ISSN: 2310-2799
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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Zamora-Sánchez, Ruth; Rodríguez-Castellanos, Arturo; Barrutia-Güenaga, Jon
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
In compliance with the "third mission of universities," the "University Society Linkage Projects" (USLPs) are currently undergoing an important development in many countries. However, there is no comprehensive model for evaluating these projects’ development and impact. This article proposes a model to remedy this deficiency, one which factors in the agents involved, the dimensions and factors relevant to their development, and the variables and indicators to be considered. This model can therefore be useful for universities, public supervisory bodies, and the beneficiary entities of the projects themselves.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Ramirez Urquidy, Martin Arturo
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the role of the economic context determining the entrepreneurial outcomes at state level in Mexico during 2005-2019 and assesses the effects derived from downturns and their implications for employment. It is found that these effects depend on the type of venture, the states’ entrepreneurial structures, the ventures’ sensibility to the changes of the economic activity and the states’ average venture size. To estimate the states’ entrepreneurial and employment effects, panel data techniques are used. The results provide insights, not only on the determinants of entrepreneurship but on the relative and absolute impacts derived from economic downturns, bringing policy implications under the crisis context and to different policy purposes.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Murillo Villanueva, Brenda
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article sets out to disaggregate by origin and destination the value-added contained in the bilateral exports of the member countries of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015. The objective is to identify the proportion of domestic value-added (DVA) that each country exports and the type of participation of each one in the region’s value chains. A value-added input-output model was employed using interregional matrices from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the years under analysis. The findings suggest that Mexican exports have the highest foreign value-added (FVA), meaning that Mexico and Canada have been superficially inserted into the region's value chains, while the US maintains complex chains with its trading partners.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Loría Díaz de Guzmán, Eduardo; Licona Santillán, Estefany
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
In recent years, the labor market in Mexico has become increasingly precarious, as the proportion of the employed population that receives low wages has risen and the critical conditions of occupation have grown exponentially. To enrich the concept of labor precariousness, we aggregate three additional variables. Through a logit model —with data from the ESRU-EMOVI (2017)—we proved that a set of variables that are external to individuals have statistically significant effects on the employment trajectory and social mobility of the employed population. These results empirically validate The Great Gatsby Curve for Mexico.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Lechuga Montenegro, Jesús; Valdés Iglesias, Edson
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article seeks to analyze the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and bank credit to the industrial sector as expansion factors for the productive sector in Mexico from 1995 to 2020. During this period, Mexico was transitioning from an economy with high tariff protection to an open economy, under the generally accepted theoretical postulate that financial repression impeded the free flow of investment. This scenario was unfavorable for an industry that was beginning to reconfigure itself within the framework of a secondary export model. Analysis was conducted using a Markov regime switching model and an Error Correction Vector Model (ECVM). The selected models do not reveal any causal relationship from the financial sector to the real sector or vice versa.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Vázquez Muñoz, Juan Alberto; Zavaleta González, Josué
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the relative importance of exports and capital accumulation for growth rates in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico for the period 1961-2019, and Brazil for the period 1971-2019. This article finds evidence that capital accumulation has a significant positive effect on the growth rate, with exports also having a significant, although lesser, impact. Likewise, the effect of exports on reducing the external constraint to growth is insignificant compared to that of capital accumulation. The article concludes by suggesting that growth models should privilege capital accumulation, rather than exports.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Cervantes, Rosario; Villaseñor Becerra, Jorge Ignacio
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the behavior of the Economic Fitness indicator as a measure of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as an indicator of their relationship with per capita income gaps and the Human Development Index (HDI). Positive correlations were found between per capita income gaps and the stagnation of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as between human development levels and the productive structure, suggesting a causal relationship between human development and competitiveness
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Basave Kundhart, Jorge
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
This article analyzes the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of large Mexican companies in the United States (US). On the macroeconomic level, the level of Mexican FDI in the US fluctuates according to domestic and international economic conjunctures. The result is two “waves” of FDI with differentiated determinants: the first wave that began in the 1970s, and the second which began with the opening of the Mexican economy at the end of the 1980s and was affected by the 2008 global financial crisis. Due to the business practices and economic activities of Mexican firms, the factors which determine the spatial location of Mexican FDI in the US are the parent company’s proximity to actual and potential markets and their participation in global production chains.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2007-8951, 0301-7036
Morales-López, Rodrigo
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Resumen
China has increased its participation in Global Value Chains (GVC) since 2001 and has been considered an "uninvited member" in the North American integration process. This article uses matrix input-output analysis to analyze China's presence in North American manufacturing chains — from the point of view of Mexican exports — during 2000-2014. The findings demonstrate a decline in the share of U.S. value-added embodied in Mexico's manufacturing exports to North America, displaced mainly by Chinese value-added ultimately consumed in the United States. While inputs from the United States and Canada, present in Mexican manufacturing exports, show signs of reprimarization, inputs imported from China show increasing levels of sophistication.
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