Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper offers a diachronic interpretation of the ancient human occupation of the Tormes and Corneja valleys (Ávila), chronologically including the cultural times between the II Iron Age to the High Middle Ages (2nd century BC - 10th century AD). The information on the deposits comes from extensive and intensive systematic surveys as well as some archaeological excavations. For the first time it is presented a diachronic and comparative analysis of the old settlement in this mountain area and of the dynamics that marked its transformation during the Roman period and Late Antiquity. By using Geographic Information Techniques (GIS), all the archaeological information related to the sites documented in this area has been compiled and analyzed together with that relating to its spatial context (ways of communication, toponymy, natural resources, physical environment, etc.). All this allows us to, on the one hand, trace the evolution of the settlement in this territory, offering a vision of long reach and, on the other hand, insert this sector serrano in the processes that define this period in other nearby areas, especially in the neighboring lands in Salamanca and Madrid.

The church of Saint Anthony of Padua (Mazarrón, Murcia), dated from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 16th century, was built due to the influence and power that the Velez marquisate had on Mazarrón by the exploitation of alum ore. The temple underwent several reforms and extensions over time, modifying its simple original structure to give it the characteristics that define the building today. In this paper we aim to study the patronage of such marquisate on the temple, especially from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 18th century. We have proved that this patronage was not completely true, and the building work was not totally sponsored.In addition to other aspects, this paper also studies the chronology and the artistic and historic development of the church, which has not been properly studied and whose books of factory have not been preserved. We have also added unpublished information verified with already known sources.

The need for the Portuguese Restoration War arose between 1640 and 1668, becoming imperative the defense of the Alentejo border through the adaptation of the old military defenses and the elaboration of new projects. In this context, the case of the fortification of Évora, in the Alentejo province, stands out. This fortification was one of the most problematic at the time, in terms of projection and the resolution of the works. The influence of some French military engineers who made fortification projects for Évora should be highlighted, giving special focus to the case of the confrontation between the military engineer Pierre de Saint-Colombe and the Portuguese treatise Luís Serrão Pimentel. These analyses will be made from original documentation existing in the National Archive of Torre do Tombo and in the Library of the Ajuda (Lisbon), in the Public Library of Évora, and in the National Library of Spain (Madrid).

Introducción: El mundo globalizado ha facilitado la proliferación de los contactos entre las culturas. Ello ha conllevado transformaciones culturales y sociales, a menudo resultando en profundas divergencias sociales. Ante este panorama cambiante, un nuevo debate desafía las políticas públicas. Y el poder de la cultura como requisito de la paz, fuente de bienestar y como recurso para el desarrollo sostenible es más importante que nunca.Con el fin de conocer la potencialidad de las políticas culturales en el territorio teniendo como base un contexto asentado en la diversidad cultural y el diálogo intercultural, la presente investigación se centra en las políticas culturales elaboradas en el municipio de Botkyrka, al sur de la provincia de Estocolmo (Suecia), a través del estudio del caso de la fundación Mångkulturellt centrum.Método: El método cualitativo de la investigación es el aplicado en el estudio, desarrollando un trabajo descriptivo y exploratorio, donde la teoría y la lógica están unidas. A través del paradigma interpretativo hemos conseguido realizar el estudio de un contexto particular y enfatizar la comprensión de la experiencia humana. Las tres técnicas aplicadas son el estudio de caso, el análisis de contenido y entrevistas focalizadas (semiestructuradas) a expertos del propio centro de estudio del caso.Resultados: El caso de Mångkulturellt centrum permite estudiar el análisis detallado de la fundación como proyecto que mejora la diversidad cultural y el diálogo intercultural en el territorio, identificamos acciones concretas aplicadas y exitosas, y detectamos desafíos a los que se enfrentan las políticas locales en la actualidad.Conclusión: La investigación corrobora la importancia de tener organizaciones públicas que logren competencias interculturales, se abran al diálogo intercultural y trabajen junto con los propios inmigrantes y otros actores sociales. Los proyectos y prácticas inspirados en el diálogo intercultural tienen el potencial de producir valores nuevos e inclusivos. Introduction: The globalized world has facilitated the proliferation of contacts between cultures. This situation has led to cultural and social transformations, often resulting in deep social divergences. Faced with this changing reality, a new debate challenges public policy. And the power of culture as a requirement for peace, a source of well-being and as a resource for sustainable development is more important than ever.In order to know the potential of cultural policies in the territory based on a cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue context, this research focuses on cultural policies developed in the municipality of Botkyrka, south of the province from Stockholm (Sweden), through the case study of the Mångkulturellt centrum foundation.Method: The qualitative method of research is applied in the study, developing a descriptive and exploratory work, where theory and logic are linked. Through the interpretive paradigm we have managed to study a particular context and emphasize the understanding of human experience. The three techniques applied are the study of the case, the content analysis and focused interviews (semi-structured) to experts from the foundation.Results: Mångkulturellt centrum case allows us to study the detailed analysis of the foundation as a project that improves cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue in the territory, we identify successful actions, and we detect challenges faced by local policies at the present.Conclusion: The research corroborates the importance of having public organizations that achieve intercultural competences, which are open to intercultural dialogue and work together with the immigrants themselves and other social actors. Projects and practices inspired by intercultural dialogue have the potential to produce new and inclusive values.

Venezuela durante el siglo XX fue un país receptor de migración internacional. La condición de nación de inmigrantes cambió en el nuevo siglo, al pasar de ser un país de recepción a ser una nación de expulsión. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar descriptivamente la movilidad de población desde Venezuela hacia España durante el lapso 1998 – 2017, periodo que coincide con el tiempo de la revolución bolivariana en el poder. El estudio se realiza con series estadísticas oficiales españolas, principalmente con las estadísticas definitivas del Padrón Continuo, del Ministerio de Relaciones Interiores y del Ministerio del Trabajo. Para el análisis de la migración desde Venezuela hacia España se adopta una periodización en tres momentos, construidos a partir de acontecimientos políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales, ocurridos en Venezuela a partir de 1998. Hasta el presente han arribado 255.071 venezolanos. La llegada de población a España ha sido, durante los tres momentos analizados, regulada, ordenada y segura. Venezuela during the twentieth century was a country receiving international migration. The status of immigrant nation changed in the new century, from being a country of attraction, to a nation of expulsion. The objective of this paper is to descriptively analyze the mobility of population from Venezuela to Spain during the period 1998 – 2017, period that coincides with the Bolivarian revolution time. The study is mainly carried out using official Spanish statistical series of the Padron Continuo, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Labor. For the analysis of the migration from Venezuela to Spain, a periodization is adopted in three moments, based on political, economic, social and cultural events that took place in Venezuela since 1998. To date, 255.071 Venezuelans have arrived. The arrival of population to Spain has been, during the three analyzed moments, regulated, ordered and safe.

This work measures the sensitivity of the residual volatility of the risk premiums of various Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) sectors to systemically important economic events between January 2, 1985, and December 30, 2016. To this end, the residual yields of the REITs are calculated and, with them, a GARCH (1,1) model is estimated, with dummy variables that identify eleven sub-periods delimited by systemic events that occurred in the American economy. The volatility of residual yields is found to decrease with the S&P500 risk premium, and increases only for some sectors with increases in Treasury Bond yields (T-Bills). Similarly, residual yield volatility increased in some periods (e.g., after the Black Monday crash, the low-quality mortgage crisis, and the Great Recession), but did not during the period of stock market collapse caused by companies in the “new economy” (known as the dot-com bubble). Knowledge of these stylized facts opens up new risk management possibilities for those investors considering in including these alternative investments in their portfolios.

(Co-movements between Stock Market Indices and Economic cycles: The case of US and Mexico)The aim of this paper is to identify the co-movements between the Dow Jones stock index (DJ) of the United States of America (US) and the Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) of Mexico along with the economic cycles of both countries. A novel approach using concepts and models widely accepted in the study of economic cycles is developed to explain this relationship, in particular: trend, cycle, turning points, conformity and synchrony. Finding points show that trend of the DJ index and the mexican economy indicator (SICCA) present high conformity. On the other hand, the financial cycles of the DJ and IPC present an almost coincident synchrony. Some variables such as exchange rate, credit and political cycles that also influence economic cycles are not taken into account. The originality of this paper is the study of the relationship between financial cycles obtained from the main stock indexes and economic cycles. It is concluded that the cycles of the DJ and IPC anticipate economic cycles of both US and Mexico with at least four months.

(The relationship between theft and youth male unemployment in Mexico, 2005-2017)Using the theory of rational choice, we econometrically tested the economic determinants of theft through a BVAR that analyzes the relationship of theft with the precariousness of the labor market and the unemployment rate of men aged 15 to 24 years without higher education. We found that there is a vicious cycle between the precariousness of the labor market, theft, unemployment and economic activity. Therefore, we suggest that an efficient public security policy would be one that not only strongly fights crime but also simultaneously addresses its socioeconomic origin and reduces impunity. The main limitation is not considering other determinants such as spending on security, but the robustness of the results does not indicate that it is a deficiency. This article demonstrates that the determinants of theft can be explained by this approach and not just by antisocial behavior. It is necessary to articulate a multi-faceted strategy that could quickly reduce theft because otherwise, it will continue to proliferate.

(A model for minimizing maintenance costs of medical equipment using fuzzy logic)Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta un algoritmo basado en lógica difusa que modela un Plan de Gestión de Mantenimiento de Equipos Médicos, este se desarrolla en tres etapas: En la primera se genera un inventario funcional, siguiendo los protocolos recomendados por la OMS  e información de cada equipo. En la segunda, se acoplan tres protocolos de atención prioritaria, utilizados para seleccionar las funciones de pertenencia del sistema difuso. En la tercera, se genera una familia de escenarios mediante simulación de Monte Carlo, calculándose el grado de prioridad difuso de mantenimiento para los equipos. Los resultados logran que la selección de equipos del plan de mantenimiento anual se realice garantizando la disponibilidad de los equipos prioritarios. El elemento distintivo en este trabajo es la introducción de la estructura difusa en los algoritmos de Fennigkoh-Smith y el de Wang-Levenson, permitiendo de este modo que la selección del equipo médico se realice en forma automática limitando el error humano en el proceso.  Un área de oportunidad consiste en incorporar un proceso de optimización de costos de mantenimiento del equipo con una restricción presupuestaria. Se concluye que el sistema mostrado es amigable y robusto para los fines planteados.