Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop for small farmers in the province of Manabí, due to its prominence in ecuadorian cuisine, as is one of the main ingredients in local dishes such as encebollado, tortillas, muchines, and others. The high starch content of its roots is related to rapid physiological deterioration, which causes decomposition and loss of nutritional content. This work aims to evaluate the effects of intensity and time pruning before harvest on variety INIAP-P 652 “La Rendidora”, by determining agronomic and productive variables, as well as starch content and shelf-life of the roots. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with bi-factorial arrangement, 2 x 3 + 1 control (without pruning), with four replications was used. The pruning intensity was carried out by cutting 50 and 75 % of the foliage on plants at 14, 21 and 28 days before harvest. The plants subjected to the pruning intensity at 50 and 75 % showed deterioration symptoms on the fourth day, with values of 13.3 and 3.3 %, respectively. The treatment with 75 % pruning at 28 showed deterioration symptoms on the seventh day. This contrasts with the control plants, which showed deterioration symptoms the day after the harvest. The results suggest that pruning before harvest increases the shelf-life of cassava roots.

The present research is in effect in response to the economic development that implies changes in the cities and the needs that exist in the Canton, Crucita being the strategic place to demand investment in machinery, labor, raw materials, land and construction for a total of $117 434, mentioned this, the objective was to carry out a technical study for the production of gelatin based on fish scales in the city of Portoviejo. The research to be used was descriptive and non-experimental; a theoretical, empirical and mathematical methodology was used that allowed the development of the proposed study. The installed capacity for the development of the production of gelatin based on fish scales will be 500 pounds per week. Through the application of the survey technique instrument that was directed to 385 participants from the Portoviejo Canton, including the application of interviews with fishing artisans, the results were obtained, indicating that 91% of those surveyed show interest in one of the products. to consider, with a presentation of 400 gr containers at a price of $2,50, on the other hand, there is the possibility of expanding demand and production at a national level, for this reason, the study presents a complete and solid vision of the viability of the creation of the gelatin processing plant based on fish scales, thus providing great opportunities in the market, both labor, economic and at the industry level. 

Coffea canephora, known as robusta coffee, is an important species in the world coffee industry, valued for its caffeine content and its adaptability to diverse climatic conditions. The Technical University of Cotopaxi - Ecuador through the project “Promotion of Integral Coffee Production in the Province of Cotopaxi” evaluated the production of varieties and clones of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora P) under subtropical conditions in the parish of Guasaganda, province of Cotopaxi - Ecuador in the experimental center Sacha Wiwa. Two experimental lots were established, lot 1 with the varieties Ecorobusta, Napopayamino and Coniolón and lot 2 with the clones COF-06; COF-01; COF-02; EET-375611; NP-2024; NP-3051. Each lot was studied differently, in a randomized complete block design (DBCA) with four replications, for the analysis of means the Tukey's multiple range test was used at 5 % probability. The varieties and clones were evaluated in the rainy and dry seasons of 2022 and 2023. In lot 1, the variety with the highest production was Ecorobusta with 9,121.78, 17,548.39 and 13,979.12 g/plant; in lot 2, the clones that stood out in the dry and rainy seasons were COF-06 with 535.50 and 53,010.00 g/plant and clone EET-375611 with 6,842.50 and 16,071.00 g/plant. These varieties and clones have adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of the area, so it is recommended to disseminate them among farmers.   

A study was carried out at the "La Playita" Experimental Center belonging to the Technical University of Cotopaxi, La Maná extension, with the aim of evaluating the combined application of biological amendments with mineral fertilization on tobacco (Nicotianan tabacum L.) yield and pH changes in the soil, during the months of October 2023 to April 2024. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with five treatments and five repetitions. Agronomic variables were evaluated 60 days after transplant. The variables evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width and length, and relative chlorophyll concentration with the SPAD meter. For the yield component, the variables evaluated were: fresh and dry leaf weight, and finally, changes in soil pH were evaluated. All treatments were combined with base mineral fertilization. The leaf width and length variable with the use of diatoms obtained a higher development index. Plant height with microorganisms had a higher growth. SPAD readings with the application of microorganisms had the highest concentration in chlorophyll content, while tobacco yield had a greater influence with the use of mycorrhiza with a yield of 3 190 kg ha-1. On the other hand, pH values in the soil were influenced by similar values within the range of 6.0 to 7.0 by the use of microorganisms.Keywords: sustainable agriculture, plant growth, beneficial microorganisms, pH, yield.

In Ecuador, cocoa plantations in Kichwa communities and communes have a high incidence and severity of moniliasis, with production losses ranging from 40 % to 80 % of the annual cocoa harvest. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the application of biological fungicides on Moniliophthora roreri Cif & Par in the crop Theobroma cacao L. Four products were evaluated: Trichoderma asperellum (T1: 2x106 CFU and T5: 2x107 CFU), ozonated sunflower oil (T2: 2,5 mL L-1 and T6: 5 mL L-1), sacha inchi oil (T3: 2,5 mL L-1 and T7: 5 mL L-1) and copper sulfate pentahydrate 270 g L-1 (T4: 1,5 mL L-1 and T8: 2,5 mL L-1), in addition to the absolute control (T9). The trial showed an average of 39,71 % damage by moniliasis. Applications were made every 15 and 22 days, with monitored every 15 days for 9 weeks. The results showed that the treatments had an effect on the level of control of moniliasis in CCN51 cocoa plants, with an average incidence reduction of 38,53 % and severity of 49,73 % compared to that of the absolute control. In addition, values higher than 48 % of efficacy in the control of the phytopathogen were obtained for treatments T8 (51,69 %), T6 (49,36 %), and T2 (48,19 %). Applying ozonated sunflower oil in doses of 2,5 mL L-1 every 15 days and 5 mL L-1 every 21 days is recommended. 

Con el objetivo de valorar los moluscos existentes en diferentes biotipos como posibles hospederos intermediarios de la Fasciola hepatica se estudiaron clínicamente 120 ovinos de raza criolla, criados en condiciones semirrústicas y en etapa de ceba, con sintomatología clínica propia de procesos parasitarios relacionados con fasciola. Su procedencia fue de diferentes autoconsumos situados en el municipio de Camagüey-Cuba. Se realizaron 41 necropsias para evaluar las lesiones anatomopatológicas. Se llevó a cabo un pesquisaje coprológico a 100 ovinos, para determinar la presencia de huevos del parásito y se recolectaron 100 caracoles de cada uno de los lugares en estudio como posibles hospederos intermediarios de la enfermedad. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó la estadística descriptiva, específicamente tabla de frecuencia y porcentaje, hasta el análisis cruzado a partir de tabla de contingencia. Los resultados reflejaron que el 86 % de los ovinos enfermos manifestaron los síntomas clínicos típicos para la fasciolosis crónica. El 80,4 % de las necropsias reflejaron lesiones anatomopatológicas características de Fasciola hepatica en su fase crónica. El 31 % de los exámenes coprológicos presentaron   huevos con diferentes estadios embrionarios de Fasciola hepatica. Los porcentajes de infestación por especies de moluscos fueron: 65,7 %, para Fossaria cubensis, 24 % para Pseudosuccinia columella y 54,9 % de Tarebia granifera. Se reportó por primera vez en Cuba, el caracol Tarebia granifera como hospedero intermediario asociado a fasciolosis ovina.

Technological innovations enable the recycling of plantain rachis, which is typically discarded as waste. This study aims to evaluate the use of additives (lactic acid bacteria, efficient native microorganisms, and Gliricidia sepium) in the production of silage from plantain rachis (Musa spp) at different preservation times (1 and 6 months). Sixteen microsilos of 1 kg each were prepared for each preservation time, and the following parameters were determined: crude protein (PB), crude fiber (FB), ash, ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (ELN). The treatments used were: T1 Control, T2 SiloBacter®, T3 Gliricidia sepium, and T4 EM.1®. A completely randomized design with sampling over time was employed, and variance analysis was conducted with p<0.05 using Tukey's significance test in RStudio. The addition of Gliricidia sepium improved the nutritional composition of the silage, showing higher values at the first month for ELN (38,85%), FB (38,84%), ash (19,11%), and EE (2,74%). The T1 Control had the highest PB concentration (8,24%). At six months, T3 showed the highest nutritional value in PB (7,38%), EE (2,74%), ELN (38,35%), and the lowest values in FB (38,41%) and ash (20,80%). It is concluded that the use of plantain rachis silage with the addition of Gliricidia is a good alternative as a ruminant feed supplement six months post-production. Transforming rachis into silage significantly contributes to the resilience of agro-food systems.

In Ecuador, Robusta coffee production is key for small farmers thanks to favorable microclimates. At the Sacha-Wiwa experimental center (Cotopaxi), the production of the Napo payamino, Ecorobusta, and Conilón cultivars was evaluated during the dry season, using recycled biomass from mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), and golden button (Tithonia diversifolia) forage crops.  A randomized complete block experimental design was applied, and production was measured every 30 days up to 150 days. The Ecorobusta cultivar obtained the highest production (143,88 kg/10 plants), highlighting the use of kudzu as a forage plant, with 128,88 kg/10 plants. In addition, adequate nutrient levels were maintained in the soil. The study concludes that the use of forage crops, especially kudzu, improves coffee yield and soil fertility.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important source of protein worldwide. The gastropod Sarasinula plebeia is troublesome pest that can cause serious damage. This study evaluated the effectiveness of chemical, physical, and botanical control methods against S. pleabeia in common bean. Four treatments were applied: metaldehyde (0.5 g/plant and 1 g/plant), rue and rosemary extract, and common salt, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications over two growing seasons (2023 and 2024). A repeated measures model was used, and the Toeplitz structure provided the best fit to the data (AIC = 2,452.95; BIC = 2,491.58). The treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.0001), with metaldehyde being the most effective. Although botanical and physical controls also reduced gastropod populations, the botanical extract was more effective than physical in 2023. The study concludes that an integrated management strategy combining different control methods is more effective in reducing S. plebeia populations and minimizing crop damage, especially under reduced tillage systems. 

El Carmen is considered the world capital of barraganete plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) production. However, the lack of research limits the development of this crop. This study evaluated the effect of the synergistic application of Trichoderma spp. and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biocontrol strategies against phytopathogenic nematodes. The aim was to improve crop yield and the control and reduction of this pathogen. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, measuring growth and root characterization variables. The results showed a foliar emission of 3.42 leaves/month and a population density of Radopholus similis of 1,105 individuals. Plants treated with Trichoderma spp. and rhizobacteria showed a significant increase in the number of healthy roots (15.96) and the percentage of functional roots (58.49 %). Furthermore, rhizobacteria treatment increased pseudostem diameter to 1.75 cm and plant height to 36.31 cm. The chemical treatment yielded the highest root weight (147.7 g), while the control treatment showed the most damaged roots (13.29 g) and the lowest percentage of functional roots (49.44 g). These findings highlight the potential of using Trichoderma spp. in combination with rhizobacteria as an effective alternative for nematode biocontrol and strengthening plantain cultivation in El Carmen.