Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En los estudios del discurso profesional, se han abordado diferentes géneros de registro, pero existe escasa evidencia empírica al respecto (Foscarini, 2013). Este artículo presenta un acercamiento al género leccionario desde una perspectiva de análisis retórico-discursivo funda-mentada en estudios del género que permiten realizar una descripción de corte textográfico (Swales y McCarty, 2017). El objetivo fue describir las características discursivas y la estructura retórica del leccionario en el contexto chileno y situarlo en relación con otros géneros y prácticas del ámbito educativo. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas, un análisis de documentación reglamentaria y una muestra de cien lecciones de diez leccionarios diferentes. A través del análisis de contenido y del análisis lingüístico-discursivo, se da cuenta de dos movidas obligatorias y recursivas (contextualizar una lección en la planificación docente y describir la lección) que permiten realizar el propósito del leccionario como género de registro alineado con otros géneros, como la planificación docente.

En este artículo analizamos los poemarios Historia natural, de José Watanabe, y Un reloj derramado en el desierto, de Alejandro Susti, a partir del concepto de écfrasis, que supone un diálogo intertextual entre la pintura y la poesía. Planteamos como hipótesis central que Watanabe y Susti realizan, sobre la base de la écfrasis, la desmitificación de un repertorio de ideas y tradiciones institucionalizadas por las clases domi­nantes. Ambos autores desarrollan esta desmitificación en función de ciertos campos figurativos, como la metáfora, la metonimia y la antíte­sis. Para el estudio, empleamos el concepto de desmitificación de Umberto Eco (1985) y la categoría de campos figurativos de Stefano Arduini (2000).  

This article presents a systematic literature review on the impact of urban music lyrics, aiming to analyze how these musical expressions influence gender perceptions, the construction of youth identities, and the normalization of violence in educational contexts. A total of 675 studies were reviewed, selected for their relevance and methodological rigor, including analyses conducted in various regions such as the Americas, Asia, and Europe, of which 120 were analyzed in depth. The results indicate that while urban music plays a key role in shaping identities and socializing values among young people, it also perpetuates gender stereotypes and reinforces unequal power dynamics that affect interpersonal relationships in school environments. Furthermore, critical approaches were identified that highlight the potential to recontextualize this music in educational spaces, promoting greater awareness and reflection on gender equality and violence. This review suggests the need for more local research to explore these dynamics in depth and for educational strategies that use urban music as a pedagogical tool to foster critical thinking among students.

This essay, of a bibliographical nature and inductive procedure, argues that in the Dominican Republic, the population experiences an Antillean version of the “clash of civilizations”, given the socio-cultural and institutional impact of irregular immigration, mostly from Haiti. It is no longer a question of the generic Western idea, as Samuel P. Huntington put it, but of the presumption of ‘Hispanicness’ and Western modernity that the Dominican people voluntarily adopt, challenged by the supposed barbarism present around them behind their image of the Haitian. Just as the distinguished professor argued that nationalism inevitably leads us to barbarism, this barbarism is resented, every day, on the Antillean island, due to the presence of immigration in irregular conditions coming from a Haiti, immersed in its own agony. The process studied includes the main cultural and historical milestones that configure, at an anthropological level, the conscience and understanding of the Dominican regarding his other, the Haitian. Once the evaluation is complete, what remains to be answered, given the uncertain future of both ethnic groups, is what is here called the Cartesian question underlying the capacity for civilizing response of the Dominican people.

This study assesses the tax compliance costs for small and medium-sized establishments (SMEs) in the Dominican Republic. Based on a survey of 255 companies conducted between December 9 and 20, 2018, it reveals a regressive cost structure that disproportionately impacts smaller entities. Compliance costs vary significantly based on the size and sales of the firm, amounting to DOP 12,229 (approximately USD 247) per month for firms with 1 to 5 employees, DOP 29,783 (USD 602) for firms with 6 to 20 employees, and DOP 29,820 (USD 804) for firms with 20 to 50 employees. Specifically, for companies with monthly sales below DOP 500,000 (USD 10,107), compliance costs exceed 2.5% of total sales, affecting their competitiveness and sustainability.

The aim of this research was to understand the social representations, prejudices, and attitudes of adolescent students toward HIV in a public school in Medellín. Methodologically, the study was guided by a hermeneutic paradigm and a qualitative approach, employing a case study design within an educational institution. Data were collected through interactive techniques. The main findings reveal the persistence of erroneous social representations about HIV, largely supported by myths and unfounded beliefs—mainly associated with sexual practices, physical contact, and irrational ideas about the virus's origin and modes of transmission. Although some participants demonstrated basic knowledge about HIV transmission, this understanding was often intertwined with negative stereotypes, emotions such as fear, and discriminatory attitudes. The study also revealed a low perception of risk and limited awareness regarding self-care practices and condom use, which increases the vulnerability of this population. It is concluded that lack of knowledge and stigmatized information about the diagnosis are key factors contributing to the reproduction of discriminatory social attitudes toward people living with HIV. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen prevention and education programs that go beyond promoting condom use, aiming instead to provide adolescents with accurate and comprehensive knowledge about HIV.

From a theoretical framework based in political ecology, this study analyzes the limitations of socio-environmental sustainability and ecological-distributive conflicts in the Galápagos Island with an emphasis on Santa Cruz Island and its transition zone of the Biosphere Reserve. The specific objetives were to explore how various local actors value the natural resources, and how they perceive the causes of environmental degradation and their perspective of sustainability. From the alternatives to development and degrowth, some practices of the agroforestry producers in the rural area and their contribution to sustainability were analyzed. A qualitative methodology was implemented, incorporating ethnography, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with agroforestry producers, as well as semi-structured interviews with institutional actors. The results indicate seriuos limitations in the access to basic sanitation and high negative environmental burdens of waste derived from intensive tourism. In the rural areas, the dominant perception and values points to the invasive species as the main cause of degradation, the same ones for institutions lacking any value whatsoever which has normalized the use of pesticides and agrochemicals and generates ecological distribution conflicts. Despite the dominant scenario, there are local practices among agroforestry producers based on community and self-management principles, proposing alternative ways of inhabiting and relating to nature, as ecological and well-being-centered alternatives. These practices should be strengthen sustainability and socio-environmental justice if they are integrated into environmental management and policy frameworks.

Shortly after Christopher Columbus discovered the Caribbean islands, he faced a completely unfamiliar reality. According to the logbook entries, everything was different from what had been previously known: contrasting climates, unexplored flora, and species alien to European everyday life. In connection with the colonization of Jamaica, the animals transported beginning in 1493 contributed to the development of a food system initially marked by the need for survival and, later, by everyday life, a situation that would be replicated throughout the Caribbean. Under these circumstances, the founding of villages was crucial, from which the process of adaptation, reproduction, and later exploitation of the fauna on the island of Jamaica began. In some cases, these villages served as points for establishing livestock farms, with the aim of consolidating the foundations for occupation and a self-sufficient economy. Specifically, the objective of this document is to highlight the usefulness and contributions that emerged from the Iberian Peninsula, La Gomera, and Gran Canaria, beginning in October 1493, regarding the animals included in the voyage, which constituted the genesis of the colonization of the Greater Antilles. This research presents an approach that combines the analysis of historical sources with archaeological references, with the aim of identifying live animals and their derivatives that were part of the colonization process on the island of Jamaica. This approach also seeks to locate potential livestock farms that were established, with the goal of identifying the production centers that supported these expansion processes. To this end, understanding the role of fauna and its products in the dynamics of colonization, with an emphasis on their influence on nutrition, ecological adaptation, and the colonial economy, is crucial.

The processes of production, marketing, acquisition and consumption of food are correlated with beneficial or harmful socio-environmental impacts. The agri-food industry, from the knowledge of the socio-environmental damage that its productivism and consumerist practices generate, permanently seeks to expand its scope; in response to this, the social movement for food sovereignty opposes it through concrete actions based on socio-environmental reciprocity. Objective: to argue the contributions of degrowth in agrifood chains as a contribution to food sovereignty, through the integration of contributions from suppliers of a local, agroecological and fair-trade alternative market. Methodology: it is qualitative research, implemented in two phases: 1) application of a semi-structured interview to eight suppliers of the Ahimsa Agroecological Fair Trade Market (AAFTM); in Toluca, Mexico; from November 2021 to March 2022; 2) development of a reciprocal training cycle between the university and suppliers of AAFTM, with a monthly session in October and November 2022, and January and February 2023. Results: the projects are implementing practices in their agrifood chains that are in line with degrowth. Conclusions: the degrowth represents an affordable way to rethink, reevaluate and reorient processes in agrifood chains in order to scale up food sovereignty.