Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: This research intends to visualize the power exercised by food and its prohibition as a form of control and submission as an act of violence. Methodology: Within the framework of cultural studies and based on bibliographical analysis, it outlines some historical and current events that frame the use of power in order to submit and dominate a fundamental right of all human beings. Results: These events can serve as a clear example. This is how the entitlement of power (not in a symbolic level, but corporal) is used by humanity against its equals through food, defining how this corporal-feeding violence has been used, and the same violence that is still present nowadays Limitations: this text does not include the perception of victims of food violence, which could complement the analysis carried out. Conclusions: it remains in evidence the use of power in order to submit and dominate a body through feeding, an exercised power –resented and re-felt– over the biological and the cultural.

The debate on border concept or on the dimension and meaning of the border has been regained in the light of the increasing transnational migration, and the national malaise derived from the scarce results of the commercial globalization. The text addresses these issues in a context of notorious political and economic tensions in both Europe and North America.

Objective: Perform a bioeconomic analysis of the fishery of jumbo squid fishery Dosidicus gigas in northwestern Mexico. Methodology: The population dynamics was modeled using Schaefer´s algorithm (1954). This was with two pairs of values for the intrinsic population growth rate (r). Those represents the increase of a population in a given period. Also represents the carrying capacity: (k); r = 1.23 year-1, k = 243,836 t and r = 1.68-1, k = 190,468 t. Official data were used for total annual catch (1974-2012), and fishing effort (2010-2012), differentiated for small boats and ships, as 2012 is the last year with commercial catches, prior to the collapse that began in 2013 and that remains. Fishing costs and selling prices were obtained through interviews with anglers in the region. The Schaefer´s biological model and the bioeconomic model of two-fleet competing for a stock, with fishing power, costs and product value different for each fleet were appliqued. Results: Total effort in 2012 was close to that needed for the maximum economic yield fMEY in both fleets, and the total authorized effort was operating in suboptimal levels between the effort in fMEY and the effort in bioeconomic equilibrium fBE, reaching a population equilibrium PE at 34 % of k, regardless the values of r and k. The estimated biomass in economic equilibrium BEEC was very low, in the order of 16 % of k for small boats and 32 % of k for ships, with small boats being below the required limit reference point of 20 % of k, established in the National Fishing Chart of Mexico. Limitations: There are no official data available after 2012: The study assumes a constant catchability coefficient. Conclusions: If density-dependent catchability exists, the estimated biomass must have been smaller than the one obtained with the biological model (19 %), meaning that small boats could have already reached their fMEY, at a biomass level that is risky to the stock.

Objective: The study examine the impacts of PEI program in Sonora state by means of the construction of a model that allows to evaluate the moderating weight of factors related to firm´s characteristics and project´s characteristics. Methodology: With the information obtained from an own survey applied to a sample of 39 beneficiary companies of the program, located in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, a multiple linear regression model is designed to demonstrates the effect of a series of variables that act as moderators of the impact of the program on firm´s innovation and competitiveness. For the selection of the model, the Akaike information criterion is used. Results: The net impact of the program on innovation inputs is defined by the quality of the proposals and the cability to assimilate knowledge, mainly; while the net effects on the products are moderated by the existence of an internal R & D department, the linkage, the quality of the projects and the capacity to absorb knowledge. Limitations: The sample´s size is very small, which has implications on the level of generalization of the findings; data are based on the perception of the beneficiaries, for which they may be subject to biases; the model does not include variables of a contextual type, such as the technological intensity of the sectors. Conclusions: There was evidence of a net contribution effect of the subsidies granted by the PEI to the R&D&I resources of the beneficiary companies, on the one hand, and to indicators of business performance and performance in innovation, on the other. This effect is moderated by factors such as internal R&D, size of the company, absorptive capacity, innovation capacity, proposals´ quality and links with universities and research centers.

Objective: To analyze the tourism development potentialities of Ures, Sonora, Mexico, in relation to the architectonic components of the town´s urban image, as well as the perceptions of the different actors in the tourism sector. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive study; the technics used included the application of a tourist survey, semi structured interviews; also, a participative workshop was held with local residents. Results: In general, the valorization of visitors to Ures as a destination image has a different connotation to that perceived by local residents. To the latter, the meaning is more profound, arguing that the original constructions contain important aspects of their cultural identity, which cannot be expressed by other means. The rise of Ures architectonic heritage is strongly linked to its historic and economic development; in spite of the recognition of the importance of this legacy, at present most of the buildings are in open detriment. Limitations: This paper offers a first approach to the study of urban image related to tourism in Ures; nonetheless, a more detailed evaluation of each historic legacy element should be carried out, as a basis of design and implementation of projects of tourism development focused on this type of resources. Conclusions: In order to take advantage of the opportunities offered by tourism, among other things, it is necessary to adjust and revalorize the tangible resources of Ures´s historic legacy, through and effective articulation of the different actors in the tourism activity. The town of Ures, being the main entrance to the Region of Rio Sonora, could stimulate considerably the sustainable tourism development of this large area.

Objective: Is to analyze relation between collaboration and innovation in Food Trucks (FT) that have conformed Gastro-Parks in Tijuana (México) in order to consolidate this type of business. Methodology: Having regard to the above our research uses qualitative and quantitative tools (25 in depth interviews and 57 questionnaires). Results: Gastro-Parks support an innovative proposal. The main collaborative actions developed by the FT Gastro-Parks are those related with their image, promotion and the analysis of consumer preferences, customer service and the extensive use of data with suppliers. Limitations: The mayor constraints are 1) the role of factors as the experience in the market, as well as the use of technology that could be compared in further research, and 2) the role of day-to-day management in order to evaluate the economic viability and their impact in the development of gastronomy identity. Conclusions: Our analyses point to a moderate correlation between collaborative actions and innovation among FT Gastro-Parks. In order to reinforce this business FT Gastro-Parks must consider other collaborative efforts rather than those related to customers or suppliers; if FT Gastro-Parks can develop them, they could consolidate as an attractive option for residents and tourists.

Objective: To analyze the current situation of the agri-food system in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM), as well as the modifications in consumption and food supply to which the habitants of that region have been subjected. Methodology: This was determined through a sociohistorical journey about the memory of the agri-food system in the ZMVM; also, the application of a survey about the consumption and food supply and contrasted the data with related bibliographic sources. Results: There is a relationship between current patterns of consumption and population processes at the region. The food consumption in the ZMVM have a westernized diet with high contents of sugars, carbohydrates and preservatives. The 44% of the survey’s participants destined greater economic resources to satisfy the consumption of processed foods, mainly dairy products, sausages, bread and flours. Limitations: This study may be affected by the size of the sample and the representativeness of the instrument motivated by its virtual nature. Conclusions: The reality of the agri-food system in the ZMVM is, mainly dominated by the industry and transnational food distribution companies; as well as a disarticulation of the local agricultural production and the consequent dependence of other productive zones, beyond the Mexican economic policies of the second half of the XX century and sharpened in the validity of the NAFTA.

Objective: Identify the actions (public policy) tending to generate the conditions that enable or not the materialization of the right to food, its effective realization, in the most marginalized areas of Mexico. Methodology: From a public policy perspective, the rights-based approach is applied as an appropriate methodological tool for analysis, design, and implementation of food policy. From the constitutionalist theory, it is proposed to know the state's obligations in the area of the right to food, explore the type of food consumed most often in marginalized areas of Mexico, as well as identifying the causes that limit or hinder the development of policies relating to the right to food. Results: In advance, in the national legal framework, with respect to guaranteeing the right to food is one of the significant findings in this study; however, access, quality and accessibility of food remains an urgent task for the country's most marginalized populations. Limitations: The data collected do not express the social and cultural reality of the communities with respect to the criterion of adaptability, that is, a culturally accepted diet (preferences) and the appropriate quantity (food rations). Conclusion: The right to food shall be guaranteed insofar that food security is recognized as a human right and not only as a necessity. Further discussion is needed to establish, if food policies provide a survival ration, or whether it is time to update the policies to provide a ration that supports the maintenance of a satisfactory state of health within the social contexts. It's a state-pending task.

Objective: To analyze aspects of the design and management of the Sustainable Livestock Production Program and Livestock and Beekeeping Management (PROGAN), assessing effects on productive units to establish compliance with their objectives. Methodology: The regulations of the PROGAN have been revised, open interviews have been applied to their operators and data from a national sample survey were processed to 2,420 beneficiaries, on which productive indicators related to the 2010 baseline were designed and estimated. A second measurement in 2013 calculating exchange rates between the two years. Results: Marginal effects at the farm level were detected according to the different indicators attributed to design limitations and obstacles in the instrumentation. Limitations: the study must be complemented with an in-depth management analysis of the PROGAN. Conclusions: A program of conditioned support is not the ideal instrument to achieve results in productivity and sustainability of Mexican livestock.

Objective: In this paper, we examine the causal relationship between economic growth and air passenger transport in México in the period of 2003-2017. Methodology: We applied a cointegration analysis using Pedroni and Johansen test and vector error, correction models as well as causality Granger test. Result: Suggests that a higher volume of traffic influences the direction of causality. We discuss the policy implications. Limitations: The main limitation is that this analysis contains just two variables. Conclusions: exist a long run unidirectional Granger causality, which runs from air passenger to economic growth.