Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The creation of replicas using moulds was not new in the nineteenth century. However, for various reasons, particularly the creation of public museums, the use of casts as museum objects took off around the world. This was due to the use of new materials and improved techniques. This article addresses some issues in the processes of creating moulds of monuments based on new information found in archival documents on these objects. In the mould-making process, the requestor, the owners of the originals and the management of the operation are directly related to the state of conservation of monuments and the role of replicas in the preservation of current monumental heritage.

The reconstruction of the Pabellón de la República Española completed in 1992 by Juan Miguel Hernández León, and Miquel Espinet and Antoni Ubach in Barcelona includes omissions and additions that were not part of the pavilion built in 1937 by Luis Lacasa and Josep Lluís Sert. This article look does not look at these differences as unconscious mistakes or absentminded omissions. Instead, it reads them as material evidence of the historiographical arguments around the origins of Spanish modern architecture that emerged during the country’s transition to democracy. This approach allows abandoning discussions over the faithfulness of the reproduction, to analyse the relationship between the pavilions in terms of trajectory (Latour, 2010) or inframince (Banz, 2019) opening up the discussion of the cultural relevance of architectural copies.

Among museum plaster casts, those of architecture have a peculiar status. They are not complete replicas of originals, as is the case for statuary, but copies of pieces, fragments or portions of buildings —one historical response to the problem of exhibiting architecture in a museum gallery. The complex relationship of plaster casts of architecture with their originals is at the origin of the Augmented Reality experience Plaster ReCast. Through the lens of this digital media project, the essay examines how digital reproduction techniques are changing our relationship with many tenets of modern culture: the concept of authenticity, the role of museums in our society and also the way we look at the objects contained in them.

This article discusses, via five case studies, the improbability of copying in the art of painting. The five case studies consider accent, voice, process, truth and error. Considered from the perspective of accent, in other words from that of the distinctive tone that each author imposes on their work, there can be no such thing as a literal copy. Considering painting as non-voiced poetry, it would be difficult to find the same voice in the copy as in the original. Considered from the perspective of process, every work is an unfinished act, ultimately making the concept of copying meaningless. Considered from the perspective of truth, truth is inexhaustible and unfathomable; it owes nothing nor is owned — there can be no copies. Finally, considered from the perspective of error, copy and original form part of a single, beautiful experiment. These same appreciations can be applied to architecture.

There are several prejudices that surround Le Corbusier’s work. In the urban planning field, the association with the ‘tabula rasa’ and insensitivity to heritage, based mainly on the Plan Voisin for Paris of 1925, is recurrent. However, the partial vision of his work and the exclusive focus on his initial phase have consolidated ideas that do not represent his whole career. This research explores the case of Saint-Gaudens as a sample of the urban approaches developed since the publication of The Three Human Establishments. This case allows us to approach his proposals for intervention on inherited cities on a smaller scale, far removed from the ideas that have become widespread. Through an extensive literature review, the graphic document management and the planimetric superimposition, the city analysis demonstrates the existence of another Le Corbusier’s vision towards the historic city, on which it shows respect and safeguards, and, therefore, the hypothesis of this research.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de las Cortes portuguesas (1821-1822) en la obra de Manuel de Oliveira Lima (1867-1928). Él planteó una visión de la Historia basada en el liberalismo político y que se identifica con la llamada Historia Whig. En las siguientes secciones, este texto examinará la relación entre la Historia Whig y las ideas liberales y cómo Oliveira Lima ha analizado el liberalismo, particularmente en sus libros sobre el Imperio Brasileño. En la última sección, el texto se centra en la discusión sobre las Cortes Portuguesas, enfatizando los debates sobre si la Constitución portuguesa debería recolonizar Brasil, rompiendo así el régimen de libertades resultante de la presencia de la familia real en Río de Janeiro.

Apresentação do dossiê "A Independência e a diversidade de projetos provinciais"

The examination of entheseal changes offers a promising perspective for addressing the study of  physical activity and body use in past populations. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyze the level of expression of such changes to explore, from a bioarchaeological approach, the patterns and levels of physical activity in a skeletal sample from the site of La Falda (Tilcara, Jujuy). This site has been assigned to the early Hispanic-Indigenous period and radiocarbon dates suggest that it was used between 1460 and 1639 cal AD. The sample is made up of 18 adult skeletons with estimated age and sex. For the analysis, 17 fibrocartilaginous entheses were selected, which were recorded using the new Coimbra method. Frequencies of changes were calculated and generalized linear models were used to statistically compare  prevalence between laterality, sexes, and ages. Statistical analyzes yielded significant differences between age groups and sexes. No significant differences were observed in terms of laterality. The low number of significant differences made it difficult to establish a differential pattern in terms of age and sex. However, the results suggest greater engagement in women of upper limb muscles, and of the lower limbs in men, mainly with regard to greater mobility. Finally, the usefulness of employing the analysis of entheseal changes to explore the biomechanical stress levels required by the lifestyles of agropastoral populations is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of using the new Coimbra method.

Periodontal disease is an infection affecting the supporting tissues of teeth. Although it is one of the most frequent infectious processes in the oral cavity, few studies have analyzed this variable in hunter-gatherer skeletal remains from Southern Patagonia and, consequently, its impact on these populations remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyze if the human populations of Southern Patagonia presented high levels of periodontitis, considered as the latest and most destructive stage of periodontal disease, on the basis of the study of a sample of human remains from the Late Holocene from this region. Twenty-five skeletons of adult individuals of both sexes were analyzed, recording the presence and degree of expression of periodontitis in each individual. Prevalence in the sample was calculated according to sex, age, region of origin, and chronology. Additionally, the possible association of periodontitis with other oral pathologies (i.e., caries, antemortem tooth loss and periapical lesions), with dental wear and with the postcranial proliferative periosteal reactions recorded in the sample, interpreted as evidence of inflammatory processes, was explored. A prevalence of 36% (9/25) of individuals with periodontitis was observed, more frequent among females (3/6; 50%), middle adults (4/10; 40%) and those from southern Tierra del Fuego (41.6%) and Santa Cruz/Magallanes (40%). Moderated and low correlations were recorded between periodontitis and both the different oral health variables and the proliferative periosteal reactions. The results indicate deterioration in oral health derived from periodontitis, a possible indicator of poor hygiene.