Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction for the correct diagnosis in the treatment of orthodontic patients requires a series of auxiliary examinations, which are essential tools in orthodontics, however we found a certain degree of difficulty in assessing dental asymmetries in the hemiarchs of each dental arch; The importance of the correct assessment of asymmetries is already widely mentioned in different studies, because it will help us with the correct location of the teeth in their arch, at the end of the treatment. Currently there is little literature on the methods to evaluate and diagnose hemiarchal alterations, especially in the transverse plane. The objective is to review the literature on the methods of measuring intra-arch dental asymmetries in order to identify and quantify dental alterations in the three planes of space in their respective dental arch, the Method for the search terms of the information were: dental and facial asymmetry, molar asymmetry in orthodontics, arch width prediction indices, as well as cross-sectional discrepancies. Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Schoolar Google, of which 80 articles related to our study topic were collected and only 30 articles and 6 orthodontic books were chosen on which this article is based, Results Also in this article we present the tools that we have for the diagnosis of intra-arch dental asymmetry such as the Sthmuch plate and the Korkhaus millimeter plate, and finally we propose a method that allows us to objectively quantify the asymmetry in the three space plan in a simple, reproducible way and easy to store on a computer. Conclusion The stage of diagnosis is important because it will allow obtaining the greatest and best information on the dental alterations that the patient presents, being the transversal alterations the most difficult to quantify because most studies and indices, since they only show the distances of Contralateral teeth, which are limited data but still contribute to the diagnosis, the Sthmuch, Korkhaus and Bernklau plate method are proposed to measure intra-arch dental asymmetries, not as it is wearisome for the operator and his patients. objective results lies in the experience of the operator; The KLO method allows us to objectively quantify the lack of dental symmetry in each arch in an easy, reproducible way that can be stored on a computer or in a file.

The anesthetic technique to the inferior alveolar nerve (NAI) was compared between the performance by fourth- and fifth-year students of the Dentistry career at the Andrés Bello University, Santiago. The objective was evaluating the performance and success of the technique before a simple dental extraction. The students invited to participate signed an informed consent. A survey was conducted that contained an informative protocol for the student with the steps to follow, then, at the end of their clinical care, had to answer a series of multiple-choice questions. Through this survey, it was evaluated how many students could achieve a correct inferior alveolar nerve block with only 1 tube of anesthesia and how many required additional anesthesia after having injected the first tube of anesthesia, before starting the surgical procedure. Also, the amount of anesthesia tubes that the students used to perform the extraction in a painless way was quantified and how many required an additional anesthetic reinforcement intraoperatively. Thereby, a comparative analysis between both generations of students was carried out in relation to the use of the anesthetic technique. Of the 104 participants, it was found that 57% of the 4th year students and 65% of the 5th year students achieved a correct anesthetic technique at the NAI with a single tube of anesthesia. There were no significant differences in relation to the academic year completed and the variables studied except for the need for anesthetic reinforcement after a successful anesthetic technique, where 4th year students needed to perform more intraoperative pain control.

This report focuses on the diagnosis and treatment for the rehabilitation of the primary dentition in the anterosuperior sector using CAD-CAM technology, with the aim of proposing alternatives to mitigate the margin of error and working time in pediatric patients, reintegrating esthetics, and functionality in the oral cavity. We describe the case of a 6-year-old male patient who came to the university clinic of the UTE University with extensive carious lesions in his anterosuperior teeth and his rehabilitation using personalized resin crowns by means of a digital wax-up performed in CAD-CAM. The treatment performed on the child was satisfactory, there was an improvement in the vertical dimension and an increase in dental and facial esthetics, improving his appearance and self-esteem after the rehabilitation.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the ways in which local government engage with the socio-economic actors of the territory for the construction of territorial productive profiles. Based on case study, a set of public policies was investigated, oriented to economic development, of two municipalities located in the south-central province of Córdoba, Argentina. Thus, it was possible to identify that the forms of government in the city differ according to the relevance acquired by territorial “extra-economic” assets for the logics of business accumulations itself. It is concluded that the empirical studies of small localities constitute a central input to account for the specificities that local government acquire based on the varied articulations between the different agents that make up the territory.

Independent candidacies are instrument that enhance the interests that are represented. Nevertheless, these kinds of candidacies are costly which could bias this instrument in favor of specific sectors. This study analyzes the emergence of independent candidates in the 300 federal electoral districts and in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara in the 2018 election. The argument is that independent candidates have a higher probability of emerging in districts with higher income, weak electoral attachments and more progressive views. The findings of this study show that independent candidates have a higher probability in districts with higher education and electoral volatility.

This paper analyzes the murder of social leaders in Colombia between November 2016 and June 2020 through a relational logit technique to identify factors associated with a greater probability of being a victim of murder due to social leadership exercise. The hypothesis holds that the killings are systematic and follow a pattern related to the armed conflict. The findings indicate that being a man, living in departments historically besieged by the armed conflict, defending indigenous or peasant causes, and belonging to a community action board are the factors associated with being victims of these homicides.

The figure of the disappeared as a symbol of state terrorism in Argentina has been profusely addressed since the return of democracy to the present day. However, there are still problems that have to be deepened, such as social attitudes and the relationship with silence in local plots. Based on the case of Julio Schwartz, kidnapped in 1978 in the Patagonian town of El Bolsón, and using various oral and documentary sources, this article exposes the framework in which the disappearance took place, demonstrating the scope of the national repressive dynamics, even in those supposedly isolated corners.

The problems of Mexican health system are saturation, deterioration and lack of physical and digital infrastructure. However, digital health (DH) work as sieve to avoid them. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of DH to reduce the number of infections and its influence on the mitigation of the covid-19 pandemic in Mexico City. Through and index of main components, the population that lacks available digital resources and access to health education, lack of housing and goods was located. The effect of not using the DH was obtained, to trace the transfers of the population that left their residence to be treated for covid-19. Finally, the population using DH with some covid-19 without access to health and it is an option to achieve universal coverage.

This essay analyzes the conditions in Latin America to approach a deeper comprehension of a frequent social phenomenon that has not been evaluated enough from a theoretical perspective: student movements. In the first section, we highlight the importance of this enterprise. In the second one, we appreciate the corpus of knowledge available, in Latin America and also at a global level, over student movements. In the third one, we indicate some conceptual precisions with the objective to understand the shared elements among social movements and to identify particulars aspects of student movements. In the fourth one, to conclude, we propose some theoretical/methodological considerations to increase, effectively, our knowledge about student movements as a social phenomenon.

Mexico has a generally robust electoral system; nevertheless, suspicion of electoral fraud is commonplace. This article proposes that electoral distrust may be related to a bad opinion of the winner. Thru multiple regression models it was found that the opinion of the winner candidate is related to the confidence in the election, regardless of whether the voter supported a winning or losing candidate. Also, the president’s evaluation was related to trust in the electoral institute. This supports the idea that citizens may think something is off with the elections when a —according to them— bad candidate wins the election.