Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The gray water footprint (GWF) is defined as the volume of fresh water needed to dilute contaminants incorporated into the surface and subsurface layers of the soil, through the emission of agrochemicals in agricultural production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the gray water footprint in tomato cultivation in Brazilian semiarid regions. The study was developed in the municipalities of Parelhas and Equador, both located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It was carried out a survey of the main pollutants, besides the environmental conditions of soil and climate, soon after the use of mathematical models to estimate the gray water footprint. The pesticides evaluated were Evidence, Lannate Br, Karate 50 EC, Sportak 450 EC, Sencor 480, Ridomil Gold and Confidor S. The insecticide Ridomil Gold (Chlorothalonil) was considered to be very offensive for tomato production in this study, its application should be avoided, and its replacement should be replaced by one that requires less fresh water for dilution. On the other hand, the pesticides Lannate BR (Methomyl), Karate 50 EC (Lambda-Cialotrina) and Sportak 450 EC (Procloraz) were the ones that presented less water requirement for dilution.

The "Isabel" vine is one of the most important crops both for the agricultural sector and for subsistence of small families. The bovine biofertilizer appears as an alternative to replace the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in small properties, where it can be used in agricultural crops providing quality and quantity aspects, acting positively in the soil-water-plant system. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the production of Isabel grape fruits, fertilized with types and doses of bovine biofertilizer, during the second productive cycle. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, with factorial 5 x 8, referring to five types of biofertilizer: (B1 = bovine manure, B2 = B1 + MB4 rock meal, B3 = B2 + legume (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp.), B4 = B2 + wood ash and B5 = B3 + wood ash) and 8 doses of biofertilizer (D1 = 0; D2 = 0.35; D3 = 0.7; D4 = 1.05; D5 = 1.4; D6 = 1.75; D7 = 2.1 and D8 = 2.45 L/plant/time), applied every 2 months. The types of biofertilizer B1, B2, B4 and B5 exert significant values in production, except for quality. The use of biofertilizer applied 1,2 L/plant/time provides greater productive efficiency of Isabel vine fruits in types B1, B2, B4 and B5, except for ºBrix and acidity. The application of different types of bovine biofertilizer associated to optimal dosages leads to plants with high productive potential.

The increasing use of biostimulant products in recent years is due to its ease of use, economically viable cost, and environmental assistance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings under different concentrations of biostimulant based on seaweed. The work was carried out at the State University of Piauí, Campus de Corrente, in a greenhouse covered with a screen. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 5 replicates, totaling 25 plots, Control, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml and 4, 0 ml of the biostimulant. The exogenous addition of biostimulant based on seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum did not have an effect on the agronomic performance of yellow passion fruit seedlings.

The research of fruit juice and nectars provides drinks with new flavors, attractive colors and textures, and high nutritional value for the beverage industries. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of pulps and nectars, develop blends of tropical fruits, and assess their physicochemical features and presence of bioactive compounds. The preparation of nectars comprised 30% pulp and 70% mineral water, using pulps of tamarind, pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit, which served as matrices for the preparation of seven blend formulations. The following physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds were analyzed: soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total extractable polyphenols. All pulps, nectars, and blends had a pH below 4.5. The acerola pulp and nectar presented the highest ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and extractable polyphenol contents. The blend in Formulation 7 (30% tamarind + 20% pineapple + 25% acerola + 25% passion fruit) had the highest titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Formulation 4 (30% tamarind + 30% pineapple + 30% acerola + 10% passion fruit) showed the highest content of total extractable polyphenols.

In the Paraíba do Sul Valley, between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, the replacement of the Atlantic Forest for coffee cultivation has degraded soils and watercourses. Growing forest species can help restore this environment. The guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) is a native forest species with great potential for economic exploitation of wood. Its cultivation in agroforestry system - AFS can become more advantageous due to its moderate growth. The objectives of this research were to compare the growth of guanandi in monoculture and agroforestry diversification in simple and biodiverse AFSs, as well as to evaluate the performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) in these systems, in cycles with high rainfall and water scarcity. The biodiverse AFS was added with pigeon pea, banana, juçara palm and arboreal diversity. Agroforestry systems did not affect the growth of guanandi, which increased the circumference of chest height in simple AFS after three years of conversion. Cassava and arrowroot food crops presented performance compatible with the planting density used in AFSs, with significantly higher yields in simple AFS. Arrowroot has withstood environmental stress on both AFSs and does not require replanting, naturally occupying the understory. Simple AFS is a system for farmers interested in obtaining the maximum yield of annual crops in association with the forest species. The biodiverse AFS is appropriate to diversify agricultural production and restore the environment concomitantly.

This study aims to know the diversity and the fruit flies infestation rates in the Mundaú valley in the state of Alagoas. The fruits were collected randomly every two weeks at different times of the crown of fruit and freshly fallen fruit on the ground, which were in good condition of conservation and without exit holes of the larvae. The fruits were placed in plastic trays (54cm x 32cm) labeled with field data having a layer of a cm sieved sand and sterilized in an oven with air circulation for 48 hours at 80 ° C to serve as a substrate for pupation . The infestation indices of fruit flies were calculated by dividing the total number of pupae by total fruit each collected species (pupae / fruit) and total number of pupae by the total weight (kg) of each collected species (pupae / kg fruit). Were identified five fruit flies species: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), Anastrepha obliqua (Maquart, 1835), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979, Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, 1939 e Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Neosilba species (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). Yellow mombin, guava, surinam cherry and red mombin are the fruits that suffer the greatest infestation of fruit flies. The most polyphagous species in this study is A. fraterculus.

Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of orange juice. Orange juice is a complex product, formed by an aqueous "blend" of various volatile and unstable organic components, responsible for its taste and aroma, as well as sugars, acids, minerals, vitamins and pigments. However, due to the more acidic flavor characteristic of orange juice, many consumers use the use of "common" crystal sugar for their consumption, which may reduce the nutritional quality of the final product. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the acceptance of orange juice sweetened with brown sugar, honey, and refined sugar, by assessing the sensory perception of consumers. The work was developed at the State University of Rio Grande do Sul. The oranges of the Valencia variety, after selection, washing and sanitization were submitted to the juice extraction process manually, and after filtration, 4.5 liters of orange juice were collected. They were then separated into three 1.5 liter portions in three 2 liter containers each, and diluted with the addition of 0.5 liters of water and “ordinary” crystal sugar, brown sugar and honey to 14 ° Brix. The acceptance test was performed by a team of 31 untrained judges, and the orange juice was evaluated for its appearance, taste, acidity, sweetness and overall impression, using a structured hedonic scale evaluation form. Nine points. Orange juice sweetened with refined sugar was presented as the best option of the evaluators, presenting higher grades in all tested attributes.

The yellow passion fruit is a climacteric fruit that presents high perishability when stored at room temperature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cassava peanut starch coating on postharvest conservation of yellow passion fruit stored at room temperature. The cassava inner bark starch was extracted by decanting and drying. The starch was used in the preparation of the edible coating, through the gelatinization of the starch. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design (DIC), with a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with three treatments (control, no coating; and starch in the concentrations 1, 2 and 3%) and three sampling times (0, 7 and 10 days). Physical analysis (peel color, weight loss and juice yield) and chemical analyzes (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and SS AT-1 ratio) were performed during this period. The results demonstrated that the treatments were effective in maintaining the visual appearance of the fruits and reducing the mass loss during the ten days of storage. All treatments were efficient during the storage period for SS maintenance, while only only the treatments with 2 and 3% starchmaintained the pH. The tested coatings were not effective in preserving the acidity of the fruits and the SS AT-1 ratio increased from the 7th day of conservation. The coating with 3% of starch presented the best results for all evaluated parameters.

Inadequate soil management modifies its attributes, culminating in the loss of its product quality. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the attributes of a cambisol in Agroecosystems, in the Land of Hope Settlement project, in the municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, in Rio Grande do Norte, through the statistical technique Multivariate. Soil samples were collected with the deformed and undisturbed structure to perform physical and chemical analyses, and the collections were made in the layers of 0-5 and 5-10 cm, in three replications. The physical attributes evaluated were: granulometry, particle density and soil density, soil resistance to penetration carried out in a field with a penetrometer, and total soil porosity. The chemical attributes were: electrical conductivity, hydrogenionic potential in water, total organic carbon and macronutrients: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, and subsequently the ability to exchange cations, a sum of bases and Base saturation, and the percentage of exchangeable sodium. The areas of native forest and agroecological area showed similarity among themselves, and the structural attributes soil resistance to penetration and bulk density and the chemical total organic carbon, sodium, potassium, percentage of exchangeable sodium and Electricalconductivity were the most sensitive in the distinction of the environments, in relation to the conventional planting area of intercropped crops, indicating that the soil use systems alter their attributes and that agroecological practices provide improvements and/or maintenance of these.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of leaf extracts of the forest species leucena and algaroba at different concentrations on the germination and initial growth of Cyperus rotundus weed. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor was represented by two types of forest species leaf extracts: algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) and leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), and a level without application of the extract. The second factor was represented by four different concentrations of each extract, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% p v-1. The number of sprouts emerged each day, emergence percentage after 21 days of planting, seedling emergence speed index, seedling length, fresh matter and dry matter of shoots were evaluated. There was a significant (p<0.05) effect of the extracts and their concentrations on the growth of the weed plant, interfering in the shoot length of the Cyperus rotundus weed seedlings, and significant effect (p<0.01) of the extracts on the fresh mass and total dry shoot. However, the other parameters were not influenced by the extracts types and concentrations. The effectiveness of extracts of forest species, algaroba and leucena, as bioherbicides in the control of Cyperus rotundus weed plants was not proved.