Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Background: Double-J catheters are tools that are widely used in urology but given that they are a foreign body in the urinary tract, 30% of patients present with adverse effects after their placement. Such symptoms are attributed to local irritation caused by the spiral of the catheter in the bladder or when found in the renal calyx. Numerous studies have shown that tamsulosin and certain anticholinergics reduce ureteral catheter-related symptoms. Material and methods: A prospective, observational, randomized, comparative study was conducted. Consecutive cases were randomly distributed into the study groups (1 to 1). The patients underwent endourologic treatment with semirigid and/or flexible ureteroscopy, as well as pneumatic and/or laser lithotripsy. A total of 77 patients were divided into 2 groups: the 39 patients in group 1 received 0.4 mg of oral tamsulosin every 24 hours for one month after surgery and the 38 patients in group 2 received 20 mg of oral hyoscine butylbromide every 8 hours for one month after surgery. Patient evaluation took place at the urology service consultation office and the validated Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (ussq) was applied at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after double-J catheter placement. Results: Both treatments reduced the irritative symptoms and pain, from the second week, and there was statistical significance at week 4, with respect to the baseline data obtained at week 1 (p<0.05). There was also quality of life improvement, with a decrease of more than 4.3 points in the validated questionnaire, at week 4 (p<0.05). Upon comparing the two treatment groups, there was no significant difference regarding improvement of the irritative symptoms, pain, or in quality of life after 4 weeks of treatment.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a urologic emergency characterized by an acute necrotizing, perinephric, and parenchymal infection caused by gas-forming uropathogens. It is considered a rare entity, with greater incidence in developing countries. Even though its pathogenesis is not fully understood, there are several well-identified factors involved in the spectrum of elements that result in the production of gas in the renal parenchyma. Various poor outcome factors associated with a high mortality rate have been described in different cohorts. The treatment of those patients can typically be divided into medical management, medical management plus endoscopic or percutaneous drainage, and emergency nephrectomy. Nevertheless, given that there are very few guidelines or treatment algorithms, there is no consensus on the management of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Background: The aim of the present work was to present three clinical cases with uncommon presentations of metastatic kidney cancer. Clinical cases: The first case was that of a woman that presented with metastasis to the thyroid gland after thyroidectomy. The rest of the extension studies were negative, and she did not require adjuvant treatment. The second case was a woman that came to the emergency department due to urinary retention secondary to urethral metastasis from a kidney tumor, with no metastases at other levels. The third case was a man that presented with recurrence of papillary renal cell carcinoma in the bladder mucosa associated with lung metastases. Discussion: Thirty-four percent of metastases to the thyroid gland have a renal origin. The urethra is an uncommon site for metastasis. In general, bladder metastases from renal carcinoma have a poor prognosis, with only 56 cases described in the literature. The treatment of choice for resectable lesions is surgical extirpation, and anti-angiogenic therapy is reserved for nonresectable lesions. Conclusions: The thyroid gland, bladder, and urethra are uncommon sites of metastases from kidney cancer. They tend to indicate advanced disease stages and treatment is surgical extirpation in cases of resectable lesions.

Aim: To describe the safety and effectiveness of non-pharmacologic preventive interventions for erectile dysfunction. Methods: A systematic search was carried out electronically on the Medline (PubMed) and Embase databases for studies published from 2002 to 2018 Results: The studies showed that preventive interventions directed at risk factors, such as aerobic physical activity, the Mediterranean diet, and sex therapy, contributed to preventing the development of erectile dysfunction. Conclusions: The findings suggest that carrying out the recommendations of increased physical activity and an adequate diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and dried fruits, from an early age, can help prevent the appearance of sexual dysfunction at more advanced ages.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based early detection for prostate cancer is the subject of intense debate. Implementation of organized prostate cancer screening has been challenging, in part because the PSA test is so amenable to opportunistic screening. To the extent that access to cancer screening tests increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need to thoughtfully evaluate existing and future cancer screening strategies to ensure benefit and control costs. We used Mexico’s prostate cancer screening efforts to illustrate the challenges LMICs face. We provide five considerations for policymakers for a smarter approach and implementation of PSA-based screening.

Objective. Environmental and occupational agents are causes of cancer and disease worldwide while their control and the reduction of the associated disease burden remains complex. Materials and methods. This paper summarizes the current status of the burden of environmental and occupational causes of disease in the Americas based on presentations from a panel on environment, occupation and other environmental risk factors for cancer in the Americas, delivered in Panama, at the international conference Promoting Health Equity and Transnational Collaborations for the Prevention and Control of Cancer in the Americas. Results. Three case studies are presented to illustrate the impact of specific environmental and occupational agents and the challenge of control. Conclusions. There are still fully avoidable exposures to carcinogens, as well documented in the case of asbestos in Brazil. Thus, there are abundant targets for intervention to reduce cancer in the Americas.

 Objective. Evaluate association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic markers. Mate­rials and methods. 654 adolescents from Guadalajara, Jalisco, participated in a cross-sectional study. Diet was evalu­ated using a food frequency questionnaire; 24 food groups were integrated, and dietary patterns were derived using cluster analysis. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook and colleagues, Ford and colleagues, and de Ferranti and colleagues criteria. Results. Dietary patterns identified were: “DP1”, “DP2”, and “DP3”. Among males, “DP3” was associated with MetS (Cook and collaborators) (OR, 12.14; 95%CI, 1.66-89.05), hypertriglyc­eridemia (OR, 3.89; 95%CI, 1.01-15.07), and insulin resistance (OR, 6.66; 95%CI, 1.12-39.70). “DP2” was associated with abdominal obesity (OR, 5.11; 95%CI, 1.57-16.66). Conclu­sions. “DP3” entertained a greater risk of MetS, hypertri­glyceridemia, and insulin resistance, while “DP2” possessed a greater risk of abdominal obesity among adolescent males.

[Not available]

Objetivo. Analizar cantidad y calidad de la información sobre indicadores de salud reportada por México a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Material y métodos. Análisis de frecuencia de indicadores reportados, calidad de los datos y comparación de valores reportados en el entorno OCDE. Resultados. Se analizan 191 indicadores. México reportó anualmente (2010-2016) 52.9% de ellos. Nunca reportó 45.5%. La mayor frecuencia de no reportados (84%) es en el grupo “Calidad de la atención”. En los reportados, la información es de calidad deficiente en 28.7%. Comparativamente, México ostenta los peores resultados de OCDE en indicadores sobre tamizaje de cáncer, mortalidad infantil e intrahospitalaria por infarto de miocardio y hospitali­zación por diabetes, entre otros. Conclusiones. México tiene problemas de carencia y calidad de la información reportada y valores frecuentemente desfavorables en el entorno OCDE. Se requiere mejorar el sistema de información incidiendo tanto en cantidad como en calidad de los datos, y su utilización efectiva. 

Objective. We tested the effectiveness of the I prefer plain water educational strategy used to increase water consumption in elementary school children. Materials and methods. A community intervention trial was performed in eight public elementary schools in Mexico City. The schools were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control (CG) group. Each school was provided water dispensers inside the classrooms. The IG received the educational strategy. The strategy was considered effective if the students increased their water consumption by ≥220 ml. Results. Water consumption in the IG increased 167 ml vs. 37 ml in CG (p < 0.001). The goal of the educational strategy for water consumption was achieved in 166/413 children in the IG and 95/364 children in the CG (p < 0.001). Conclusions. I prefer plain water, associated with free access to water inside the classrooms, proved to be effective to increase water consumption.