ISSN: 2310-2799
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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Pérez-Ardá Carbonell, José Enrique
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Nota crítica
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Conesa Lareo, Carlos; Barragán Urbiola, Andrés
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Presentación
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Gómez Díez, Francisco Javier
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
This article aims to analyze the political instruments that the Hispanic Monarchy established to guarantee the development and security of an interoceanic system: the concentration of trade in a single peninsular port, Seville; the creation of a system of commercial fleets; the infrastructure of roads, routes and ports; military defense; legislative regulation and sufficiently flexible government institutions; information, research and technological innovation channels; the management of expenses and the imposition of taxes… in summary, everything that makes the success of the Monarchy possible, which is not reduced to conquering land and extracting resources, but to guaranteeing coexistence. As a result, the process that we now call globalization has apparently accelerated irreversibly.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Rodríguez-Ponga, Rafael
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
This article studies the role of the languages used in the First Circumnavigation of the World, an international expedition that had crew members from twenty countries, who spoke different languages. Communication required vehicular languages on board: Spanish and, in some cases, Latin and Sabir. During the tour, Portuguese —with its pidgins— and Malay contributed to trade and relations with the countries visited. The knowledge of languages was a key of great importance for the success of the trip.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Esteban, César
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
Trade has been the main engine of the great geographical explorations. Between the 15th and 16th centuries, the Portuguese and Spanish inaugurated the routes of a truly global maritime trade, connecting the main inhabited geographic areas of the planet, with astronomy being an essential and strategic instrument of that expansion. The use of the stars for navigation was also developed by other cultures. A fascinating example is that of traditional navigation in the Pacific Islands, a vast geographical environment that the Magellan-Elcano expedition discovered for the Western world.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Díaz Blanco, José Manuel
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
This article summarizes some of the financial mechanisms of the voyages of Discovery and transoceanic trade sustained by the Hispanic Monarchy from the fifteenth century. Section 1 evokes the most famous expeditions (Columbus and Magellan-Elcano), fundamental but episodic. Section 2 explains how the companies that participated in the Carrera de Indias found their main source of financing in the figure of the loan with risk of sea. And section 3 concludes by reviewing how these companies, in turn, had to co-finance the public structures of commerce.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Redondo Rodelas, Javier
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
With the crisis of the post-war order, the attributes of the hegemonic powers have changed. We usually associate hegemony and military power. The relationship is not spurious but the correlation does not reach the maximum value, it is not perfect. There are no hegemonic powers without a strong Army, but equally, there are no hegemonic powers without exclusive resources or their own firm values and beliefs. The text analyzes, in historical perspective, the relationship between democracy, legitimacy, unity and hegemony.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Borao Mateo, José Eugenio
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
The Magellan-Elcano voyage has gone down in history for being the first to go around the world, but that was not its objective, it was not even planned for it to take place. In fact, the trip was organized as a formal trade mission to the Moluccas, in search of spices through a more advantageous route than the traditional ones. The Crown largely financed the expedition, for which it gave very specific Instructions for the success of the trip. This article presents how the expedition adjusted to them at times, and improvised at others.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Martínez Ruiz, Enrique
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
The consequences of the first circumnavigation opened wide horizons for science and trade, while rivalry for possession of the spice islands would trigger the first colonial war and the peace treaties that would affect those areas of the Pacific Ocean, which became the "Spanish lake", where Spain maintained a hegemonic position until practically the end of the 18th century.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2340-8790, 0019-977X
Serra Guevara, Javier
Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. Secretaría de Estado de Comercio
Resumen
China's economic rise in recent decades, to the previously unthinkable point of bringing its contribution to global GDP close to that of the United States, raises the question of whether, and how, it will seek global supremacy. This article attempts to address this issue by reviewing China's history, both distant and recent, its relations with the rest of the world, and the strategic priorities that this highlights.
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