Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this article is to do an analysis on some characteristics associated with the Central American migrant caravan that arrived in Piedras Negras, Coahuila in February 2019. 535 questionnaires were applied and 5 of the pilot test were added for a total of 540. In addition, 6 interviews were carried out with the local population; a hemerographic review of the local and regional press was made and various secondary sources and statistical information were consulted. Among the conclusions are: migrants leave their countries due to lack of work and economic opportunities; in addition to above, the conditions of insecurity and violence in their countries are relevant variables to make the decision to migrate; the goal is to reach the United States and ask for political asylum; in their transit through Mexico some faced abuse of Mexican authorities. The opinion of the local population of the caravan is ambivalent: both solidarity support and help from organized society, and rejection associated with the idea that migrants make use of resources that nigropetenses do not have.

This article aims to analyse the global and current discourse on migration, describing some aspects of the migration policies implemented by the United States and the European Union and thus enabling them to be compared, highlighting the similarities that characterize them. Methodologically, a literature review was made of several articles and texts focused on the analysis of the migratory phenomenon in the current and globalized context. Firstly, the immigration policy of the United States is analysed, then the policy of the European Union. One of the main results of this comparison is to identify differences and similarities in migration policies, especially highlighting that in both cases the political discourse starts from the need to respond to a threat, trying to justify the militarization of borders and the criminalization of the migrant as the result of a global struggle against illicit trafficking and human trafficking. Finally, it should be noted that these policies have not achieved their objectives, rather they have increased the risks for migrants.

The aging of the population is an important change that affects all facets of human life. The number of older adults is increasing, but this is not the problem, but the aging of the active population that makes the economy more vulnerable to the weakening of its growth. The City of Buenos Aires has an aging population since 1960. At that time, the population of 65 years and over already represented 9,1% and the process was so important that from 1991, a sixth of its population is located in that stratum. As of the 21st century, older adults have outgrown children. The intention of this article is to analyze the evolution of the aging of the population in recent years and its effects on the city's labor market. Based on a quantitative approach, the growth of older adults is investigated by sex, both in the potentially active population (PPA) and in the economically active population (PEA). Finally yet importantly, the objective of this article is to answer: What role do women play in the context of the ageing of the active population in the city of Buenos Aires? The empirical evidence shows that the ageing of the population has been transferred to the active population and that it is related to the increase of the female PEA.

The purpose of this article is to make known how in its attempt to develop the country, specifically during 1876 and 1891, different governments hand it to foreign capital. The concessions and contracts were the most convenient practical means to try to insert the country into the world economy. As a result of the different migration and colonization policies developed by the Honduran government during the period known as the Liberal Reform, in its eagerness to seek, encourage and favor foreign capital, the government was subject to its will. Despite this concessionary policy offered to those "promoters" to populate the vast and depopulated Honduran territory, the results were scarce, almost nil. The analysis of the primary sources consulted, such as the government gazettes and the reports of the Secretary of State in the Offices of the Interior, Justice and Development, as well as a bibliographical revision (in foreign and national publications), allowed to present how, the national resources were offered to the highest bidder.

The National Council for Evaluation of Social Development Policy in Mexico (CONEVAL) uses combined measures of poverty based on welfare lines related to income and a set of social deficiencies (multidimensional approach). However, it is feasible to generate another perspective based on their figures throughout a methodological alternative that, generally speaking, tries to deconstruct the concept of poverty proposed by CONEVAL. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how strategies to combat poverty in the Center West of Mexico have given mediocre results for more than a decade. This failure can be explained because a global approach to development problems has been left aside, to give priority to an economic growth agenda with a progressive discourse, where socio-economic and socio-territorial structures have not been taken in their real dimensions when designing public policies that reduce the problems of poverty in Mexico. The text is divided into five parts. First, the methodology is exposed; second, a journey is made from an approach of contemporary history based on the notion of poverty in the sphere of global public policy; third, some poverty figures are presented for the national context; forth, an overview of poverty in Jalisco and the Western Center of Mexico is discussed; and finally, an attempt to answer the following question: Where do people who are in extreme poverty in the Western Center of Mexico go once they leave this social condition?

The purpose of this article is to analyze the indirect and intermediate determinations related to adolescent fertility and its relationship with schooling level. Methodologically, replicating the fertility model proposed by John Bongaarts; and using data from the Demographic and Health Survey (ENDESA) 2011-2012. After examining the intermediate variables posed by the model, nuptiality or early union was identified as the most influential variable. In a period of three years, the global rate of adolescent fertility is 1.46, which is the average of children per thousand in adolescent women. In addition, it was found that in the cases of pregnant adolescents or those who were already mothers during the year of the survey, the majority were residing in the rural area. These adolescents present sociodemographic characteristics different from those of the urban area such as greater number of children, lower level of schooling, and in the lowest wealth quintile.

The article analyzes the insecurity in Argentina, with the purpose to reflect on how the concept of "looting" was built in the history of this country. The main theoretical methodological aspect is about the socio-historical production of looting and proposes a quantitative analysis with data takenfrom the Latinobarómetro and the Ministry of National Security. The purpose is to identify the way in which acts of vandalism are directly linked to the concept of insecurity. In addition, the aim is to understand, through graphs and tables, how people´s acts are evaluated and represented in the looting, looking for the presence and articulation of dichotomies such as victim/victimizer, delinquent/vigilante, insecurity/security, showing the articulation of interdisciplinary aspects. Finally, there are discussions about how the concept of 'looting' has passed through time, giving meaning to events and social actors.

The article examines the volume of migrants, as well as the spatial distribution of Haitians in the Dominican Republic, with the aim of demystifying the volume of migrants. In the Dominican Republic (DR) and abroad, estimates have proliferated several millions of Haitians living in the DR who have "invaded" the country. Using data from population censuses, as well as recent surveys from the Dominican Republic, allows to demystify the volume of Haitians and the supposed "invasion". It demonstrates that the advanced figures do not have a scientific basis. The article focuses on the main destination country (Dominican Republic) of Haitians born in Haiti and their descendants. Another important country for Haitian migrants is the United States of America. The main finding is that the figures of the different statistical instruments of the Dominican Republic allow demystifying the volume of Haitian migrants residing in that country.

Desde sus orígenes la demografía centró sus ejes de investigación en el crecimiento poblacional. Frente a los continuos cambios del siglo XXI y en el contexto del tránsito de la modernidad a la posmodernidad, se ve obligada a renovarse para analizar y reinterpretar fenómenos globales trascendentales como la migración, el envejecimiento demográfico, el cambio climático y la pobreza. En este sentido Alejandro Canales (2004) sostiene que el desafío para la Demografía no es únicamente teórico, sino también epistemológico; se trata de avanzar en un reposicionamiento de la disciplina, de nuevas formas de mirar y comprender los fenómenos demográficos, de trascender del discurso del crecimiento poblacional, al discurso centrado en las relaciones y contradicciones, es decir, centrarse en la preocupación por la estructuración social de las diferencias y desigualdadesdemográficas, las cuales se pueden estudiar en el contexto del territorio con el fin de identificar las diferencias y brechas, pero además comprender el origen de esas diferencias y proponer alternativas viables que contribuyan al desarrollo de la población. Todos estos elementos han sido claves en la temática publicada en los diferentes volúmenes de la Revista Población y Desarrollo: argonautas y caminantes. En esta ocasión la Maestría en Demografía y Desarrollo de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras presenta el volumen 15 de la revista con 9 notables artículos: Sobre la pobreza en el Centro-Occidente de México de Carlos Riojas López; Inmigración y colonización en Honduras durante la Reforma Liberal 1876-1891 de Patricia Elizabeth Castillo Canelas; Saqueos: episodios recurrentes de la sociedad Argentina, período 1930-2013 de Marina Prieto; Índice de vulnerabilidad ante los efectos de cambio climático, Choluteca-Honduras de Ana Carolina Paz Delgado; Algunas consideraciones sobre la caravana migrante centroamericana en Piedras Negras Coahuila, México de Jesús Fraustro Ortega y Juan Parra Ávila; Las mujeres y el envejecimiento de la población total y activa de la ciudad de Buenos Aires de Victoria Mazzeo y Fabiana Bochichio; Determinantes próximos de la fecundidad adolescente en Honduras período 2011-2012 de Jinna Yennsy Rosales; Migraciones: entre muros y derechos humanos. Las actuales políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos y Europa de Luca Pennisi; y Haití La “invasión” a República Dominicana de Gabriel Bidegain Greisisng. Para el volumen 15 contamos con una muestra pictórica de la obra del fallecido artista Ulises Rivera, máximo exponente de la técnica de la acuarela en Honduras. Este aporte fue posible gracias a la colaboración de familiares, alumnos y amigos del artista. La publicación de sus obras en esta revista representa un homenaje póstumo a su invaluable legado artístico.

Due to its geographical location and socioeconomic characteristics, Honduras is considered one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the impacts of climate change; since its location favors the passage of extreme climatic phenomena such as hurricanes and tropical storms that, year after year, strike the country, a situation that weakens its fragile economy by slowing down sustainable development. One of the departments highly affected by climate change is the department of Choluteca, located in the southern part of the country. In this context, this article analyzes the situation of vulnerability of the municipalities of the department of Choluteca in regards to the effects of climate change through the construction of a vulnerability index. It starts from a retrospective view, estimating the municipalities that have been most vulnerable, including the degree of exposure to risk, which confronts the population to climatic events, as well as sensitivity to being affected by a natural disaster and the ability to adapt of both the local government as well as its inhabitants, from a socio-demographic and environmental aspect. Through the analysis of sociodemographic indicators at the municipal level, the population of the Choluteca municipalities was identified as being most vulnerable to the risk of the effects of climate change, considering that they have been affected by natural disasters, with repercussions on various aspects of life. One of the most sensitive impacts is on the food security of the population, along with the decrease in the level of income of families that, faced with this type of situation, make the decision to migrate internally or internationally, which has consequences in the decline in fertility and the composition of households, among others.