Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper seeks to model the effect that different patterns of household composition have on the observed levels of fertility in the municipalities of Mexico in the year 2020; it is a quantitative cross-sectional cohort research based on the application of spatial Bayesian methods. The hypothesis is that the presence of a higher percentage of family households should have an impact on higher municipal fertility rates. The methodology involves the implementation of two latent Gaussian models. One null model, which seeks to determine whether the observed fertility patterns were generated by some socio-demographic mechanism or, on the contrary, arose randomly, and two, a model with covariates whose objective is to replicate the behavior of fertility by evaluating the effect of the proportion of nuclear, extended and compound households present in municipalities. The results obtained from estimation of null model confirm the existence of a direct relationship between increase in the proportion of nuclear and extended households and the increase of municipal fertility. However, it can be concluded that the level of replacement fertility reached by Mexico in the year 2020 is the product of marked differences between municipalities; differences originated by the presence of a heterogeneous typology of households immersed in disparate geographic, social and cultural contexts.

Objective: to analyze if social origin and certain sociodemographic characteristics such as: education level, having a job and being a mother, influence in two cohorts of women in Mexico to postpone their entry into their first union. Data source: Retrospective Demographic Survey of 2017. Methodology: descriptive and multivariate event history techniques were used. In multivariate analysis, two event history models were adjusted, one for women from the oldest cohort and one for the youngest. Results: Women born between 1978 and 1987 delayed their calendar compared to those born between 1962 and 1967. The proportion of occurrences of the first union at age 30 has changed according to the birth cohort, with younger women showing lower percentages of a first marriage at this age. Women from the younger cohort who are highly educated do not have children and are from a higher stratum, they are less likely to join. Conclusions: the calendar of the union in Mexico is heterogeneous and is accentuated by the new generations and the socioeconomic stratum to which they belong, in addition to factors such as educational level and pre-union fertility.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between socio-labor conditions and health care in the face of COVID-19 among the farmworkers in two municipalities of Sonora, Mexico. Method: . Through semi-structured interviews and field observations, the care practices and health provisions implemented by the agricultural work centers were analyzed. Twenty-two interviews were conducted, 18 in the municipality of Hermosillo and 4 in San Miguel de Horcasitas. Results: Agricultural activities in Mexico did not cease and farmworkers continued their work in a diverse context of prevention measures. We found a disparity between the different productive units, which carried out protocols oriented to the care of the harvest to the detriment of human health. The means of agricultural transport lacked sufficient attention in terms of contagion prevention. The practice of payments in the localities without a sanitary protocol was evident. Conclusion: The intervention of the health authorities is necessary to homogenize the prevention protocols in the face of COVID-19. Socio-labor conditions are an obstacle to pandemic mitigation.

The Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA), of the University of Costa Rica, is a multidisciplinary unit that for 45 years has been conducting research in four major fields: human genetics, cancer, aging and the interaction between nutrition and infection processes.

The Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud of the University of Costa Rica has contributed to the promotion of human health through scientific research, teaching and social action since 1974, when the creation of an institute for research on human health was proposed by recommendation of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICIT).

The analysis of the pellet contents of raptor pellets is a suitable method to estimate the composition of the assemblages of micromammal species, as well as some of the parameters of their populations. The present contribution aims to establish a characterization of the trophic ecology of Tyto spp. establishing, in addition, the first records on sex determination and relative age of rodent prey in the Florindo Donati Natural Protected Area, Santa Fe province, Argentina. From the field work, a total of 46 pellets were recovered and 108 prey individuals were identified. The total number of species recorded corresponds to native rodents of the Cricetidae family. It was possible to establish a diet consisting of four species: Akodon azarae (Fischer, 1829), Oligoryzomys flavescens (Waterhouse, 1837) and Calomys spp. The genus Calomys was the dominant taxon (93.5 %). It was possible to establish a higher consumption of adult specimens (larger size) which may be the result of a maximization of net energy input by the predator. No differential predation by sex was observed. This study shows that diet analysis of Tyto spp. can be considered a tool to estimate the population abundance and distribution of small rodent species, avoiding other procedures, such as intensive trapping, which are potentially risky in terms of health and costly in time and effort.

Catharus ustulatus crosses the Gulf of Mexico during the autumn. In Guanahacabibes peninsula, one of the main Cuban migration flyways, were detected in four times before. With this work, we intend to establish a base line that allows us to detect and understand changes in that species migration pattern, tracking down the specific status and serve as bases for the territorial handling. Captures were made with ornithological nets during september, october and november in 2015-2019. The species appears frequently in the area between september and the first half of November with maxim captures in october. We suggest changed the permanency status for the Cuban archipelago. The 52,8 % of the total of processed individuals (N = 315) was juvenile and 89,8% presented the completely ossified skull. The weight average of the species in the area was of 29,16 ± 4,42 g. The biggest captures rates were registered in semidecidius forest and were zero in sand coast vegetation. The mode skull was 5, for fat 1 and muscle 2.

En el proceso de biodeterioro, las termitas constituyen uno de los agentes de biodegradación más importantes. En este artículo se plantearon elementos sobre la detección, signos de infestación y daños que causan tres taxones de termitas registrados en el inventario a edificios patrimoniales del Centro Histórico de la Habana. Se visitaron 21 edificios de valor patrimonial y se recolectaron 45 muestras de termitas. Se abordaron las principales evidencias de infestación de los tres taxones y se elaboró una clave para la identificación de estos, a partir de sus signos de infestación. Las termitas se encontraron afectando diversos materiales como papel, piezas estructurales, madera de muebles y obras de arte. En la clave elaborada, la separación de los taxones pertenecientes a la familia Rhinotermitidae, estuvo en función de las características de los canales externos formados sobre los diferentes sustratos.

Se presenta el catálogo de las 21 especies tipo de cnidarios cubanos pertenecientes a las clases Anthozoa, Hydrozoa e Hydroidomedusae que se encuentran depositados hasta el momento en las colecciones zoológicas del Acuario Nacional de Cuba y en diferentes instituciones en el extranjero. Además, se muestra toda la información asociada obtenidas de las publicaciones y las bases de datos de dichas instituciones. Los resultados se ordenan en forma de catálogo, con la sistemática más actualizada de las especies, la institución donde se encuentra depositado cada ejemplar, su número catalográfico, la localidad tipo, la referencia bibliográfica y la sinonimia en el caso que la tenga. Para algunas especies se incluye además la fecha de colecta, la expedición donde se recolectaron los ejemplares y la profundidad. Este trabajo permitirá el acceso a la información de manera rápida y eficiente.

The Australian red claw lobster Cherax quadricarinatus was introduced in Cuba in 1990 and confined to farming centers. In 2021, wild populations were found outside their confinement areas: the Nipe river, in the locality Farallón de Sao Corona, in the Cueto municipality, and the Camazán dam, in Báguanos municipality. The goal of this communication is bring to light the first records of this invasive exotic species in natural ecosystems of Cuba, The first site was the Nipe river and the second was the Camazán dam, evidencing its wide distribution. Besides, there are high probabilities of presenting a more extensive distribution in the Eastern region of Cuba