ISSN: 2310-2799
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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Pla-Barber, José; Villar, Cristina; Botella, Ana
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Recently, from the business sector different claims have emerged highlighting the intangible value that Spain could offer as a "springboard" in the process of interregional expansion of European multinationals towards Latin America. In this study we provide theoretical and empirical content to this reality, offering a general overview of the profile of the springboard subsidiary and its characteristics through a sample of 188 subsidiaries located in Spain. We provide guidance to business practice facilitating legitimacy in their investments in foreign regions, particularly in emerging countries where there is a greater risk of loss of value.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Durán, Juan José; Álvarez, Isabel
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
The evolution of the geography of FDI has direct implications in the global economy, where a portfolio of multinational enterprises (MNE) of a different nature coexists: From the traditional multinationals to those from emerging economies, State owned multinationals and sovereign funds. The coevolution of international and multilateral institutions, have created a multilevel governance structure of MNEs while policies in the international cooperation scene may be beneficial for reaching sustainable development goals.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Zaballa, Juan José
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
This article pursues as a basic objective the formulation of a theoretical proposal concerning the elements and determinants of the decision regarding direct investment. To do so, it begins with a succinct theoretical approach involving the clear differentiation and independence of the decisions regarding direct investment and exportation, within the process of the company’s internationalisation. It then proposes a model in which four forces: singular factors and aggregate factors, with a dual “push” and “pull” nature, will determine the decision regarding direct investment abroad, characterised by answering four basic questions as to What , How much, How and Where to make said investment.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Elia, Stefano; Giuffrida, Maria; Piscitello, Lucia
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
The effects of the digital revolution on the internationalisation process of SMEs are yet to be addressed. This empirical evidence drawn from a recent survey on Italian companies operating in the food and fashion industries shows that only a few Italian companies use e-commerce to grow in foreign markets: SMEs still face traditional obstacles and new e-commerce-specific barriers arise, such as the lack of knowledge concerning foreign digital markets, the legal requirements for e-commerce and the lack of knowledge concerning the appropriate digital channels or online payment systems.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Gugler, Philippe
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
This contribution identifies the main recent patterns affecting the international investment policy landscape. It reflects the main developments and challenges that call for reforms at national and international levels and comprises three parts. The first part is dedicated to national investment policies promoting or restricting international investments. The second covers the developments occurring at international policy level — new developments regarding international investment agreements (IIAs) and other treaties are discussed. The third part focuses on the three main policy, societal and technological developments influencing the new development of investment policies at national or international levels: Countries’ sustainable goals for economic development, the new industrial policy measures applied by some major trading nations and, finally, the predominance of the digital economy, which affects the way firms do business.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Martínez Orbegozo, Eva Flavia
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Schools are the environments in which educational policies are put into practice and, as such, their high level of organisational complexity is a key factor to consider for the effective implementation of changes aimed at educational improvement. This article discusses the capacity for collaboration among teachers as a fundamental element of school culture and especially relevant given the high degree of teacher isolation in the case of Spain. It reviews the evidence that links collaboration with teacher development and outlines the necessary elements to promote collaborative spaces in schools as well as the challenges associated with them.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Bolívar Botia, Antonio
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
A review of school management policies is carried out ?from a comparative perspective? with the Anglo-Saxon sphere in general and with Portugal in particular. Describing the deficits and demands, it is argued that school management policies in Spain require a change of regulation model: from a vertical-bureaucratic management to horizontal and participative governance based on autonomy, commitment and accountability, in order to generate a new way of managing public policies. A new governance of education requires new organizational designs of schools.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Moya Otero, José
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
The article presents a review of the Skills Strategy for Spain (OECD-ECE), it outlines the main challenges that the OECD defined in its report, it assesses the strengths and weaknesses of that strategy and proposes that the construction of a national skills system be pursued and used as a basis to help make our country a true learning society. Throughout the article, the challenges that the OECD-ECE strategy involve are presented, as well as the diagnostic that it used as a reference, to conclude that the most significant weakness our country presents involves having a strategy in place without a well-defined agent to implement it.
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Montalbán Castilla, José
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Some of the fundamental challenges with regard to university systems in developed countries include the regressivity of funding via general taxes; the pressure on their public budgets due to the increase in the number of students; the poor performance of their university institutions and students; and unequal access according to socioeconomic level. This paper examines how a change from the current system funded using general taxes to one based on income contingent loans could help to solve several of these problems. The study analyses the implications with regards to efficiency and equity of four common systems (funded by taxes or loans), with a particular application for Spain
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Año:
2019
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Gortazar, Lucas
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
equality of opportunities?
This article attempts to answer the question of whether or not the Spanish educational system favours equity or equality of opportunities. For this, the relationship between students’ socioeconomic origin and three different performance indicators is analysed: the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (external evaluation), the level of repeats (internal evaluation) and early educational leaving (educational achievement). The results are very different depending on the performance indicator used and raise concerns about the equity of the Spanish educational model which, if confirmed, would require a rethinking of the curriculum model and the internal evaluation system.
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