restoration plantings in 6 forest sites along an elevation range (1,250 to 1,995 m) in Veracruz, Mexico. In each forest, 30 seedlings per species were planted and their survival and relative growth rates in height (RGRh) and basal stem diameter (RGRd) recorded, along with canopy cover. Survival was high for all species after one year (81.1 to 99.4%) and was unaffected by elevation. Canopy cover positively affected the survival probability of 3 species. Both RGRh and RGRd decreased at lower elevations in 4 species; however, overall growth rates were positive. Our results indicate a positive early seedling establishment response in the evaluated tree species under the TMCF canopy (66-97% of canopy cover).

In 1904, the Tamaulipas jackrabbit (Lepus altamirae) was described as a subspecies of Lepus merriami. In 1909, E. W. Nelson assigned L. altamirae to the white-sided group of jackrabbits, and in 1951, E. R. Hall reclassified it as a subspecies of black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus altamirae). Our comparison of the original 5 specimens of the Tamaulipas jackrabbit in the U.S. National Museum suggested this taxon had a close relationship to the whitesided jackrabbit, Lepus callotis. To validate Nelson’s placement of the Tamaulipas jackrabbit within the white-sided group, we conducted phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (MT-CYB). Our analyses of 2 specimens collected in 1898, suggest that L. altamirae is most closely related to Lepus flavigularis, a member of the white-sided group. Therefore, the Tamaulipas jackrabbit warrants taxonomic restoration as a species within the white-sided group of jackrabbits, which also includes L. callotis, L. flavigularis, and Lepus alleni.