Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Every day invariably a popular consumption food in the weekly table and at any time of the day is bread, currently for sectors of the population the change in flavors, textures and composition have boom in the trade. The substitution of wheat flour with different cereals, legumes or functional ingredients encompasses space in traditional bakeries as well as bakeries in the commercial center. Bee pollen is a healthy food because it has 30-35% protein, is found in the form of essential amino acids above the standard. Its layers of ectin and exine allow the pollen not to be so digestible to the human being, so a baked product would favor its use. This research will establish the appropriate formulation to integrate the flour of pollen to a bread dough until where sensorially the addition is not detected, as well as to standardize the methodology of bakery. Taking into account parameters such as: quantity of flour wheat-pollen and sugar y/o honey, fermentation time, baking time and baking temperature. The product obtained is sensorially valued to determine the concentration of flour and which is the percentage of addition best evaluated sensory, the accepted range of addition is 5 to 10% substitution of wheat flour. Sensorially there is no difference in attributes such as color, odor, flavor, consistency and texture in this range, being slightly better the flavor of 10% of pollen flour. However the white bread obtained can be marketed up to 10% of addition, being alternative of the beekeepers to obtain extra profits not only from the sale of honey.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different fertilizations and ground cover in the yield and quality of the fruits of irrigated ‘Caipira’ melon fruits (Cucumis melo var. acidulus) in tropical semiarid conditions. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Three fertilization managements were compared (F1 - only mineral fertilization in the foundation, F2 – mineral and organic fertilization in the foundation, F3 - mineral fertilization in the foundation and leaf fertilization) under bare soil conditions and covered with black mulching. Five useful plants were evaluated per plot. The amount of mineral fertilization recommended for cultivation (40 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen, 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 40 kg ha-1 of K2O) was applied in the plots. The fruit average weight – FAW (kg), yield - Y (t.ha-1), fruit length – FL (cm) and diameter - FD (cm), fruit pulp thickness - FPT (cm), fruit cavity diameter – FCD (cm) and total soluble solids – SS (°Bx) were evaluated. A comparison of the means between fertilization and soil cover was done using the Tukey test with 5% probability. The use of mineral fertilization associated with the organic at the foundation provided superior results for the variables analyzed, except for the SS and FCD. The use of mulching was responsible for increasing the FAW, Y and SS in the melon.

The Quota Law, apart from its social contour, deals with ethnic-racial criteria and allows institutions, based on their particular social reality, to use, as affirmative action, the creation of a reserve of vacancies, aiming at benefitting other minority groups. This article, therefore, aims at analyzing the policy related to the reserving vacancies for children belonging to PRONAF families, settlers of agrarian reform and rural employees who are taking up Public Higher Education. In addition, it aims both at discussing the legal bases concerning this affirmative action, in order to identify the Public Institutions that adopt this quotas policy, and at presenting the offered courses as well as the number of vacancies reserved for rural students. As to its methodological procedure, it was based both on qualitative/ quantitative research, and on indirect and descriptive documentation. The results show that the adoption of the Quotas Law represented an undeniable advance in terms of democratization, taking into consideration the access to the once historically excluded groups. It is important to point out, however, that there are only few institutions adopting such system and benefitting children who belong to PRONAF families, settlers of agrarian reform and rural employees. They are only 3 in Brazil, Federal Institutes of Education, science and technology of Paraíba, Tocantins and southeast of Minas Gerais. Besides, they belong to specific Campuses and are mostly related to courses which are directed to the rural area.

The diference soil management systems, can result in soil physical changes, such as the formation of compacted layers. One of the physical attributes most used as indicative of soil compact, has been the soil mechanical resistence to penetration, because it has direct relation with the growth of plants, and to be more efficient in identifying soil compaction stats. In this sense, the objective was evaluate the mechanical resistence to penetration in two soil management systens, by means of the use penetration technique. The experiment was carried out in the area of the University Federal Rural of Amazonia, Campus Parauapebas. The experiment design was completely randomized with two types of management no tillage system (NTS) and conventional plating system (CPS) with 40 replicate trataments. The soil resistance to penetration (PR) was measured using the Falker-brand Electronic Pressure Compaction Meter PenetroLOG - PLG 1020, at a depth of 0,00 to 0;40 m, which was subdivided into eight layers of 0,05 m for evaluation. The adoption of no-tillage and conventional tillage systems caused oscillation in the soil mechanical resistance to penetration along the soil layers. In the CPS, a lower RP was observed when compared to the other treatment, at depth 0,00 – 0,10 m. Differently, in the NTS, the sublayers of 0,15 – 0,25 m presented lower RP values and higher soil moisture. From the depth of 0,20 m both systems presented indicative of compacted layers of the soil.

Considering the potential of the species Amburana cearensis Allem. and Pityrocarpa moniliformis in the pharmaceutical industry, in addition to several other purposes, it is important to know the interaction between them for a possible intercropping, since this work had the objective of evaluating the use of substrate made with dry leaves of Pityrocarpa moniliformis, simulating the litter, a possible allelopathic interference during the emergence and development of Amburana cearensis seedlings. The leaves of Pityrocarpa moniliformis were collected in the municipality of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, dried in an oven at 40ºC for 24 hours, and later crushed manually. For the preparation of the substrates the sand mixture and the fragmented dry leaves were used, in proportions of 1:0; 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:2 (v/v) (sand:sheet). The percentage of emergence, emergency speed index, mean emergence time, seedling height, root length, shoot dry mass, root system, total dry mass of normal seedlings were evaluated. The use of the substrate made with the dry leaves of P. moniliformis did not affect the variables related to the germination and initial development of the seedlings of A. cearensis Allem.

The objective of this study was to elaborate cake formulations with green banana flour (Musa sp) and fructooligosaccharide, and to evaluate the effect of the substitution of wheat flour for green banana flour, with respect to the sensorial and chemical characteristics of the proposed product. Three cake formulations were prepared, which were microbiologically (molds and yeasts, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and Salmonella sp.), Sensory (preference, acceptance and purchase intention) and chemically (moisture, lipids, proteins, ashes, total phenolics, diphenyl-picryl-hydrazine radical and iron reduction). In addition, the total carbohydrates and the caloric percentage of the cakes were determined. The three cake formulations were microbiologically safe, differed sensory in appearance and color, these parameters being statistically the same formulations 1 and 3, and formulations 2 and 3. The chemical composition ranged from humidity (22.82 to 28.67), total phenolics (124 to 267.08) and reduction of iron (4.45 to 10.18). The substitution of wheat flour for banana flour did not influence the microbiological quality of the cakes, the sensorial preference and the consumption potential, but had little effect on the sensory acceptance and on the chemical composition, thus, due to the characteristics observed in the cake formulations with banana flour and fructooligosaccharide indicate that these are potentially commercially and nutritionally attractive.

Tamarindus indica L. is a tree species very appreciated for ornamentation, being considered a multifunctional tree, since it can be used pulp, seeds, flowers, leaves, wood, bark, whether for nutritional or medicinal use. In addition, this species presents in its chemical composition amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, being outstanding for presenting excellent nutritional qualities. Thus, the present work aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds of Tamarindus indica L. For this, the biometry was performed using a random sample of 100 fruits and 100 seeds. Mass, length, width and thickness of fruits and seeds and number of seeds per fruit were evaluated. The fruits of Tamarindus indica presented average values of length, width, thickness and mass of: 59.72; 22.80; 15, 29 mm and 7.78 g respectively, with an average of three seeds per fruit. In the biometric analysis of the seeds we observed averages of length, width, thickness, and mass of 14.7; 10.15, 3.85mm and 1.12g respectively. The fruits and seeds of Tamarindus indica showed variability in their biometric characteristics, for the trees evaluated in this study. The fruits presented greater variation in length, while in the seeds it was observed greater variability in thickness and width.

Organic production systems should be implanted using organic seeds free of microorganisms and without chemicals application. Neem extracts has been shown to be efficient to control seed microorganism, however its effects on the physiological seed quality, is still unknown. The aim of this work was to identify the viability of aqueous extract of neem leaf as an alternative to the chemical treatment in tomato seeds Super Marmande cultivar. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory of the State University of Piauí campus Corrente. Different concentrations of neem aqueous extract were prepared using 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 grams of neem leaves per 1 liter of distilled water. Doses of each concentration containing 8 ml of the aqueous extract were used to treat 100 tomato seeds. A dose of thiran (3 grams per kilogram of seed) was used as chemical control. After the treatment, seeds were evaluated for germination, first counting of germination, cold, field seed emergence, emergence speed index, dry matter of seedlings and frequency index of contaminants. For this study a completely randomized design was emplyed, with 7 treatments and 4 replicates. None of the neem aqueous extracts concentrations altered physiological quality of tomato seeds. Moreover, the neem extracts with a concentration of 160 and 200 g L-1 were efficient to reduce contaminants present in the seeds. Based on our results, the application of neem extracts could be an efficient alternative for organic treatment of tomato seeds replacing chemical treatments.

The rheological properties knowledge about food products is vital to the processes of equipment design and evaluation. The apparent viscosity of the pulps, for example, varies a lot during its processing, and it can preclude this processing with higher concentrations. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the apparent viscosity behavior of espada mango pulp at temperatures of 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55° C and at concentrations of 20 and 16° Brix. The pulps apparent viscosity measurements were determined using an analog rotational viscometer, at different rotation speeds of the equipment (0,6; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 12; 30 and 60 rpm). All experiments were carried out in triplicate and, for calculation, it was used the average of the obtained values. The apparent viscosity of espada mango pulp tended to decrease with the increasing of rotation speed and temperature (in the studied concentrations). The espada mango pulp presented a behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid, of a pseudoplastic fluid. The equations adjusted to the experimental data of the espada mango pulp apparent viscosity can be used to estimate their apparent viscosity.

The following investigation has an analytical-synthetic character and takes as main figure the emergent city of Samborondón. It studies the background information pertinent to the case such as its origin and urban growth. It also examines the model of development to which it has been subject, which ends in the identification of tangible problems within the urban and environmental reality of the city, critically affecting its quality of life and social future. Through the investigation of valid theories for the understanding of the figure of study that ranges from urban sustainability to the conceptualization of one of the most significant ecosystems in Samborondón (the wetland ecosystem), it is possible to expand more in the hypothesis presented. Moreover, the analysis of the theories goes hand in hand with attached methodological tools requiring citizen participation such as surveys and interviews. Finally, the methodological results, the study of analogous cases, and the respective site analysis are key resources for the materialization of the proposed botanical garden model for La Puntilla. These seek to conserve the wetland ecosystem present in agricultural land under the concept of urban ecotone, enhancing the synergy between the community and its surrounding nature.