Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Multimedia applications with augmented reality objects are nowadays one of the most interesting alternatives to provide components of the digital world with more content and increase the interest of users who see this technology as an option to visualize objects or places that are not physically present at that moment. They are virtually taken through this software which allows them to interact in this environment. The creation of these applications require specialized tools which exist in the market in great variety, but the limited studies make it difficult to the suitable selection of design tools which is challenging for the producer. The main objective of this research was to identify which one of the studied tools is the best option for the development of these augmented reality applications to observe touristic places. The research was performed according to a quantitative paradigm, applying a descriptive technique to compare Wikitude, Vuforia and ARToolKit, in terms of their functionality, availability, usage, documental support and solidity. In order to compare such tools, a special experiment was accomplished through a set of characteristics and sub characteristics. At the end of the test, it was determined that the Wikitude tool reached a grade of 14.40 as opposed to 12.45 and 11.15 obtained from Vuforia and ARToolKit. Therefore, this test concludes Wikitude as the best alternative for the development of augmented reality since it offers the most exceptional benefits.

Recovering the public space as a common meeting place, security, peaceful and solidary coexistence, constitutes a basic objective for the city of Ibarra, Ecuador. This article explains the process of evaluation of the attributes, indicators and variables that determine the visual quality of the historic center of the city and support the decision making on architectural and landscape design actions. The study sector concentrates a large part of the tangible and intangible heritage, however, its public space does not contribute to the valuation of the elements, which affects the pleasure, tranquility, safety, welfare, pleasure of residents and visitors. A holistic approach oriented to the praxis of planning, design and urban management is required, with a temporal vision that includes the present, past and future city. The evaluation method, verifies the necessary multidimensional construction of the urban landscape of the city of Ibarra, oriented on the conservation and restoration of its urban, architectural and landscape patrimony.

The survival of the Tagaeri – Taromenane Indigenous Peoples in Isolation (IPI), in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, is influenced by external agents and cultural characteristics. The area for the displacement of the IPI, defined as an Intangible Zone, presents certain geographic weakness, which alternates the survival of these communities. The objective of this research was to determine the survival of the Tagaeri and Taromenane indigenous populations, in relation to a contact border. The free software NetLogo version 5.0.3 has been used to simulate the evolution of this two communities during two hundred years. The initial populations of these indigenous peoples in isolation were estimated in 100, 500, and 1000 individuals per scenario. The behavior is conditioned by variables such as: Taromenane individuals, Tagaeri individuals, birth rate, availability of food in the Amazon Region, vegetation growth, energetic value of feeding, and vegetation energy. The warrior characteristics for the IPI ́s territory protection have allowed to conclude that the intensification of external pressures, as well as clashes between isolated groups will cause their own extinction in a temporary period of 100 years.

This is a descriptive, correlational and quantitative approach, created with the objective of determining the relationship between the style of leadership and academic performance. The sample size was 29 students, determined by the non-probabilistic sampling of the value judgment. The main results of the case study indicate a low relation between the study variables, since they reach a correlation coefficient of 0.10, from Lewin's point of view. These data suggest that leadership and academic performance are elements within the complex student context; that is, there are more elements to consider in order to determine a possible more significant interrelation among the study variables. The results are the following: students identify themselves as democratic leaders and the academic performance is competent (between 7 and 8.99).

The international accounting regulation and its requirement of applying an inquisitive mentality in the audit awakens the need to examine the professional skepticism required by the international regulatory framework of the accounting profession, for the development of the audit activity. Thus, this research was designed to observe the application requirements of professional skepticism established in the international regulatory framework, from a critical and analytical perspective of the accounting doctrine emanated from the accounting regulators. The methodological route was approached from an interpretative paradigm, and within it, the hermeneutics was adopted considering that the understanding of professional skepticism as an object of study was made from the referential frames that act on the interpreter. As a final consideration, professional skepticism is fundamental to reflect that this should focus on developing a questioning mentality of the information presented during the activity of the accountant, which should be based on a critical and inquisitive perspective that should be strengthened in professional activity of the auditor, and encouraged from the professional training in the universities, which evidences the need to direct the training approach towards the generation of an independent and impartial mentality in the professional accountant.

The objective of this study was to identify the Ecuadorian students’ interest in taking new academic offers in Open and Distance Modalities at “Técnica Particular de Loja” University (UTPL). This was a quantitative study, not experimental-descriptive, ex post-facto. An online questionnaire was administered, which was completed by 650 students of different high schools around the country. The results show that, currently, Ecuadorian high school graduates have a greater preference for studying traditional majors, in traditional classrooms, to new majors in distance education. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that, in Ecuador, there is still a need to promote among high school graduates new academic offers which can meet the current global demand, as well as, new and modern learning methodologies through Open and Distance Education that, in an alternative way, allows them to have access to quality education.

This article is aimed at examining the changes development in the construction process of international migration governance (2002-2018), where the creative institutional innovations, as the main approach, are capable of connecting governments, international organizations, civil society, and business sector. It  is  affirmed  that  global  public  policy  networks  are  a  promising  response  to  the  growing  global organizational void of classical multilateralism. In these three-sectorial networks, States, international organizations, civil society actors, and private sector have the potential, through collaboration, to advance or diminish the protection of migrants (2012-2018), with no need to wait for binding-type international regulations.

This research constitutes a brief study of the legal flagrancy definition envisaged in the Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code. It includes a concept and rules analysis that delimit it in terms of its etymological and grammatical notion, its elements or requirements, the constitutional and penal legality that support it, as well as the principles on which the Ecuadorian legislation in this area rests. In this sense, an approach is attempted around the hermeneutical ideal.

During the last decade of the 20th century, Latin America was a favorable field for the actions of indigenous movements as an alternative to political parties and governments, demanding an inclusive and participatory democracy. The regional context of this decade should not be ignored since the results of the neoliberalism-based economic schema implementation reduced the role of the State under the "minimal State" logic; in consequence, it caused an organic crisis which resulted in the emergence of multiple social actors whose demands were related to the implemented policies adjustment; time in which, the party system was not able to meet civil society’s needs. In Ecuador, the indigenous movement got a prominent role due to its demanding nature actions, having relevance in the political agenda of the State. On its side, the national and international political agenda developed by peasant organizations in Colombia responds to the types of co-opting that these social sectors have had in attempting to redefine the state structures that govern the country. Considering the uniqueness of the two countries and the social movement-State relationship, the study aims to analyze the social agenda positioning within the Ecuadorian and Colombian foreign policy, through the comparative and analytical, descriptive method. An ad hoc record was developed, which allowed studying the emissions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia. The analysis period was the first semester of 2018 (from January 1 to June 30), totaling 873 news and official communications; from which, 397 corresponds to Ecuador and 476 to Colombia. As a result, a low frequency of social issues in the foreign policy of both countries was obtained, highlighting for Ecuador the incorporation of social organizations in the elaboration of the 2017-2021 Foreign Policy Agenda.

The presence of enterobacterial diseases in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), caused by Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella typhimorium, as well as the excessive use of antibiotics and other medicines that leave residual actions in animal meat, constitute the basic elements of the problem which originated this research that was developed in three phases: a) determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of apitoxin for enterobacteria of guinea pigs in the fattening phase, b) action of apitoxin in the treatment of clinically diseased guinea pigs by enterobacteria, and c ) solutions of apitoxin as a preventive for the enterobacteria attack in guinea pigs. Therefore, the objective of this third phase, the reason for this article, was to determine the effects of simultaneous dilutions of 0.7 and 0.8 mg / l-10 of apitoxin in enterobacteria cultures, to attenuate their virulence or pathogenic intelligence, highlighting that these concentrations are the result of phases a and b of the research, related to the use of apitoxin in solutions against pathogenic enterobacteria for guinea pigs. After the trial development in 35 in 3-month old guinea pigs, the results confirmed the in vitro values of the MICs of 0.7 and 0.8 mg / l-10 with 10 simultaneous dilutions for immunological protections for the three enterobacteria, the responses evaluated by thymus lymphoid organometry, spleen and mesenteric lymph in size (mm) and weight (g), as well as for guinea pig mortality. Concluding that the bee venom (Apis mellifera) has the possibility of attenuating the virulence of the enterobacteria under study.