Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To highlight the importance that the approach of proximity has in the study of the relations of production and agrifood consumption between central and peripheral areas of the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City. This approach contributed by the French school of economic geography focuses its interest on territoriality as a strategic resource of economic actors and on the organizational impact of urban-rural relations in a multidimensional sense. Methodology: Is based on two components, one of a conceptual nature that facilitated the construction of an interpretation model and some typology for the Mexican case. The other, is a descriptive component one through the analysis of geospatial data and cartographic representations, which allowed inferring the dimensions of the territorial interactions between the mayor's office of Milpa Alta (formerly Political Delegation), south of Mexico City, and the rest of the metropolitan area of the big city. Both run under the perspective of geography and territorial studies in their connection with organizational institutionalism. Results: The central question questions whether the approach of proximity has a strategic value for the understanding of the new productive forms and demands of alternative food products that the urban consumer of middle class demands, for which the production of cactus and its derivatives was taken as an example. Limitations: Scarce relational information on the circulation of merchandise between perimetropolitan areas and consumption centralities within the city. Conclusions: The correctness of the use of the conceptual and methodological approach used is proven; they are approximate regarding the measurement of the intensity of relations of geographic and relational proximity between rururban producers of Milpa Alta and metropolitan consumers in emerging areas of the big city.

Objective: This paper presents the results of a research that analyzed the causes of migration and social deficiencies in the region of Puebla, state of Mexico. The period goes from 2000 to 2010, while focusing on climate change projections for 2020. Public Policy that promotes sustainable regional development is recommended. Methodology: In conjunction, statistical analysis and spatial analysis are applied because this unified method allows to locate regions with specific social issues, and predict future climate variations at the same places. Results: Migration is expanding all over Puebla, social deficiencies levels are different in every municipality. Likewise, the impact of climate change is dissimilar throughout the region. Limitations: The scope of the research is Puebla. Nevertheless, it applies a new method that correlates social problems with climate change. Conclusion: In 2020, the geographic zones with the highest degree of international migration and medium social deficiencies will suffer the biggest impact from climate change; therefore, it is concluded that social behavior of the

Objective: This work, made from a historical perspective, aims to show the usefulness of data contained in agrarian censuses to know the social history of the villages; and contribute to the knowledge of the socio-productive history of the Bavispe River villages in the first decades of the twentieth century. Methodology: The procedural logic of the research process has allowed combining qualitative and quantitative elements by relating information obtained in historical collections with secondary sources, to identify forms of economic activity. Results: Elements related to the origin and development of the agrarian censuses in Mexico are identified, their usefulness in research processes of historical-social character is shown, and concrete contribution is made to the knowledge of the socio-productive history of eleven villages of the Bavispe River. Limitations: Some elements from two of the villages were analyzed less deeply, due to the characteristics of the found information. Conclusions: Based on the agrarian censuses, it has been possible to build a socio-productive representation about those villages for the defined period (1915-1940), in which the agricultural areas were specially valued and disputed by the inhabitants of the region. It has been possible to observe characteristics of their socio-productive situation at the time of requesting land: the situation of most of the inhabitants of these places was socially marginal.

Objective: Identify how the Socio-Ecological System (SES) of the Sonora River sub-basin responds to different territorial expressions that mark each of the exploitation regimes based on three perspectives: ecological scale, scope of conservation policies and social context. Methodology: Description of the context; identification of territorial dynamics through a Geographic Information System in a period of 40 years through the geometric superimposition of vector information technique. Results: Territorial interrelation between different production links of SSE, hydrological alteration, successive increase of land uses and vegetation changes; there is a limited scope of ecological regulation policies; as well as decreasing demographic trend in rural areas and significant levels of marginalization. Limitations: The margin of error of the official cartographic inputs is assumed. Conclusions: The different disturbances due to land use, the limited ecological regulation and the demographic context of SES generate a cyclical and reduced resilience, where adaptive changes have resulted in a prolongation of the same in / sustainability of the sub-basin through time.

Objective: To identify the logic of operation of the productive chain, cooperation through benefits-responsibilities assumed by average producers and the relationship of certain key actors with the installed technological capacity. Methodology: Secondary information was supplemented with the collection of visits to plots, focused interviews and surveys of key producers. Results: In spite of the geographical proximity, there are relative flashes of relational proximity, interaction of members, belonging by rules and routines, collective learning and cohesion of the system. Limitations: nopal-vegetable and prickly pear-fruit is perhaps the highest productive chain evaluated and / or studied by the public agrarian public policy, to a lesser academic extent, existed satiety that limits the sensitivity of the small producer. Conclusion: Due to the results obtained, the organic bio-preparations together with the relational proximity, can contribute to an institutional proximity in the nopal production in Hidalgo.

Objective: To develop an approach for food vulnerability analysis incorporating the three basic components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Methodology: There was calculated and analyzed the magnitude of the food vulnerability on the basis of three components of vulnerability expressed in indexes: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The index of adaptive capacity was represented by capitals: human, financial, physical, social and natural. The indicators used were related to the elements of food security; availability, access, stability and utilization. Results: 20.72 % of the population were identified as high or very high food vulnerability index. Limitations: The statistical information about the persons and families benefited by the support programs was dispersed. Conclusions: Through the application of this approach, it was identified that financial capital, which considers transfers through support programs derived from social policies, reduces food vulnerability in the municipalities under study.

Objective: In this work the concept of artisanality is discussed in order to have elements to differentiate artisanal foods from those produced by modern industry. Methodology: It is argued that the qualities of work are the correct dimensions to define the artisanal nature. Results: It is stated that the characteristics of artisanal foods derive from a low scale of production, an intensive use of family labor, low intensity in the use of machinery and equipment and low speed of technological change. Limitations: It is essential to discuss, from an ethical perspective, the ways in which food is produced, confonting the discourse of modern ethics of food and its alternatives. Conclusions: If it is assumed that the qualities of work are those that confer the artisanal property to a food product, the possibility that modern industry can supplant them using advances in research and technological developments is eliminated.

Objective: Interpret the gastronomic and emotional significance of a recipe preferred by older women from the province of Concepción, Chile, analyzing the importance of the recipe, its form of preparation, and who transmitted it, as well as, the frequency of preparation, and the maintenance of the ingredients and the transfer of the recipe. Methodology: For the realization of a digital recipe book, a group of 18 older adult women was invited. Whit the use of a semi-structured interview, they were asked to identify a favorite recipe, to then delve into various factors that are constructed from a culinary preparation. The answers were recorded, transcribed, separated by unit of meaning and reorganized to be analyzed through the technique of content analysis. Results: The gastronomy represented in an elder women favorite recipe is positively valued, under the significance of healthy diet, in accordance with ingredients from plant sources that are used in its preparations. There is a cross-generational transmission with a strong feminine role, and the perception that, despite some ingredients in the recipe have been modified, the culinary preparations are still healthy. Limitations: It is based on the need to expand interviews with elderly women of different sociocultural profiles. Conclusions: From the interpretation of the participants, to go back to the traditional cuisine allows an important opportunity to keep a healthier diet, linked to the emotional contribution delivered by a culinary recipe.

La literatura que analiza el Estado con una mirada micro-política no es muy amplia en Argentina. Burocracia Plebeya, La trastienda de la asistencia social en el Estado argentino brinda un análisis sociológico del funcionariado medio del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social en Argentina durante los gobiernos de Néstor y Cristina Kirchner y muestra a través de una estrategia etnográfica rigurosa, aspectos esenciales de las prácticas y pensamiento burocrático, detrás de la búsqueda de mayor proximidad con los sectores vulnerables, como meta y forma esencial de lo institucional. 

In recent years, several Latin American countries have implemented different strategies to extend old-age pension coverage to older adults previously excluded from traditional social security. While they share the adoption of not-strictly contributory mechanisms, these strategies vary in the distributive principles and the models of solidarity and equity underlying them, so they have different distributive impacts. In particular, this paper analyzes three strategies: Argentina illustrates a model guided to some extent by the contributory principle, Bolivia is inclined to a model based on the principle of citizenship, and Mexico illustrates a model guided by the principle of necessity. The relevance of this article is to discuss the principles that characterizes different pension schemes in Latin America.