Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En este trabajo, se estudió la capacidad de gestión de recursos humanos en 10 empresas cubanas, a partir de: la aplicación de un instrumento de diagnóstico, la comparación de resultados y el análisis estadístico de las evaluaciones. Se describe un procedimiento para el estudio de la Capacidad de Gestión de Recursos Humanos de la Empresa (C-GRHE) de siete pasos. Como resultados más relevantes, se obtuvo una modelación matemática basada en lógica difusa compensatoria con siete predicados compuestos y 29 predicados simples, lo cual permitió evaluar la C-GRHE. La aplicación y valoración de los resultados determinó las empresas con valores verdaderamente más altos; por otro lado, las del sector ganadero tuvieron bajos valores de capacidad. El análisis específico en cada variable mostró que las del sector biofarmacéutico se destacaron en: capacitación y desarrollo, salario y remuneración salarial, seguridad y salud del trabajo.    

The great changes at a global level have produced various transformations in the different disciplines of the market, especially in distribution logistics. Through a literature review on the last mile, it is intended to analyse the changes that have permeated this discipline from 2010 to date, and what type of topics or research have been developed around this theme. For this review, the Web of Science (WOS) database is used, analysing the trend line of published research, considering four variables of the research carried out in the logistics of the last mile: year of publication, most cited articles, institutions and geography. The fourth industrial revolution with its elements of robotics and artificial intelligence, electronic commerce and its boom caused by covid 19, are the main elements that have helped the evolution of this topic in recent years.

Improving the quality of processes in heritage cities is closely related to customer satisfaction. The objective of this research is to design a system of corrective actions to contribute to improve the quality of accessibility and mobility processes in the historic center of the city of Matanzas. A structured methodology was designed in four stages that integrates tools such as: expert, weighted Delphi and Pareto methods, indicator analysis and cause-effect diagram. Among the main results, the pedestrian infrastructure process was identified as the most relevant of the entity, with a project cycle time of approximately 217 days. It was identified that the organization focused on its management towards efficiency, with four, which represents 57.14 % of the total. The main problem identified was the poor technical condition and pedestrian design of the road network. A system of corrective actions is proposed for the main deficiencies found.

The implementation and improvement of innovation management systems are important actions in organizations. The standardized approach to innovation requires the development of a diagnosis prior to these changes. This article aims to present a procedure designed to diagnose innovation management in organizations, from a standardized approach. For this, theoretical methods such as inductive-deductive, analysis and synthesis, and functional structural systemic were applied and as empirical methods used in Granma organizations: the review of official documents, observation, conversational interview, and the criteria of experts in its variant pairwise comparison. A procedure was designed for the diagnosis of innovation management, valued as appropriate and feasible to apply in the organizations of the territory.

The objective of this work was to carry out a first approach to the diagnosis of the labor fluctuation of young researchers in five social science research centers in Havana. For it, a brief tour of the concepts Human Resource Management, Human Capital and Intellectual Capital was made, to achieve integration in a definition that relates the activity carried out by young researchers, with the consolidation of knowledge, opportunities, intellectual production and organizational development. As part of the diagnosis, a AWOT Matrix developed. Some examples related to practices for the retention of intellectual capital in organizations were analyzed. These assessments are the starting point for the development of a management model that contributes to the job retention of these professionals.

The aim of the work was to study the kinetic parameters of the isothermal crystallization of fat blends at different temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fat blends are composed of fully hydrogenated rice bran oil (FHRBO) and soybean oil (SBO) at different proportions (20, 25, 30, 30, 35 and 40 % FHRBO), being both materials previously purified. In addition, some blends were selected and added a known amount of phytosterols. Kinetic parameters were quantified by applying the Avrami model that determines the induction time (generation of crystal nuclei, ti), nucleation mechanism (Avrami exponent, n) and crystal growth (kinetic constant, k). It was observed that higher percentage of FHRBO and lower crystallization temperature ti decrease and k increase. The faster kinetics observed is due to the contribution of tri-saturated triglycerides and a higher degree of supercooling. In the blend with 35 % of FHRBO, the addition of phytosterols at the concentrations studied promoted an increase in ti and a reduction in k, prolonging nucleation and generating a slow crystal growth. However, for the blend with 20% of FHRBO an increase in ti and k was observed.

Potentiometry and conductometry are the most common electroanalytical methods in laboratories. One of the advantages of electrochemical methods is the possibility to construct low-cost, non-commercial instrumentation since the physical interaction and the physico-chemical response of the system are electrical in nature. Low-cost, non-commercial instrumentation provides access to methods for both research and teaching; it also allows adaptation to experimental designs or processes with specific requirements such as real-time monitoring. Several authors have worked on the development of low-cost potentiometric and conductometric instrumentation, implementing systems that contemplate from the electrodes to the measuring instrument. In this work, a review of low-cost, non-commercial potentiometric and conductometric methods is presented, starting from quite simple instrumentation to more advanced electronic circuits. The works discussed demonstrates that it is possible to construct potentiometric and conductometric instrumentation with analytical results within the requirements for chemical analysis.

Phosphate rock, raw material used to produce fertilizers, due to its composition can be a source of metals, radionuclides and other traces. The application of phosphate fertilizers can redistribute and increase the concentrations of both metals and radionuclides in soiland water profiles, influencing their availability and subsequent transfer to the food chain. Knowing the proportion of this transfer is essential due to the implications it can have on human and animal health. This work studies the sample treatment, radiochemicalseparation and deposition/electrodeposition conditions for the quantification of polonium-210, uranium-238 and uranium-234 by alpha spectrometry for a Uruguayan agricultural system. Both processes require optimization for each type of matrix, to avoid the self-absorption effect as well as possible interference from other radionuclides present in the sample. The method was verified by quantifying polonium-210, uranium-238 and uranium-234 in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reference materials: IAEA-447 soil, IAEA-434 phosphogypsum, IAEA-330 spinach. These radionuclides were quantified in environmental matrices and the results were compared with those obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), showing comparable results and indicating that the developed radiochemical separation is suitable for the determination of uranium and polonium radionuclides by alpha spectrometry in the studied matrices. 

There is a growing concern regarding the cadmium (Cd) levels in cacao products and cocoa derivates. This concern led to the establishment of a tolerable intake and to decrease of the maximum levels (ML). For this reason, levels of Cd on these foods need to be monitored and it is necessary to have reliable and environmentally friendly analytical methods. To fit with this purpose, an analytical method for the determination of Cd in cocoa powder and its preparation with milk was developed and validated. The method turned out to be adequate for the objectives, with the advantage of a minor consumption of acid during the sample preparation that the AOAC International (2016b). This method was applied for the determination of Cd concentration in samples from the local market in Montevideo, Uruguay. Although all samples have a detectable Cd concentration, all where bellow the maximum levels accepted. 

Oleogels are particularly important as they can be used as a replacement for fatty materials for food use, although their use is conditioned by their shelf life. In this context, thermal properties of sunflower oil (AG) oleogels with beeswax (CA) and carnauba wax (CC) as structurants at different concentrations were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and their oxidative deterioration at room temperature as a function of storage time. According to oleogels melting thermograms, the increase of the structurant concentration caused an increase in the peak temperatures. The ranges associated with the destructuring temperature were between 26.3 and 60.8 °C and 35.9 and 86.1 °C while the corresponding enthalpies ranged from 1.5 to 6.5 J/g and 3.3 to 13.3 J/g for CA and CC, respectively. The results for oxidative deterioration were higher for the CC oleogels. This indicates that CA oleogels have a higher resistance to oxidation and thus higher oxidative stability. In conclusion, the oleogels studied could only be used in foods with a shelf life of less than 6 months.