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546,196 artículos
Año:
2022
ISSN:
1853-6387, 1514-7991
Nasti, Atilio; Díaz, Iván A.; Echandi, Francisco
Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina
Resumen
The following work presents the results of the forensic anthropological analysis of human remains found in the Magallanes department, Santa Cruz province, Argentina. The main objective of this work was the determination of individual characteristics (sex, age and estimation of ancestral pattern) and the detection of bone and dental pathologies for identification purposes. The results indicate that the remains might correspond to an older adult male subject at the time of death, while most of the associated pathologies seem to be consistent with this age range. This work aims to incorporate a new interdisciplinary forensic methodology for the region, presenting a systematic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of human remains linked to judicial cases. In the same vein, it encourages raising awareness among members of the security forces, in general, and the judicial system, in particular, about the importance of anthropological information in future forensic investigations.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
1853-6387, 1514-7991
Luis, Maria Antonia; Caratini, Alicia Liliana; Torres, María Fernanda
Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina
Resumen
The aim of this Code of Ethics is to specify a minimum set of recommended ethical standards for the development of anthropological work involving the participation of contemporary human populations. It was created on the basis of the mandate issued by the Assembly of the Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina (AABA) in 2011, and was `prepared following consultation of suitable sources. The present document was presented at the Assembly of the Undécimas Jornadas de la AABA and passed on November 30, 2013.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
1853-6387, 1514-7991
Garizoain, Gonzalo; Plischuk, Marcos; Salceda, Susana Alicia; García, Marcela Nilda
Asociación de Antropología Biológica Argentina
Resumen
Age is one of the biological characteristics that can best be estimated by tooth analysis. In adult individuals, one of the most relevant age indicators is the translucency of the dentine. Age estimation methods using continuous variables are often based on linear regressions. It is well known that many of these indicators increase with age, but not linearly. In this sense, it has been demonstrated that, in certain segments of the data distribution, age is adjusted to the straight line of the regression, while in others the adjustment is not so linear. As a result of this problem, two models of age estimation based on regressions (linear and logarithmic) were analysed from root translucency measurements in permanent lower canines, from their development in a sample from a local population (Lambre collection, FCM-UNLP), to their subsequent evaluation in a different sample (Anatomical Museum collection, University of Valladolid). Results of the validation of both models showed a better overall performance of the logarithmic model. Age proved an important factor in the estimates, with an increase of the error in older individuals. On the other hand, the logarithmic model showed smaller errors in the estimates, when applied to the overall sample.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Jerez, Gabriel; Marra Alves, Daniele Barroca
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are the pioneer satellite navigation systems. The combined use of GPS and GLONASS data initially aroused interest, but research investigating both signals declined greatly in the late nineties due to the fast degradation that GLONASS suffered. However, after a plan to re-establish the system, in 2011 GLONASS returned to a complete constellation and global coverage. In addition to the reestablishment, the system also went through a modernization process, with new generations of satellites being developed, refinements of the time and reference systems and new control stations being installed. Besides the use of combined data, other factors that influence the positioning quality are the methods employed and the errors to which the transmitted signals are subject. Regarding errors, the ionosphere is an important source, especially for users of simple frequency receivers. Considering this scenario, the present work aimed to conduct a study of the GLONASS system, as well as to analyze the improvements presented in the positioning using its data combined with GPS data in different positioning methods, considering different ionospheric conditions. In general, it was possible to verify the viability of using GLONASS data combined with GPS in all the positioning methods evaluated. In general, it was possible to verify the viability of using GLONASS data combined with GPS in all the positioning methods evaluated, with improvement in more than 97% of the cases analyzed for point positioning and around 70% of the cases with relative positioning.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Vargas Tejedor, Seiry Soleny; Martínez Ardila, Néstor Javier
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
The Agrology Subdivision of the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute (IGAC), through the Internal Interpretation Working Group, carried out the 1:25.000 scale geomorphological mapping of the Department of Cesar, Colombia, following the methodology proposed by IGAC, which is based on a hierarchical geomorphological classification used for soil surveys. The methodology applied in the geomorphological mapping process for soils provides a technical reference that allows to identify and delimitate geoforms in a standardized way of semi-detailed scale for the different areas in the Cesar Department. Therefore, for this interpretation, digital stereoscopy techniques were used from photogrammetric and Orthophoto mosaic blocks generated with aerial photographs. Likewise, as from products obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEM), basic and thematic cartography and multispectral images, were provided by the IGAC National Satellites Images Bank. The geomorphological zoning revealed 5 geomorphological landscapes: The High-elevation Mountain, the foothills located at its base, the hills formed by scattered low reliefs, the Valley with its elongated alluvial deposits and the Plain formed by extensive alluvial planes associated with the Magdalena River. The geoforms identified are mainly composed by transported clastic sediments and alterites from different types of rocks. The arrangement of the current geographical relief is strongly related with the Quaternary climate changes, especially in the Holocene, due to the changes in sea level that affected the Colombian Caribbean Region.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Orlando, Francisco Cristiano; Bias, Edilson de Souza; Hoyos, Elieth Aline; Pazmiño, Maria Fernanda Leon
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
The demand on the part of the society of cartographic documents has grown all over the world, including Brazil. The advance of geotechnologies associated with the publication of data free of charge allows this acquisition to be more accessible. Now it is possible to use high resolution images, for example, the images of the Google Earth platform. The goal of this study is to evaluate the positional accuracy of the images from the Google Earth platform for selected applications. The study areas were selected through the random sample process, making the selection of a state by region. The selected states were in Alagoas (northeast), Río de Janeiro (southeast), Santa Catarina (south), Goiás (centralwest) y Tocantins (north). Control points measured in the field with GNSS were used to evaluate the positional accuracy. The results obtained in this study indicate that the image provided by the Google Earth platform has a positional accuracy compatible with a scale of 1:25 000 class B of the EPC —Standard of Cartographic Precision of Brazil, which indicates its solo use for mapping in on the scale of 1:25 000.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Guerrero Narváez, Francisco Manuel
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
Some of the main obstacles to the conquest and colonization of America by European powers were the scarce knowledge of the territory and the hostility of indigenous ethnic groups to its presence. Over the years, remarkable characters played the role of explorers and applying empirical methods began the survey of the territory, using the data collected and with the methods available on that time the first maps were delineated. Nearly two centuries passed and maps of South America with the Amazon River and its hydrographic basin as one of the centrals elements began to be produced by religious and scientific personalities. The purposes were totally different, but the expected result was a reliable representation of the area. Through the use of geographic information system programs and specialized software in map comparison, a temporal and comparative analysis of five old maps of the region published in the eighteenth century was carried out, with which in a graphical way the reader can visualize the updates of the mapped geographic elements and the accuracy of the work. Likewise, the selected area was digitalized and the basic cartography of each map with its respective database was created. In order to visualize the information generated through a virtual environment, a Story Map Journal in ArcGIS Online was created, it includes a summary about the life of each author, a description and the bibliographic reference of the map made, and the map compared to current data.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Antônio da Silva Júnior, Juarez; Silva França, Thaisa Manoela; Silva de Moraes, Vanessa
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
Due to the popularity of Google Earth, users often use the platform's geographic data for scientific and spatial planning purposes. However, Google claims that these data are only approximations and therefore their positional accuracy is not officially documented. In view of the improvement in obtaining these data,there is a need to assess the quality of the cartographic product. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the planimetric quality of point data obtained from Google Earth, based on Descriptive Statistics, Trend Analysis and the Brazilian Standard for Cartographic Precision (PEC-PCD). For this, two georeferenced orthophotoswith a spatial resolution of 5 cm were used as a reference, one in an urban area and another in a rural area in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In the results, a positional error of 1.26 m was found in the urban area and 4.65 m in the rural area. According to the PEC-PCD analysis, the planimetric data generated by Google Earth meet the technical specifications at scales of less than 1:5000, in densely urbanized areas, and 1:10,000, in non-urbanized areas. Thus, in places with greater availability of high resolution satellite images, it was observed that the data present a more significant precision. In this sense, Google Earth represents an attractive source of positional data that can be used for spatial analysis and preliminary surveys.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Tovar Plata, Lizbeth; Hinojosa Reyes, Raquel
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
This document diagnoses the effects of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) in the study of the demand for urban freight transport, by means of a comparison of different analysis scales to determine the relevance of working with different levels of detail. It is recommended to analyze the number of retail businesses, because they are the ones that mainly attract urban freight transport, and other variables of a socio-territorial type, considering three different spatial units: basic geostatistical area, electoral section, and regular 500-by-500-meter grids. For each scale, descriptive statistics parameters, correlation between variables, as well as global and local spatial autocorrelation (Moran-LISA’s I) were obtained to determine the impact of the MAUP. The results obtained show that the electoral sections do not result in an adequate scale, unless it is used as a complementary scale, since the statistical results indicate a greater variation. However, its cartographic representation allows seeing spatial groupings that are not observed in the other scales, which can be a valuable contribution. In the case of the Basic Geostatistical Area (BGA) scale and the 500-by-500-meter grids, data show less dispersion. The variables analyzed show a greater correlation and present a greater global spatial autocorrelation, which is why it is determined that they may be the most appropriate scales to model the transport of merchandise in the study area. The site that had no discrepancy, regardless of the scale of analysis, was the historic downtown of the city of Toluca, so it can be considered a priority site based on its demand for merchandise and territorial characteristics, where regulation and transport control alternatives can be incorporated, as well as the creation of infrastructure to make deliv-eries more efficient and to mitigate its negative impacts.
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Año:
2022
ISSN:
2663-3981, 0080-2085
Muñoz Rodriguez, José Miguel; Hinojosa Reyes, Raquel
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia
Resumen
A geographic information system (GIS) is an elementary tool for road safety management. The implemen-tation of methodologies that allow strategic planning units to improve the road accident problem suffered by the world's cities can be considerably reduced through the analysis of physical, economic, spatial and social variables of the metropolis. For this reason, this article uses free geoinformatics tools that support this management. The methodological review is materialized in the SIGESEV-TC: a geographic, statistical and consulting portal for the management of road safety in Toluca, the capital of the State of Mexico, where it is possible to store, visualize and manage geographically and statistically the traffic accidents that have occurred in the city. This Project becomes the first road safety management GIS for the city of Toluca
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