Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: Las lesiones traumáticas maxilofaciales son un problema de salud importante en todo el mundo. Suponen una carga para la salud pública. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la necesidad de combinar en el contexto cubano principios y recursos clásicos y modernos en el manejo de fracturas tipo Le Fort. Comentarios principales: El tratamiento de las fracturas faciales ha evolucionado mucho a lo largo de los años. Tradicionalmente, el alambre de acero inoxidable se utilizaba para la osteosíntesis en cirugía maxilofacial hasta la aparición de las miniplacas. Los sistemas de osteosíntesis de titanio son actualmente los de elección en cirugía maxilofacial. A pesar de sus ventajas indiscutibles, en los países en desarrollo ocasionalmente no se cuenta con todo el equipamiento necesario para su empleo.Consideraciones globales: El manejo del trauma maxilofacial se centra en la reobtención de la forma y la función original de la región afectada. Sin vulnerar los principios teóricos de manejo de fracturas tipo Le Fort, se impone de los profesionales cubanos la búsqueda de soluciones en concordancia con la disponibilidad de recursos. La unión de técnicas clásicas y recursos modernos como las suspensiones craneofaciales alámbricas, los arcos barra y los tornillos de fijación maxilomandibular puede ser una alternativa terapéutica confiable.

Introduction: The effect of oxygen on the surface of resins at the moment of photopolymerization creates a layer which is susceptible to pigments. The use of glycerin may block this effect.Objective: Determine whether there is a difference in the color stability of nanohybrid composite resin subjected to a coloring agent when glycerin is either applied or not applied.Methods: Sixty resin disks were distributed into Group 1 (without glycerin) and Group 2 (with glycerin). Photopolymerization was performed for 20 s with a Bluephase®N LED lamp. The first color measurement was taken with an Easyshase®V spectrophotometer, recording the values obtained for L* (luminosity), a* (red-green axis) and b* (blue-yellow axis). The second color measurement was taken after immersion of the samples for one month in Coca-Cola®, maintaining them in an incubator at 37ºC. Statistical data analysis was performed with Student's t test to determine the color stability changes occurring in the two groups and compare them.Results: Color stability changes were observed in all the resin samples. Mean distance between initial and final color was ΔE = 6.91 in Group 1 and ΔE = 3.74 in Group 2. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups analyzed (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Glycerin is an effective substance to block the effect of oxygen on the resin surface, preventing the formation of an oxygen-inhibited layer and raising the color stability of the nanohybrid composite resin.

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a multifocal malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells which presents with characteristic lesions on the skin, mouth and lymph glands.Objective: Describe a case of Kaposi sarcoma with characteristics that hindered HIV infection diagnosis.Case presentation: A case is presented of a male 30-year-old patient recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and not following any treatment. The patient was referred to the maxillofacial surgery service for right cervical adenopathy biopsy. Physical examination revealed generalized edema in both lower limbs, with hyperpigmented lesions of macular and papular appearance and various shades of color. A purplish pigmented lesion was detected in the hard palate mucosa. The lesion covered the palatal midline and extended toward the left hemiarch. Exeresis of the adenopathy was performed for diagnostic purposes, confirming the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma.Conclusions: Lack of familiarity with the clinical characteristics of Kaposi sarcoma, and not performing a biopsy of the skin lesions and a complete examination of the oral cavity, made the neoplasm go unnoticed to routine medical tests, leading to low suspicion of HIV/AIDS infection and delaying timely treatment. In advanced immunosuppression, Kaposi sarcoma related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome tends to be more aggressive.

Introduction: Head and neck biomechanical principles are particularly relevant in the fields of orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics. Any anomaly should be analyzed and treated within the cranio-cervical-mandibular system applying a comprehensive approach.Objective: Describe the relationship between the sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal pattern, body posture and craniocervical position in adolescents.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2019. The study sample was 105 adolescents attending seventh grade at Eduardo Anoceto Rega junior high school in Santa Clara. Determination was made of maxillomandibular skeletal patterns Classes I, II and III, measuring the facial convexity in Ricketts' cephalograms, craniocervical extension, normal inclination and flexion positions with Rocabado's cephalogram, and posture type with Bricot's method. Ethical standards were complied with. Use was made of the statistical tests chi-square, Fisher's F and Welch's.Results: Posture D (flat back and anterior scapular plane) prevailed in all skeletal classes: 64.76% of the adolescents, followed by posture C (posterior scapular plane). In Class II, posture D was followed by posture B (scapular and gluteal plane aligned with increased anterior curves): 6.22%. A predominance was observed of craniocervical normal inclination: 46.67% and flexion: 42.86%. In Class III, Rocabado's flexion and posteroinferior angle were more common than the remaining 107º skeletal classes.Conclusions: Cranial position with respect to cervical structures, according to the characteristics of each skeletal class, may be an important indicator in morphological diagnosis. Despite the large number of studies conducted in this field, consensus has not been achieved about the degree of relationship between craniocervical posture and malocclusions.

Introduction: General anesthesia is considered to be a pharmacological tool included among the advanced dental techniques used to manage uncooperative and physically and/or mentally disabled patients, as well as a support mechanism in the performance of dental treatments.Objective: Evaluate the use of general anesthesia for the dental care of children and people with disabilities.Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was conducted of 17 studies published from 2009 to 2019 in six databases: MedLine-PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Clinical Key, IBECS and Cuiden. The study followed the recommendations contained in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and maintained the corresponding ethical and methodological rigor.Results: Search results made it possible to characterize the studies by year, country and methodological approach. The evidence obtained shows that general anesthesia is useful and effective as a technique to control the behavior of children and people with disabilities during dental care.Conclusions: General anesthesia is an excellent alternative as a technique to solve the oral problems of children and people with physical and/or mental disabilities, thus improving their quality of life.

Introducción: Debido al consumo indiscriminado de fármacos, muchas bacterias han comenzado a mostrar resistencia. Intentando buscar soluciones a esto cada vez hay más investigaciones que buscan encontrar los beneficios médicos de determinadas plantas sobre la cavidad oral, y que tengan el menor efecto tóxico. El 10% de las plantas a nivel mundial se usan con fines medicinales,y el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer indica que el 67% de los fármacos tiene su origen en la naturaleza, y el 25% derivan de las plantas. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento in vitro de los extractos de Plantago major, Eucalyptus globulus y Matricaria chamomilla a diferentes concentraciones (100%, 50%, 25% y 12,5%) sobre cepas Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, in vitro, prospectivo y longitudinal. El universo estuvo formado por las cepas Streptococcus mutans, y la población las cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). El tamaño de la muestra se basó en el método estandarizado del CLSI. La muestra fueron 10 discos por extracto, embebidos con 50 uL., colocados sobre agar Mueller Hinton con sembrado de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), se realizó las medidas de los halos de inhibición a las 24 horas. Se usaron pruebas paramétricas de análisis de varianza y la prueba Tukey. Resultados: El halo inhibitorio promedio de la clorhexidina al 0.12% fue de 12,76 mm (p= 0,006). El extracto de “eucalipto” al 25% presentó diferencias significativas respecto a los otros grupos (p=0,040), al 50% (p=0,002) y al 100% (p=0,000). Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de Eucalyptus globulus al 100% presentó efecto inhibitorio frente a Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in vitro

Introduction: Rubber dam isolation is a dental procedure that ensures biosafety and the quality of restorative treatments; however, no appropriate tool is available to evaluate the topic in Peruvian reality.Objective: Design and validate a scale to evaluate the attitude of Peruvian dentists toward rubber dam isolation.Methods: An instrumental cross-sectional study was conducted. The scale was applied through a virtual questionnaire and then distributed on social networks to 279 dentists (143 women and 136 men) selected by intentional nonprobability sampling. Age ranged from 22 to 67 years.Results: Aiken's V coefficient values were favorable for all items. Exploratory factor analysis showed the presence of a single factor. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested deletion of items 1 and 7. Reliability of the scale proved to be good. It was estimated with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.71.Conclusions: The scale about attitudes of Peruvian dentists toward rubber dam isolation (Act-AA-Cov19) is a brief, valid and reliable measurement which may be used for research purposes.

Introduction: When studying academic performance it is important to address the influencing factors in it, as well as the causes to which students attribute their successes or failures. Hence the need to have valid and reliable instruments for this purpose.Objective: Validate an attributional scale on the motivation of general achievement in relation to academic performance in Cuban students of Stomatology.Methods: An instrumental, cross-sectional and multicenter study included students from nine Cuban universities. From an instrument in Spanish, validated in Venezuelan students, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. In addition, the internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Results: 1324 participants were included, of which 66.8% were women and the mean age was 21.2 ± 1.8 years. The statisticians KMO (0.918) and Bartlett (10112.063; gl = 153; p < 0.001) presented acceptable and significant results. The total variance explained by the 18 items distributed in four factors is adequate (60.6%). Robust analyses show how the factor structure is satisfactory. Significant relationships were found between all dimensions of the scale, which suggest the presence of adaptive and maladaptive attributional patterns.Conclusion: The scale is valid and reliable to identify causal attributions about overall academic performance in Cuban stomatology students.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown differences in the perception of dental and facial asymmetries between dental professionals and non-experts. However, the literature on differences in the perception of chin asymmetries is limited.Objective: Compare the aesthetic perception of chin asymmetries among orthodontists, specialist dentists, students and patients of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Central University of Ecuador.Methods: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. The universe was made up of 36 orthodontists, 77 specialist dentists, 96 students and 2580 patients from this Faculty. The sample size was 30 participants for each group. The transverse position of the chin was digitally modified from 0° to 6° in the photographs of two Ecuadorian subjects (male-female). The evaluation was carried out by means of an analogous visual scale.Results: The photographs of asymmetries of the chin with 0° of deviation were qualified as very aesthetic and the asymmetries with 6° were unsightly for the four groups. Orthodontists, specialist dentists and students considered as an aesthetic limit the 2nd deviation of the chin for the photography of the female and male subject. The aesthetic limits were 2° of deviation for the female subject and 3° for the male subject. Significant differences were found between the groups of evaluators and the photographs (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Orthodontists perceived facial aesthetics close to the norm of chin asymmetry, which has an important role in the perception of facial aesthetics.

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in men around the world, so you need to be vigilant to be able to detect it in time. This is achieved by screening with the specific prostate antigen, in patients older than 50 years and presenting risk factors, which has a high sensitivity but a low specificity, so it is necessary to know what factors can raise it and which can decrease it, affecting the timely diagnosis that can be given. Also must be performed a clinical and pathological staging, so that the urologist, can give a adequate treatment according to the stage of his illness, the functional state of the patient and his needs.