Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

O sistema de cobertura de um dos prédios da Universidade de Brasília - DF é caracterizado e avaliado. As principais anomalias existentes nos sistemas de telhado são analisadas e a prioridade de intervenção é sistematizada, a fim de correlacioná-las com as medidas corretivas. Os fatores limitantes para a inspeção das estruturas foram a acessibilidade, bem como a falta de projetos de intervenção. Os resultados obtidos relataram que as principais anomalias encontradas nos sistemas estão relacionadas à falta de manutenção. O estudo traz também, como contribuição, indicações e recomendações técnicas para a resolução de situações.

The objective of this work was to make a diagnosis that explains the mechanism of collapse, in just 80 minutes, of the Wilton Paes de Almeida building, which was surprising for the engineering of structural concrete. Previous fires, such as that of the Andraus Building, the Joelma and the Great Avenue, withstood more than 4 hours of fire without collapsing and are currently in use. To understand this unusual collapse, an experimental investigation of the characteristics and properties of the concrete and the reinforcement used in that structure was carried out, based on a "hypothetical structural project" that considered the actual characteristics of the materials used. Based on the diagnosis, recommendations were established so that cases like this do not recur.

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the addition of polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, aramid and aramid pulp fibers on the behavior of concretes subjected to high temperatures. For that, test specimens with fiber additions were made at a rate of 2 kg/m3 and submitted to temperatures in furnace, as well as to high temperatures through direct fire test. Columns were also built and subjected to a live fire simulator belonging to the Espírito Santo Fire Department - Brazil. Microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed. It has been observed that the fibers may influence the properties of the concrete and that fire tests with standard fire load may be an alternative or complementary analysis of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures.

This paper aims to present briefly discuss some essential topics about the impact of fire on concrete structures and the possible deleterious effects of high temperatures on the concrete material itself. A literature review was conducted, addressing the behavior of concrete (seen as a material and as a structural element) when exposed to exceptional and severe actions from a fire scenario, contributing to demystify some beliefs and doubts about the spalling phenomenon and the behavior of reinforced concrete under fire situations.

Journal of the Latin-American association of quality control, pathology and recovery of construction   http://www.revistaalconpat.org We present the third issue of the ninth year of the ALCONPAT journal with great satisfaction. The aim of the journal is to publish case studies within the scope of the Association, namely quality control, pathology and recovery of constructions, including basic and applied research, reviews and documentary research. This V9N3 issue begins with a work from Mexico, where Jorge Uruchurtu Chavarín et. al. evaluated the effect of the Nopal mucilage on the electrochemical properties of concrete. Three concentrations of this additive were designed with a Nopal-water ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3. Compression tests were performed after 28 days of curing. The samples were evaluated for 270 days through various electrochemical techniques such as: open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical noise (EN) and linear polarization resistance (LPR). Their results indicated a decrease in compressive strength with an increase in mucilage concentration. The onset of steel corrosion was delayed, and the corrosion rate was lower for samples with Nopal mucilage. The preservation of this additive can be a challenge to analyze, but its use has a great impact on concrete and the environment. In the second work, from Brasil, Mateus Henrique de Souza and Rafael Alves de Souza developed and analyzed polymeric repair mortars composed of vinyl copolymer, PVA (polyvinyl acetate) and SBR (styrene-butadiene). They performed tests for the determination of compression and tensile strengths by diametral compression. In addition, they determined the adherent strength between the repair and the concrete by means of a tensile test by diametral compression. Among the materials tested, it was noted that the material modified by SBR had the best performance, especially in relation to adhesion to concrete. In general, the results showed that the studied mortars modified by the polymers can meet the function of repair material. The third work of this issue is from México, where R. Visairo-Méndez et. al. determined whether the durability index is affected by three sizes of specimens evaluated for repair mortar. They made 5 x 5 cm cubes, 5 x 10 cm and 10 x 20 cm cylinders for each type of mortar. They found that certain indices (WER, TVC and CS) do not depend on the geometry of the specimen. However, the UPV results showed a difference between cubes and cylinders of 10 x 20 cm greater than 17.5%. The results of εeff presented a very interesting difference between the cubes and the 5 x 10 cm cylinders. The authors recommended restricting the height of specimens to a standard value. In the fourth article, from Brasil, Fernando Júnior Resende Mascarenhas and Roberto Chust Carvalho analyzed the fatigue service life of the longitudinal reinforcement in reinforced concrete bridge beams considering the real number of heavy vehicles with 2 to 6 axles on a road section in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. They used theoretical models in a structural system of bridges with two beams doubly supported in sections of 10, 15 and 20 meters. For the determination of the efforts they used the Ftool software and in the estimation of the service life to fatigue the accumulated damage. At the end, it was verified that the lifetime to fatigue of the longitudinal reinforcement varies according to the size of the section, being that in the three analyzed bridges the service life to fatigue is less than 30 years. The fifth work, by Francisco Roger Carneiro Ribeiro et. al, from Brazil present an application of the methodology of the GUT Matrix (Gravity, Urgency, Tendency) in the analysis of the pathological manifestations in buildings, having as examples three historical constructions of the historical center of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. The investigation was conducted with on-site inspections, photographic registration, mapping of damages and application of the method. The results generated the priority graphs that represent the order for the treatment of each damage in each building. It was possible to conclude that the applied method can be used as an important building maintenance management tool through the prioritization of resolution of the most serious problems, and directly contributes to the preservation and security of historical heritage. The sixth work in this issue is written by Alberto Hernández Oroza and Rafael González Hernández from Cuba, who make a diagnosis of the deterioration of a reinforced concrete building located in Old Havana, Cuba, built in 1906. Due to the years of exploitation and lack of maintenance, the property presents concrete detachments and cracks in almost all structural elements. To evaluate the service life, they carried out studies of apparent resistivity of concrete, chemical tests to quantify the levels of free chloride and sulfate, potential tests, sectional losses of the bars, extractions of concrete specimens and visual analysis of the present lesions. The obtained results showed that although the property shows an advanced deterioration, it can be rehabilitated being possible to extend its service life. The article that closes this edition is from Brazil, where Lara Monalisa Alves dos Santos et. al., present the characteristics and evaluation of a roof system of one of the buildings of the University of Brasília - DF. They analyzed the main anomalies in the roof systems and systematized the intervention priority, with the purpose of correlating it with the corrective measures. The limiting factors for the inspection of the structures were accessibility, as well as the lack of intervention projects. The results obtained indicated that the main anomalies found in the systems are related to the lack of maintenance. The study also brings, as a contribution, indications and technical recommendations for the resolution of situations. We are confident that the articles in this issue will constitute an important reference for those readers involved with questions of evaluations and characterizations of materials, elements and structures. We thank the authors participating in this issue for their willingness and effort to present quality articles and meet the established times. On behalf of the Editorial Board         Pedro Castro Borges           Editor in Chief

Este artigo visa comparar diferentes sistemas de revestimento contrafogo aderidos a elementos de concreto armado, com um ano de idade e cobrimento de 1,5 cm, e avaliar o desempenho desses sistemas por inspeção visual e verificação da evolução das temperaturas internas após simulações de incêndio padrão sob a curva ISO 834, com uso de termopares, por um tempo de 120 minutos. Os resultados demonstraram correlações bem próximas às da literatura consagrada para revestimentos em argamassa base cimento, bem como outras particularidades sobre revestimentos em gesso e ainda a possibilidade do uso de tintas intumescentes como proteção passiva em elementos de concreto armado.

Neste artigo serão abordados os aspectos normativos com relação a segurança contra incêndio e apresentados estudos de casos de edifícios em São Paulo que sofreram a ação do incêndio e suas consequências. A segurança contra incêndio deve ser considerada desde a concepção e o desenvolvimento do anteprojeto do edifício, passando pelo projeto e construção e adentrando a fase de operação e manutenção. Na fase de projeto, a questão deve ser especialmente considerada, pois aí se estabelece a estrutura básica da segurança contra incêndio do edifício; ele deve ser elaborado a partir de um conhecimento aprofundado das relações que mantem com as disposições que conferem ao edifício, níveis adequados de segurança contra incêndio.

Los últimos quince años han significado para el sistema universitario venezolano una etapa de importantes cambios y retos, entre los cuales se destacan las transformaciones de los Institutos Tecnológicos Universitarios a Universidades Politécnicas Territoriales. Se trata de un proyecto de investigación macro que tiene como objetivo configurar una aproximación teórica etnográfica del comportamiento organizacional en la Universidad Politécnica Territorial “José Antonio Anzoátegui” (UPTJAA). El método utilizado fue el etnográfico hermenéutico, siendo empleadas las técnicas para la recolección de información, la observación participante (diario de campo), el grupo focal y entrevistas en profundidad realizada a ocho (8) “versionantes”. El diseño de investigación se orientó en la perspectiva metodológica cualitativa por lo que la información recolectada se sistematizó mediante el proceso de codificación y categorización de los relatos proporcionados en las entrevistas. Se realizó una “descripción densa” o interpretativa a tres categorías principales como son: (a) Espacios introspectivos del comportamiento, (b) Actuaciones comunes y el sentido de las interrelaciones, y (c) Matices sistémicas en la dinámica comportamental, en donde la configuración teórica apuntó hacia el develamiento del accionar comportamental del docente de la UPTJAA. Como resultado se tiene que el comportamiento de los docentes resalta el predominio excesivo de la politización y burocracia partidista, lo cual genera rechazo, aislamiento y separación entre grupos, conformado un ambiente de conformismo, de disociación institucional y de deriva gerencial e institucional hacia lo que se esperaba que este tipo de universidades impactase en el bienestar social, científico y tecnológico del territorio regional y local.

Se ha propuesto una metodología para la formación de la competencia comunicativa profesional en los estudiantes de Ingeniería Mecánica en el contexto laboral, la cual expresa como novedad científica reconocer las relaciones entre el carácter integrador del desempeño profesional y la apropiación del contenido de la profesión mediante la integración del componente académico, laboral, investigativo y extensionista. Constituyó el resultado científico de un proyecto de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis, síntesis, enfoque de sistema, observación, el estadígrafo Chi-cuadrado y el pre-experimento pedagógico que permitieron constatar la existencia de impactos favorables en lo económico, ambiental, tecnológico y educativo como resultado de su aplicación en una muestra de 30 estudiantes de cinco años de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad de Moa. El resultado puede generalizarse a nivel nacional e internacional acorde a las características del proceso de formación profesional concebido en la carrera con las adecuaciones pertinentes.

Las políticas con respecto a la atención primaria de salud, y específicamente a la promoción de la salud, si bien parten de un marco general aprobado en reuniones internacionales y regionales, tienen en cuenta las peculiaridades de los diferentes países y territorios en los cuales se implementan. En tal sentido, y debido al carácter plurinacional, multiétnico y multicultural de muchos países, entre los que se encuentra Ecuador, constituye una exigencia a los gobiernos e instituciones nacionales de los diferentes organismos internacionales y regionales, considerar en el desarrollo de sus políticas de salud, así como el contexto multicultural en las que estas deben insertarse y desarrollarse. Los autores toman como referente la formación académica de profesionales de la salud, y elaboran una estrategia pedagógica de formación para la promoción de la salud del Técnico Superior en Enfermería. La misma es resultado de estudios investigativos de formación doctoral, donde los autores muestran la estrategia pedagógica propuesta y su valoración por especialistas en la materia. Sustentan sus criterios en el uso de métodos de nivel teórico como análisis-síntesis y la inducción-deducción, así como hermenéutico en la interpretación y comprensión de la información obtenidos de la revisión bibliográfica, y la valoración por especialistas del resultado durante todo el estudio investigativo y la elaboración de la estrategia.