Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Cobos-Marín L, Rodríguez-Monterde A, Valdés-Vásquez LM. Encefalitis equina del oeste. VetMéxOA. 2019;6(3). doi: 10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.3.785.La encefalitis equina del oeste (EEO) --al igual que las encefalomielitis del este (EEE) y venezolana (EEV)-- es una infección viral zoonótica que se transmite por mosquitos vectores. Su notificación debe ser inmediata y obligatoria. A pesar del nombre que se le ha dado, el caballo es sólo un huésped incidental. La manifestación clínica de las tres encefalitis es muy similar, por lo que se requiere de una correcta toma y envío de muestras al laboratorio para lograr un diagnóstico diferencial. Los ciclos de infección se presentan de dos formas: enzoótica, en la que el virus permanece por largos períodos circulando entre los huéspedes reservorios y el vector transmisor; y epizoótica, que involucra a los huéspedes incidentales y a los vectores transmisores. Los principales signos en caballos son alteración del comportamiento, dificultad visual, deambulación, caminata en círculos, dificultad en la deglución, ataxia, paresia, parálisis y convulsiones. No existe tratamiento, por lo que su manejo se enfoca a la terapia de soporte, con un pronóstico desfavorable, ya que la tasa de mortalidad (dependiendo de la encefalitis de la que se trate) puede llegar al 90%. La EEV es endémica en México y es la que presenta más riesgo, ya que, a diferencia de las otras dos, los caballos afectados suelen desarrollar viremia, por lo que pueden transmitir la enfermedad a través del piquete de mosco a otros huéspedes animales o al ser humano. En cuanto a las EEE y EEO aún no se han reconocido oficialmente en el territorio mexicano. Sin embargo, en marzo del presente año, se detectaron 44 casos de EEO en equinos en Nayarit. Dado que la única vacuna disponible y autorizada en México es la utilizada para prevenir la EEV, las medidas para disminuir el riesgo de infección por la EEE y la EEO se centran en alojar a los caballos en caballerizas controladas, especialmente durante los horarios de elevada actividad de los mosquitos.

The effect of resveratrol on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of ovine (Ovis aries) oocytes and the development of handmade cloned embryos was evaluated. The nuclear maturation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the oocytes, as well as the early development and morphological cloned embryo quality, were evaluated under different resveratrol concentrations (0, 0.5, 2 and 5 μM). After IVM, no significant difference was observed in the maturation rate of oocytes treated with 0.5 μM (81.3 %) and 2 μM (72 %) resveratrol compared to that of the control group (0 μM) (74.2 %), but the rate significantly decreased at 5 μM (56 %) (p < 0.05). When the oocyte ROS levels were determined, no significant differences among the groups were observed (p > 0.05). For cloned embryo development, the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed higher (p < 0.05) compacted morula rates (10.7 %) compared to the embryos obtained from the oocytes treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (6.2, 0 and 0 %, respectively). Regarding embryo morphological quality, the embryos from the oocytes treated with 0.5 μM resveratrol showed a lower rate of poor quality morulae (4.7 %) in comparison to those treated with 0, 2 and 5 μM (23.8, 23.3 and 33.3 %, respectively) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol showed no significant improvement on the IVM or ROS levels in domestic ovine oocytes. However, treatment with 0.5 μM resveratrol during IVM improved embryo quality and promoted morulae compaction of Ovis aries handmade cloned embryos.  

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are common canine cancers with variable demographic and clinical presentations. Their pathological characterization and treatment lag far behind those of humans. We describe consecutive lymphoma patients detected over a one-year period at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Of 4,512 dogs: 220 (4.9%) had a cancer diagnosis, of which 27 (0.6%) had lymphoma (12% of cancer patients). We found an association with Miniature Schnauzers, which represented 18.5% (5/27) of lymphoma patients, but it was only 6.4% (288/4,512) of the dogs studied in this time period (p < 0.011). Miniature Schnauzers and mongrels together constituted nearly half of lymphoma cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years (3-14), with a female to male ratio of 1.7:1. We found no correlation between lymphoma and castration status. Most patients presented nodal involvement (80%), were in advanced stages III/IV (90%) and had B-cell versus T-cell tumors (64%/36%). Only two histopathological patterns were seen, both with diffuse nodal-replacement by large immunoblast and/or centroblast-like cells; one having numerous tingible-body macrophages which are suggestive of a high proliferative rate. Chemotherapy was given to 15 patients (65%) with an overall response of 73% (3 complete responses/8 partial responses) and a mean overall survival of 219 days (4-586; SD±185). One cutaneous lymphoma-patient achieved partial response (PR) with lomustine/prednisone, and treatment was still ongoing at 548 days. Earlier diagnosis, better lymphoma subtype distinction, and specific curative treatments are needed.  

Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Martinez-Aispuro JA, Sánchez-Torres MT, Mendoza-Martinez GD, Cordero-Mora JL, Figueroa-Velasco JL, Ayala-Monter MA, Crosby-Galván MM. Addition of calcium propionate to finishing lamb diets. Veterinaria México OA. 2018;5(4). doi:10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2018.4.470Calcium (Ca) propionate can be added to ruminant diets as a glucogenic substrate. However, due to its hypophagic effect, it is necessary to establish the optimal dose that can be used to replace grains in finishing diets for lambs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of four concentrations of Ca propionate in lamb diets on productive performance and rumen fermentation. Thirty two Hampshire x Suffolk lambs (23.82 ± 0.40 kg initial body weight), distributed in a completely randomized design, were given a diet with four concentrations of Ca propionate (g kg−1): 0, 10, 20 or 30 g, for 42 days. The results were tested for linear or quadratic responses. The final weight, average daily gain and feed: gain ratio showed quadratic responses (P ≤ 0.01). The optimal dose was established at 13.77 g kg−1 DM. Addition of Ca propionate did not affect variables related to rumen fermentation (pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate or rumen ammonia-N; P ≥ 0.05) . Nonetheless, glucose and propionate concentrations showed a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of propionate in rumen were observed with 15.14 g kg−1 DM. Results indicate that Ca propionate can be included in a dose of up to 13.77 g kg−1 DM in feedlot rations, to attain best lamb performance.

This study describes the advantages and disadvantages of using the rabbit as an animal model for surgical training in the Nissen laparoscopic fundoplication technique. Six New Zealand rabbits weighing between 2.5 and 3.5 kg were used. Nissen fundoplication was performed successfully in five out of six animals. Average procedure time was 47 minutes, with a maximum of 80 minutes for the first surgery and a minimum of 30 minutes for the last. Main advantages of the rabbit model are ease of animal restrain and low cost. The rabbit allows for the recreation of the human surgical environment, albeit showing a lower degree of difficulty. We thus consider this surgical model to be valuable only for skill development on basic stages of the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication technique.  For advanced stages of this surgical procedure, use of other animal models with further anatomical similarities to humans, such as the swine model, are recommended.

Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación científica realizada a las Empresas Exportadoras del Sector Agrícola en el estado de Michoacán. Su objetivo general es determinar las interrelaciones entre las variables críticas que definen la Competitividad Internacional de las empresas que exportan productos agrícolas al mercado de los Estados Unidos de América, ubicadas en el estado de Michoacán. Se realizó una revisión teórica, donde se identificaron las variables calidad, precio y capacitación, tecnología y canales de distribución, que se integraron a un cuestionario compuesto por 38 items, el cual se aplicó a las empresas exportadoras del sector. Con los resultados obtenidos se identificó un Modelo Estructural que describe cómo esas variables están interrelacionadas, basándose en la Técnica Estadística de Modelación de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (Partial Least Square, PLS) y el modelo Bootstrapping. Después de aplicar el cuestionario a las empresas exportadoras agrícolas, se prosiguió a realizar el procesamiento de los datos de cada una de ellas , mediante la estadística paramétrica y la aplicación de la correlación de las varianzas.

En la actualidad, es necesario para las organizaciones desarrollar un estilo de liderazgo transformacional, contar con una misión, sentido de pertenencia, objetivos a largo plazo, intereses compartidos y, sobre todo, un gran sentido de interdependencia. En esta investigación se identificaron las prácticas de liderazgo existentes en el personal de enfermería perteneciente a distintos hospitales públicos de México, a partir del modelo MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) expuesto por Bass y Avolio, evaluando cada una de sus dimensiones y relacionándolas con ciertas variables laborales. La muestra la conformaron 1,500 enfermeras. Los hallazgos más importantes muestran una inclinación hacia prácticas de gestión de carácter transaccional, mismos que tiene mayor correlación con las variables «antigüedad» y «turno del personal».

The field of youth development sits at the frontier of new opportunities for research and practice. Likewise, sustainability of development has remained an area of interest and attracted debates among academia. In advanced economies, development has been successfully sustained over a long period of time but has proofed difficult in developing economies. Though different strategies to empower youths have been put in place in Nigeria, the resulting effects are not sustainable with the rate of poverty and unemployment still on the high side. Thus, there is the need to review the application of sustainable development concepts and its practicability in Nigeria. This paper is an attempt in this direction. To this end, this study reviews youth empowerment programme in Nigeria with the view to identifying the challenges militating against its success and proffer solutions. Primary data was collected through personal telephone interview with the commissioners of industries, commerce and trade in twenty-two states (out of 36 states) in Nigeria and secondary information was extensively gathered through research reports and academic publications. Analysis of data collected was done in frequencies and percentages. The paper found that youth empowerment is hinged on the fact that more than half of the Nigerian population is youth, about 70% of the population are poor with more than 29.5 per cent unemployed. Youth empowerment programmes were coordinated through Federal Ministry of Youth Development in Nigeria. Such programmes include Youth Empowerment Educational and Vocational Training, Youth Empowerment Agriculture (YEAP) and Job creation programmes such as SURE – P; CSWYE; YOUWIN; NAPEC; NAPEP together with Youth Empowerment Financial Intervention which were done through Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Government, Philanthropists and Financial Institutions. All these programmes were found not to be successful because of some identified challenges: poor implementation of policies, misappropriation of funds, youths not being adequately involved in decision making process, and corruption among others. The paper affirmed the benefits embedded in the adoption of youth empowerment programme as a strategy for sustainable development and thus advised government to focus attention more on the youth empowerment by involving them more in the decision-making process.

El presente modelo tiene como objetivo generar una propuesta posible de replicar para la estructuración de variables de la brecha de aprendizaje entre los alumnos de dos organismos públicos que imparten educación primaria básica en México: el CONAFE y la SEP regular general. El análisis está centrado en la construcción de 3 variables explicativas: La política pública educativa, el perfil socioeconómico y el potencial escolar. El resultado establece los cambios cuantitativos de los indicadores más relevantes en base a una encuesta estructurada aplicada en 2017, que de manera ponderada genera los componentes geométricos de la propuesta.

Los estudios sobre migración de retorno muestran con frecuencia los éxitos o desventuras de los migrantes, pero no los conjuntan con las fricciones y contradicciones que implican los logros materiales e inmateriales que ellos obtienen. Sin embargo, durante la migración se afrontan diversos reveses, que si bien los migrantes pueden superar y hasta sacar beneficios de esos episodios, es evidente que al retorno traen consigo diversas secuelas (enfermedades, fracturas, religiosidad, separación marital, vivencias de muerte). Estos eventos que no suelen ser visibles, forman el trasfondo del éxito (poseer una casa, hablar otro idioma, tener negocio, traer conocimiento laboral), es lo que se explora en este trabajo. Con este fin, se toma como referencia una muestra no aleatoria de migrantes en el Estado de México y el análisis se sustenta en sus propios testimonios.