Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This research is based on the analysis of 156 Costa Rican public health preventive posters published between 2014 and 2018, considering their characteristics, classification and hierarchy of the existing resources. The aim is to delve into the description of the genre of health campaigns. The selected posters are part of digital files of the three healthcare institutions in charge: Ministry of Health, Costa Rican Social Security Administration and Institute of Alcoholism and Drug Dependency. The study was conducted using the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative analysis software, divided into three stages: corpus collection, analysis and systematization of results. The methodology was based on the multimodality approach of Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and the linguistic act organization approach of Charaudeau (2004, 2006). It is concluded that Charaudeau's suggestion allows classifying the posters according to the most prolific production instance and the most relevant target audience; aiming, in most cases, to encourage the audience to perform an action or behavioral change, and based on relevant topics for the current Costa Rican health field. This study also reveals the presence of different modes in the texts and which ones appear in a repetitive way, indicating which are the prevailing modes used to express meaning. The results show that the verbal mode continues to play a dominant role in texts, despite the fact that they all have a multimodal character.  

This article aims to demonstrate that, due to its great pedagogical value, the myth of the crossroads between Virtue and Vice was well accepted for centuries, and became a topic in the classical tradition. Although there are several studies on this matter, the originality of this research consists of focusing on the textual transmission of this story and suggests that Tragedia Ocio, staged in Puebla de los Ángeles 435 years ago, comprises several allusions to such myth. Aiming to achieve the objective, the narration of Prodicus of Ceos preserved by Xenophon is reproduced; then, the main authors who contributed transmitting the myth are mentioned, among them are Cicero, Silius Italicus, Basil, Petrarch, and some Spanish Jesuits, to finally focus on the analysis of the Tragedia Ocio, written by the Novo-Hispanic Jesuit Juan Cigorondo. The main sources are the literati named throughout these pages. It is concluded that the story of Heracles' crossroads between Virtue and Vice was used by authors interested in the education of adolescents and the promotion of virtuous living. This explains why there are several allusions throughout Cigorondo's work since he uses the myth to instill in his students and in society the values that were already being lost. This research was carried out with the support of Project PAPIIT IN402819 “Los procesos de lectura y de escritura en la Grecia antigua: aportes para la educación en México”.  

The purpose of this article is to locate, question and analyze what is understood by subjectivity in certain approaches coming from language studies. In this respect, representative authors have been included who are part of the enunciative tradition, and some are from discourse analysis who use enunciation to question its nature, namely: Arnauld and Lancelot, Bally, Benveniste, Jakobson, Culioli, Ducrot, Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Maingueneau and Pêcheux. This paper is organized along three axes: the definitions of enunciation established in the selected texts, the ways in which language and its articulation (or not) along with thought are understood in these elaborations, and the ways in which subjectivity(ies) circulate(s) and their implications. This journey has made it possible to identify the different conceptions related to the enunciative dimension and to the language/thought relationship that cross the theoretical developments addressed, and has recognized two ways of thinking about subjectivity: a constituent subjectivity, in which the subject is cause, origin; and a constituted subjectivity, in which the subject is effect. However, there are various nuances that distinguish the different proposals.  

The conceptualization of the relationship between Virgil and Dante has been one of the most investigated topics in classical tradition and comparative literature studies. The view that has prevailed since the nineteenth century is that of Domenico Comparetti, the coiner of the concept of “classical tradition”, who claimed that Dante had “purified” the popular and legendary image of Virgil. But throughout the twentieth century, other critical perspectives have also been practiced that differ from the scheme proposed by Comparetti. In this article, we analyze medieval Virgilianism: the aesthetic, philosophical, and theological trends that presented certain images of Virgil in the Middle Ages. Dante's Commedia can be explained as a synthesis of the main trends of medieval Virgilianism. Dante considers Virgil a mentor, but in a certain way, he also considers him a heathen author to whom he submits a critical judgment. The conclusion is that Dante is capable of unifying the prophetic vision of Virgil in his poem, held by ecclesiastical authors with the legendary vision of the popular tradition that represented the Mantuan poet as a kind of magician or soothsayer.

In 2018, the denominated Combo Fiscal (Tax Combo) brought together a series of struggles and demonstrations, among which the so-called Marcha de los gatos (The Cats' March) stood out. This march was invisibilized by the media; however, it was massive and celebrated with great enthusiasm. The essay analyzes the presence of an official voice (Government) versus an unofficial voice (the people who go on strike). Furthermore, there are carnivalesque elements in the use of parody, a figure through which the official voice is derided with banners, texts and images. In addition, the presence of the grotesque is shown in the image of the rats to denigrate officialdom. These two elements, the rats and the four cats, represent the opposition between the official and unofficial voices (the visible and the invisible ones).  

The Spiritual Canticle of John of the Cross is studied in this article from the hermeneutic phenomenology, and it is put into dialogue with the literary theory of reading as pleasure to assess its aesthetic, religious and mystical scope. The research confronts the notion of mysticism as plenitude with the perspective of a longing that assumes the absence of this plenitude and, from the perspective of mystical poetry as an expression of an unfulfilled desire, an interpretation of this type of poetry is proposed.  

Revista Comunicación, 1, 2022

Introduction: Peyronie's disease is rare and involves middle-aged men.Objective: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients with Peyronie's disease infiltrated with mononuclear cells.Methods: An observational, analytical, prospective longitudinal study was carried out at the "Comandante Pinares" General Teaching Hospital from June 2015 to May 2018, with a sample of 159 patients. The variables of age, skin color, etiological factors, curvature and deviation of the penis, as well as symptoms and signs, were controlled.Results: The largest number of patients corresponded to the age of 50-59 years, white skin, degrees of curvature between 20o and 39o. After treatment, 115 patients were found to have curvature less than 20o and dorsal deviation. The most frequent cause of penile microtrauma is during sexual intercourse or in the flaccid state of the penis (105/159). Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, with 59.7 and 30.8%, respectively, are the most frequent etiological factors; the symptoms and signs were pain and curvature, 115 patients presented absence of pain when comparing the mean at the end of the treatment, being significant (p= 0.0000).Conclusions: Peyronie's disease is frequent in patients of the fifth decade of life, with white skin color. The most frequent cause are microtraumas in sexual activity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension as personal pathological antecedents. There is improvement of the symptoms in patients infiltrated with mononuclear cells.Keywords: Peyronie's disease; mother cells; mononuclear cells.

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia is the clinical condition that appears when the blood flow of the mesenteric area becomes insufficient to meet intestinal requirements.Objective: To characterize the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the surgery service of Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital of Santa Clara City, Villa Clara Province, Cuba, from January 2016 to December 2020. The sample consisted of 119 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Of the 119 patients who presented acute mesenteric ischemia, patients with risk factors predominated: older than 65 years (97; 81.5 %), female (61; 51.3 %), smokers (52; 43.7 %), with arterial hypertension (84; 70.6 %), ischemic heart disease (57; 47.9 %), diabetes mellitus (31; 26.1 %), and peripheral arterial disease (20; 16.8 %). Surgical management predominated: exploratory laparotomy and closure (55; 46.3 %). The most frequent complications were multiple organ failure (25; 25.7 %) in the deceased patients. Among the necropsy findings, arteriosclerotic thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery predominated.Conclusions: Mesenteric ischemia is frequent in patients with risk factors such as age over 65 years, the female sex, the toxic habit of smoking; as well as chronic noncommunicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The most commonly performed procedure is surgery (laparotomy and closure). In most of the performed necropsies, thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery is the main finding according to the necrology reports.

Introduction: The lack of a pre-established parameter that allows determining the precise moment to suspend the scheduled peritoneal lavages, often leads to performing insufficient number of them, or perhaps these are unnecessarily prolonged, increasing the probability of the patient´s death. Objective: To determine the efficacy of peritoneal cytological imprinting in deciding when to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages.Methods: A descriptive study of diagnostic accuracy was carried out, in a series of cases, with prospective data collection in the five-year period from 2010 to 2014 at Celia Sánchez Manduley Provincial Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital. The sample was made up of 42 patients who were treated for persistent secondary peritonitis. They were classified according to four correlation categories, taking paraffin biopsy as reference standard.Results: Samples with acute peritoneal inflammation and healing of peritoneal inflammation were correctly identified in 39/42 cases. Therefore, the global predictive percentage of the cytological imprint was 92.86%. The sensitivity in the diagnosis of acute peritoneal inflammation was 100%, the specificity was 92.68%, the positive predictive value was 24.99%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.67 and 0, respectively. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.376.Conclusions: The peritoneal cytological imprint is an effective diagnostic method to rule out acute peritoneal inflammation when the result is negative and it was considered very useful to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages.Keywords: peritoneal cytological imprint; diagnostic efficacy; scheduled peritoneal lavage.