Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In sprinkler irrigation, the water is precipitated artificially. In this system, the distribution efficiency is subject to the characteristics of the sprinkler, pressure, operating flow, external factors such as wind and temperature, type of arrangement and stem height. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the Coefficient of Uniformity Christiansen - CUC, Coefficient of Uniformity of Distribution - CUD and Coefficient of Statistical Uniformity - CUE in low flow sprinklers under the quadrangular, triangular and rectangular arrangements, for height of rod of 1,50 and 2,00 m under low pressure of 10 mca. The NDJ 5022 sprinkler presented coefficients up to 80% for all arrangements and overlays, with a triangular arrangement that presents the best installation cost.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphite as a resistance inducer in the management of Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the reek, in tomato mutants for trichomes and hormones, to identify their mode of action and the possible signaling pathways involved. Eleven mutant genotypes (hair absent, Wooly, hairless, Galapagos, notabilis, Never ripe, epinastic, procera, curl3, 35S::nahG and dgt, Nr) which are in the same genetic background as the wild parental, cultivate Micro-Tom. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a two - factorial scheme, with four replications. The factor A corresponded to the genotypes used and the factor B applied or not of the inducer. The variables analyzed were: incubation period (PI), final lesion size (TFL) and lesion expansion rate (r). For all variables there was a significant interaction between the genotypes and the application of potassium phosphite. In plants treated with potassium phosphite, the PI in the Galapagos genotype was significantly lower from 52 to 70% relative to the mutant genotypes except Never ripe and 35S::nahG. The application of potassium phosphite increased significantly in 63, 53, and 70% TFL for the Wooly, hairless and procera genotypes, respectively. The r in the genotype procera was significantly lower in 76% of that observed in the Micro Tom, and 50 to 76% in relation to the mutant genotypes when the plants were not treated with potassium phosphite. The most likely signaling pathway for resistance induction by potassium phosphite is that of salicylic acid.

The gray water footprint (GWF) is defined as the volume of fresh water needed to dilute Soil of semiarid regions naturally present low fertility, hampering plant growth and productivity, increasing production costs due to investments in fertilizers and agricultural pesticides. In addition, overall, there is a great waste of food. In view of this scenario, the aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of organic waste for the production of an organic compost by means of composting, followed by vermicomposting. The experiment was carried out in two stages (composting followed by vermicomposting), at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará Campus Maracanaú. Organic food residues were used from the Ceará Supply Center, cattle manure and dry leaves. At 51 days after composting, the compost was placed in a tank with a capacity of 310 L, and 100 adult Californian worms (Eisenia foetida) were added, thus initiating the vermicompost process. It was concluded that it is possible to use food waste for the production of organic fertilizer. Composting followed by vermicomposting was feasible and easy to apply. The vermicomposting reduced the grain size of the compound and improved the nutritional quality of the material, increasing the phosphorus, calcium, zinc, copper and iron content.

The irrigation system, called umbu cuca, can be an efficient and advantageous alternative for the family farmers in the production of lettuce in economical land. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lettuce production at the economic site integrated to the umbu cuca irrigation system with the conventional irrigated manure with irrigation system in the municipality of Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments, economical and conventional with four replications, the average number of leaves per plant was evaluated; mean height of seedlings; diameter of plant and stem; fresh and dry mass of shoot and root; root length; and water use efficiency. After collection, the data were submitted to the test with 5% probability. The water use efficiency was 2.92% higher for conventional beds, but with the exception of root length that was 2.19 cm larger in conventional beds, all other variables showed that the production was better for the beds with a significant difference for the fresh mass of the plants, which was 103,430 g / greater plant in the economic beds, plant height 3,81 cm, the diameter stem 0.19 cm.

The spaces located in the surroundings of the houses are complex systems, in which a great diversity of species is managed, mainly, for family feeding and medicinal use. In scientific studies these spaces are called agroforestry homegardens or homegardens, but few studies characterize how farmers themselves term these spaces. The objective of the present work was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey in productive units of São João da Várzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, identifying with farmers the spaces and their characteristics. Participatory methodologies such as workshops, snowball technique, guided tour, participatory rapid diagnosis and cognitive maps were used. The knowledge of the local denominations of the different planting spaces is important for the accomplishment of studies in the agronomic and ethnobotanical area. In São João da Várzea, 15 spaces with special characteristics for agricultural activities were identified. The spaces have a diversity of plant species with a total of 154 species belonging to 63 botanical families, covering a total of 2474 plants. This fact associated to the management in each environment contributes to the food security of the families and maintenance of the local biodiversity. The spaces present differences in floristic composition related to water availability, size of the productive unit, soil type, socioeconomic,’ cultural condition of the family and the family's agricultural aptitude. The most frequent species are fruit such as Psidium guajava L., Cocos nucifera L., Annona squamosa L., Malpighia glabra L. and Carica papaya L.

This paper analyzes the environmental perception of the use of agroforestry systems in the recovery of legal reserve in Cametá-PA, proposing the discussion between the profile of properties, environmental perception of the main terms of the Forest Code, protectionist knowledge of agroforestry systems and environmental regularization. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered with interview assistance to 50 farmers in 10 localities of the municipality, in addition, a survey of the data of the Rural Environmental Cadastre of the interviewees and the total of the municipality was carried out. To know the environmental reality, the analysis of deforestation was carried out between 2006 and 2017. The results point out that the majority of farmers in Cametá have little knowledge about environmental law. Regarding Rural Environmental Cadastre, only 32.72% of the rural properties are registered until October 2018 and 80% of the registered properties need to recover their legal reserves. Despite the incipient knowledge about agroforestry systems, the lack of financial resources, the effectiveness of technical assistance, lack of knowledge about responsibilities and obligations, can generate a great economic and social crisis with the application of embargoes and fines for failure to comply with the provisions of the Regularization Program Environmental.

In view of the importance of the cultivation of cowpea in the semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast and the need to know the behavior of the occurrence of summer, due to its importance for rainfed agriculture, the objective of this study was to classify the influence of summer the productivity of cowpea in the municipality of Crateús, Ceará, from 2006 to 2016. Data were collected on cowpea productivity and rainfall data for the first crop, provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Municipal Agricultural Production) and Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos, respectively. The results indicate that the most frequent type of summer in the region during the studied period was type A, with more than 70 occurrences. The type B and D of summers showed a significant correlation between the yield of bean and cowpea beans in the first harvest for the municipality of Crateús, and it is necessary to take into account the months that this distribution occurs more frequently, measures to mitigate their harmful effects.

Silver nanoparticles have been increasingly used in industrial applications for a long time. Chemical methods of synthesizing silver nanoparticles can be toxic and expensive. Therefore, many studies have emerged to create ecologically correct synthetic routes that provide good dispersion and stability in the extractive medium. Plant species are investigated for the discovery of a new dispersive medium for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green route. AgNPs are disperse in plant extract, by plants available in Brazil. In this work, Melissa Officinalis leaves were used as a dispersive medium of nanoparticles. The characterization techniques used became possible to observe the superficial modifications with the presence of well-dispersed nanostructures, which are fundamental for the production of intelligent textiles with antimicrobial action. Thus, it was possible by means of each synthesis route to evaluate the dispersion and morphology of AgNPs in different dispersive media of Melissa Officinalis, concluding that it is very efficient for the stabilization of AgNPs.

The vegetables grown in a shaded environment have been gaining more space in front of the open field planting system. Among the vegetables, it stands out the pepper, being among the ten most produced crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sources and fertilizers in the nutrition of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) under an organic system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, using two sources of potassium: potassium sulphate (50% K) and wood ash (5,84% K) and six blocks, each with three plants. ash yielded higher performance in relation to the following variables: number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, fruit length, pulp thickness, commercial productivity. With chemical variables, fertilization with wood ash yielded superior results for soluble solids, vitamin C, and titratable acidity. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the treatment with wood ash fertilization was promising regarding the physical characteristics and, for the pH only, lower values were obtained than the other treatments. use of wood ash as a source of nutrition for sweet pepper plants resulted in higher commercial productivity.

The anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum musae is considered the most important diseases in banana fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the fixed oil of pinhão bravo in the in vitro control of C. musae, in different concentrations and application methodologies. The fungus was isolated from banana fruits, grown in Potato-Dextrose-Agar (B.D.A) culture medium. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme with 2 factors (3 application methods and 3 concentrations + 2 controls), with seven replicates. The methods of application were: incorporation of the oil into the fuse culture medium; distribution of the oil in the solidified culture medium and distribution of the oil in filter paper, fixed to the inner part of the lid of the Petri dish. The concentrations of the oil used were: 0.1; 1 and 10%. The controls were: absolute control (without oil and without fungicide) and relative control (without oil and with fungicide). The oil tested at all concentrations and application methods was diluted in Tween 80. The radial growth in centimeter of the mycelium of the fungus was measured daily for ten days. The data were analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The Treatments 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 11 provided greater inhibition of the mycelial growth of C. musae and were statistically equal to each other. The fixed oil of pinhão bravo can be used as alternative measure of control of the C. musae in substitution to the chemical pesticides.