Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

There is sufficient evidence of the problem due to the use of synthetic pesticides produced and marketed on a large scale. For this reason, there is a need to look for new alternatives of natural pesticides that contribute to agricultural production minimizing the risks that their use can cause. Therefore, the objective of this work was to recover the quinoa scarified residue to generate an organic insecticide, in addition to validating the product with fruit fly samples (Drosophila melanogaster). To obtain saponin, the ingredient which the insecticide is based on, the most efficient method was maceration in a 1:1 solution of water-alcohol for 96 hours at 20 degrees of temperature. The materials needed for the extraction are amber bottles and a tray dryer to remove moisture prior to maceration. Water and alcohol were used as main reagents. When extracted with the dry raw material (residue), a higher saponin yield was obtained. Then two formulations with different variations of extracted saponin were done. The first formulation with 20 g of saponin and the second formulation with 40 g of saponin. The treatments were applied by atomization in test of the LD50 with the death of 50% of insects put to test. The results indicate that formulation two is the most efficient since it resulted in the death of 50% of the insects in a specific number.

The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the Standardized Operational and Sanitation Procedures in the pig slaughtering area of ​​the MFL ESPAM Meat Shop, a diagnosis was made through a checklist to identify the sources of microbial contamination, being the most significant slaughtering operations; Microbiological analyzes of aerobic mesophiles, Salmonella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were performed, applied to pigs managing to detect the lack of microbiological safety. Subsequently, personnel who slaughter pigs were trained and the process line was improved to correct bad hygiene practices. A significant improvement was demonstrated through the checklist in the BPM compliance percentages, which had an 18% compliance before the implementation of the SOPs and SOPs compared with 43% after its execution. The microbiological results of the before and after the implementation of POE and POES were analyzed by binary logistic regression, and through the bus test it was shown that all the models planned for each pathogenic microorganism were significant (p <0.05), in addition to the regression It allowed to show that the implementation of POE and POES favors microbiological safety, with the probability of absence of 62.5% for Staphylococcus aureus, 79.2% for mesophilic aerobes and 50% for E. coli.  

The muicle (Justicia spicigera S.) is rich in phenolic compounds and is apreciated by his hypogleusemic effect, it mixed with protein and amaranth fiber (Amaranthus hipochondriacus L.) and with the antioxidants of the pulp of berries fruits can be made beverages with hight aceptance and nutritional value. Scarce studies have been carried out with extract of muicle for the made of functional beverages, so the objetive was to perform nutritional and sensorial characterization of two beverages, one made with whey (Beb1) and another with amaranth flour (Beb2) like protein sources, both mixed with muicle and berries fruit (Fragaria x Ananassa Douch. and Rubus spp). Sensory characteristics were evaluated with 50 volunteers and protein, fiber, fat, sodium, total solids, °Bx, pH, and titratable acidity were quantified in both beverages. The Beb2 received the highest acceptance with the sensory test and resulted with a total solids content (76 mg.L-1), titratable acidity (38.4%) and pH (5.2); besides a protein (9.25%) and fiber (16.67%) content acceptable. The fiber content of Beb1 was (14.5%) and protein (6.35%), with a caloric content of 44.1 kcal per 365 mL portion, while Beb2 was 40.2 kcal. Both beverages were in inocuos parameters established in mexican official norms. The Beb2 had the best nutritional characteristics, a lower caloric level and better acceptance than Beb1

The objective of the research was to determine the hygienic-sanitary quality of beef sold in market stalls and butcheries in the city of Calceta. the sources of contamination in the commercialization of beef were identified through a diagnosis, in which a compliance prerequisite checklist was used based on the NTE INEN 2687 standard. It was determined that the contamination is triggered by the lack of knowledge of the personnel about good commercialization practices and integral waste handling, lack of hygiene, lack of asepsis in work surfaces and tools, non-existent control of pests and presence of physical contaminants (dust, ambient temperature). Samples from 25 retail locations (18 market stalls and 7 butcheries) were analyzed microbiologically in two schedules (06:00 and 11:00 am) being Salmonella, Total Coliforms, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aerobic mesophilic the parameters analyzed, according to NTE INEN 1338. By this study, the presence of all the aforementioned was evidenced exceeding the majority of the maximum allowed limits. Overall, only 16% of the samples were within the acceptable ranges of microbial load. The probability of contamination for market stalls was determined to be higher than for butcheries. This allows us to conclude that good hygiene and handling practices should be applied to take care of the safety of meats and that the population is not affected by foodborne illnesses.

An investigation was carried out regarding the affectation of the constitutional right of the personal integrity of the women and the members of the family group in the process of family violence in the joint high court of the Tacna alliance in 2016, in consideration of Law No. 30364. 218 family violence cases were analyzed and 127 surveys were applied to the victims who were affected in their personal integrity. The investigation aims to demonstrate the existence of the violation of the constitutional right to personal integrity and regarding the operation of protective measures to safeguard the personal integrity of the victims and their effectiveness, as for approximately half of the victims, they did not avoid recidivism or new aggressions on the part of the aggressors. However, it is necessary to implement a technical proposal that contains new legal and administrative procedures that allow the determination of a better procedure both in the monitoring and control of its application for the protection of victims. Said proposal contemplates the granting of a greater participation of the Mixed Court or Family Module of the CSJT. Likewise, the elaborated proposal considers the creation of the position of Protective Lawyer, who would be attached to the Family Module as part of the multidisciplinary team and would be responsible for verifying compliance with the protection measures and the safeguarding of personal integrity as a fundamental right of the victims. The reform of the application of the Protection Measures contemplates new legal and administrative mechanisms that should be included in a law amending the regulation of violence against women and members of the family group currently in force, given that there is a great deal of impact on the personal integrity of the victims.

To the question of what to investigate, this study considered the question of Does the headmaster / headmistress’ style have any influence or not in students’ learning achievements. Using SIMCE evaluation in Fourth Graders as a reference to solve this question, overall the score interpretations of this test applied between 2012 and 2016 in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension sections. The results were taken from Simce webpage and they are part of public knowledge politics, however is not possible to find and determine leadership’s styles, which were obtain from results of surveys directed to a different variety of headmasters and mistresses from schools that belong to Antofagasta CMDS, selected at random, using Blake and Mouton Leadership Style Test. This test is an Aroldo David Noriega’s free translation, which can be found in an open internet platform. The crossing of this data becomes the indicators to develop the hypothesis that headmaster’s / headmistresses’ leadership style v/s student’s academic results, concluding that this hypothesis cannot be verified in 100%, due to the results of an external evaluation and results obtained through a survey do not show clarity of such hypothesis, in many cases, results were positive but not steady in time.

The study has allowed to relate the dependent and independent variables in the social context of an extended period of time to determine their behavior and correlation, raising the objective of determining the degree of inflection between both variables that significantly affect the collective working climate in the city Of Tacna; As well as of obtaining official information and analyzing comparatively the effects and characteristics of compliance with current regulations on collective labor relations in the Tacna region. The scientific method has been used it the inductive-deductive. The type of research is qualitative and the explanatory level of cross-section. As for the design is non-experimental obtaining the information of direct observation. The population of the study is that referred to the city of Tacna taking the sample of trade union organizations in the region to determine the behavior and degree of effectiveness of the standard. The instruments used were the interview and questionnaire. The study concludes that among the independent variables of normativity and weak collective relations there is correlation with the effects that the trade union crisis has had in Peru since the nineties, because the norms that regulate Collective Labor Relations do not promote the adequate exercise of the collective right of workers but their weakening. Regulatory deficiencies have been identified in terms of compliance with the recommendations of the International Labor Organization and the lack of policies to promote collective bargaining at the state level, which has led to direct social and economic consequences for the unionized population and not unionized. The normative change in this matter is there fore of urgent necessity, presenting a first proposal.

Otherwise they will be observed by the Institutional Control Body; Therefore, the purpose of the study is to: Determine how the budget programming process influences the use of public funds in the District Municipality of Ite, 2017. The level of investigation is explanatory. The population was constituted by the registries of the budgetary programming and the use of the public funds, of the year 2017, being a total of 60 registries. It was not necessary to obtain a sample. The instrument used was the document analysis guide. The results determined that the budgetary programming process significantly influences the use of public funds in the District Municipality of Ite, 2017, due to the fact that in the programmed and executed budget of income and expenses by source of financing in soles corresponding to the budget year 2017 of the District Municipality of Ite, in what refers to the programmed income budget is in PIM S /. 26 347 155 soles and a collection of S /. 27 303 756 soles, which represents 103.6%, exceeding the amount programmed; in terms of expenses, it was programmed in PIM S /. 26 347 155 soles, reaching S /. 20 139 382 soles, which represents 76.4% of the programmed budget.

The present investigation is aimed at determining the main landscape factors that influence the recovery of the Alameda Antigua sector. Avenue Bolognesi, Tacna-2018. The research centered its methodology, under a quantitative approach, basic type, non - experimental design of contrast level explanatory, this level is assumed because it establishes cause and effect between the variables: Main factors of recovery and recovery landscape. The questionnaire was applied as a measuring instrument; which allowed to collect information, relate and measure the variables of study, make correlations and comparisons. The sample consisted of 218 architects. The main factors that influence the recovery of the Alameda Antigua sector  of Avenida Bolognesi, Tacna-2018, are environmental conflicts and potentialities, social value and management mechanisms.

What does Tort Law seek through civil liability? Just deterrence? Punish the tortfeasor? Compensate the victim? The answers may be different according to certainly point of view, nevertheless we asked ourselves: what is “fair” in the civil liability context? Under that motivation, we tried to answer the following questions: is the way of justice suitable as is applied in non-economic loss cases in the Peruvian case law? And for that purpose, (i) we developed a philosophical framework about justices in this context, (ii) we described the legal doctrine and regulation framework, and (iii) we analyzed the criteria adopted in the Peruvian case law. Thus, through a systematic and dogmatic methods of interpretation, we reached a worrying conclusion: a suitable way of justice is not applied in Peruvian case law of non-economic loss in the context of Tort Law.