Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze both the employment situation and working conditions of artists in Mexico based on a historical and theoretical delimitation of the artist as a worker.Methodology: It is an exploratory study which has allowed the main topics of discussion around artists in Mexico to surface. A review of specialized literature has been conducted and available statistical sources have been used.Results and main findings: A historical-theoretical reconstruction of artists’ work has been done. Findings reveal that, in the case of Mexico, more than half of the artists are salaried, with precarious working conditions and low incomes; characteristics that are similar for self-employed workers. The level of education is high, but it does not correspond to the labor segments in which they find themselves.Limitations: The first results of this investigation, which is in process, are presented so it is necessary to delve into each of the segments of artistic work based on the findings at this point.

Purpose: To identify the biotechnological processes for the evaluation and treat waste produced from pig farms and wheat cultivation.Methodology: Scientific literature and governmental reports were reviewed in order to gather information and data.Results: Novel biotechnological processes to obtain products from wheat straw waste and pig wastewater were identified.Limitations: It focuses on microbial processes for the valuation of waste.Findings: The application of processes that allow the generation of energy by alternative means and the production of valuable chemical compounds, together with the reduction of waste entering the environment is proposed.

Gastronomy is the art of preparing a good meal considering good manufacturing practices and the quality of products and service thus generating a gastronomic tourism; The food and beverage service seeks to meet the needs and expectations of the customer from the moment they enter the establishment until the moment they leave the establishment. The goal of this research is to know how 4P it has become a strategic plan by gastronomic companies to empower the self of a type of market, these attracting customers and creating the trust that allows consumer loyalty. In the design of the research, the analytical method has been used to allow and know the perspective of the entrepreneur and the client through the assessment regarding the research of marketing mix or 4P in the gastronomic establishments of the city of Riobamba that focuses on a general and middle class as their target market, with an innovative product based on technological advertising because the consumer today is very technological through social networks, being fundamental for the development of gastronomic companies.

The same as with any company, gastronomic establishments must generate sufficient income to cover their costs and also obtain a reasonable profit for the investor that allows them to continue managing the establishment. To reach the level of expected income, it is very important to know what are the factors that affect sales so that the decisions taken are appropriate and generate the necessary income that will allow the economic sustainability of the business. The present study, of qualitative nature and deductive method, raises bibliographic information on the various factors or aspects that influence the sales process; which are key criteria during the management process. As a result of this research, a list of activities that are inherent to the success and fulfillment of business objectives is contemplated, which, identified, treated and applied, according to the stage or process of sale, will allow obtaining better economic returns.

Un tercio de todos los alimentos que se producen en el mundo se desperdician, mientras 821 millones de personas sufren de hambre en el mundo. El Ecuador está en la lista de países latinoamericanos que más desperdicia alimentos y, este absurdo desperdicio ocurre a pesar de que el 24,5 % de los ecuatorianos vive en condiciones de pobreza, extrema pobreza e indigencia. Como parte de la solución a esta problemática social, por iniciativa de profesores de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional se crea en Quito, hace 16 años, el primer Banco de Alimentos del Ecuador. Gracias a la colaboración decidida y constante de profesores, estudiantes y miembros de la comunidad que actúan como voluntarios, el Banco de Alimentos cumple con su objetivo de evitar el desperdicio de alimentos, generando acciones concretas que permitan combatir el hambre en la capital ecuatoriana. El Banco de Alimentos acopia y selecciona alimentos recibidos en donación, que se encuentran en óptimas condiciones, pero que han llegado al final del ciclo de comercialización y generalmente se desperdician. El alimento recuperado se distribuye entre personas en situación de vulnerabilidad alimentaria que se ubican en sectores con altos índices de pobreza. El modelo de vinculación con la sociedad que realiza la Escuela Politécnica Nacional a través del Banco de Alimentos ha permitido que hasta la fecha se hayan recuperado más de 1,7 millones de kilos de alimento equivalentes a más de 4 millones de raciones. El alimento recuperado en el 2018 se distribuyó a 13413 personas de los sectores más desposeídos de la ciudad, que pertenecen a 77 instituciones y 655 familias de escasos recursos. El Banco de Alimentos es actualmente uno de los programas de vinculación más grandes que mantiene actualmente la universidad y que busca ser replicado en todo el país.

La integración regional ha sido el punto de partida del desarrollo económico de muchos países en el mundo, es por eso que analizar las oportunidades y retos en el ámbito de los negocios que tiene el Ecuador en el marco de sus acuerdos comerciales, es muy importante.  La presente investigación aborda la temática de la integración comercial con el vecino país de Colombia y  tiene como propósito dar una amplia mirada a un proceso de integración y de  relación comercial desde el contexto latinoamericano, en donde se ha evidenciado un  auge por los acuerdos comerciales regionales, recalcando lo positivo y negativo de este tipo de negociaciones. El estudio es descriptivo, utilizando una modalidad de investigación documental, donde se ha llegado a la conclusión que las dos economías a pesar de la diferencia en su tamaño han logrado trabajar en conjunto en materia de comercio exterior pero con una balanza comercial a favor de Colombia, la similitud de los productos que ofertan estos dos países a otros mercados, constituye también una importante variable de competencia y finalmente las oportunidades de negocios en los dos países no solo se limitan a inversión privada sino a una interesante oportunidad de inversión pública.

With the performance issue the 56% of Ecuadorian workers belong to the food and beverage place do their activities optimally, with all this, it was necessary evaluating chores and functions of the workers with job performance related factors, this motivated to do a previous diagnosis for the four dimensions assessment: attitude, personality, perception and learning of the foo company worker. Thus a quantitative non experimental, cross character and relational reach study was done that enhanced the job performance and the four dimensions association, all of this these were evaluated by a self-administered test to 53 employees, with 12 Likert scale adapted questions adapted to Dacum Method, to realize the related factors with the job performance. Finally, the result indicates that the variables with the most significance is the way the bosses treat their workers (rho = 0.464) and the process work (rho = 0.400) that are in the learning and perception dimensions, these two generate a stable organizational climate and let the developing skills, innovate and adapt the change.

Some archaeological studies on the processes of social change of the societies that existed during the early and middle Holocene in Colombia have taken place in the Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia). The research carried out by G. Correal and T. van der Hammen in the archaeological sites of Tequendama and Aguazuque are relevant examples. These authors collected important information on lithic artifacts, plant remains, pottery and human and animal skeletons that provide information on the lifestyles of the humans who inhabited these sites. In 2014, a new study focused on the re-excavation of the Tequendama and Aguazuque sites through nine 50x50 cm columns. This document will present the results obtained from the analysis of stable isotopes obtained from human and wildlife bone remains to approximate the diet of some of the inhabitants who occupied the archaeological sites of Tequendama and Aguazuque, which present an occupation between the Early and middle Holocene and the transition from hunting and gathering to the first processes of horticulture and agriculture in these sites.

Documented osteological collections contribute to solving bioanthropological problems that can only be clarified using a combination of skeletal features and documental information. The characteristics of these kind of samples allows the development of standardized methods for the biological characterization of individuals and at the same time allow the analysis of anatomical, histological and pathological features from a population osteological perspective, considering the sociohistorical context of the analyzed sample. In 2005, in response to the necessity of having a local documented collection, the constitution of the “Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre” Osteological Collection began at the Faculty of Medical Sciences (National University of La Plata), from skeletal remains donated by the Local Cemetery of La Plata (CMLP). These remains come from unclaimed bodies, destined to ossuaries or cremation and exhumed by cemetery staff. Currently, the collection is composed by 435 individuals with documented information, being 58.16% males and 41.84 % females, from fetal to 101 years, with the dates of death ranging from 1900 to 2003. The present work aims to describe in a summarized way the different research lines developed in the “Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre” (FCM-UNLP) collection since its conformation and the main results. For this, the tasks performed in relation to the biological characterization of subadult individuals from their skeleton are detailed, the histological analyzes in bone and tooth, mainly focused on the methods for the estimation of death age are detailed also; the studies conducted in dental anthropology are commented, and finally, osteopathological analyses are described. Three specific contributions from the study of the Lambre collection towards bioanthropology stand out. First, the academic contribution in the generation of knowledge about the histomorphological variation of the skeleton during ontogeny. Second, the training of human resources; working in the collection allowed the consolidation of an interdisciplinary team that was trained as educator of trainers in scientific research, teaching and extension. Finally, and mainly during the last years, the notorious increase in the transfer of results to governmental and non-governmental organizations that require forensic osteology

En este número damos continuidad al dossier “contribuciones actuales a la bioantropología latinoamericana y del caribe” liderado por el bioantropólogo Miguel Eduardo Delgado (ver editoriales del volumen 18, número 3) (Delgado, 2019; Martínez-Dueñas, 2019). Presentamos cinco contribuciones más, provenientes de equipos de investigación de Argentina, Colombia y México que nos hablan de paleodieta en cazadores recolectores en Colombia, así mismo se aborda de manera general el desarrollo de la bioantropología en este país y sus retos actuales. Se reporta la organización y utilización en formación e investigación, de colecciones osteológicas en Argentina y Colombia. También se presenta un estudio histórico y paleopatológico de momias del siglo XVI en México, ofreciéndonos una aproximación a las dinámicas bioculturales de la época.