Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This research's main objective was to establish the relationship between local identity and citizenship in a group of 195 young people from Villa El Salvador between 14 and 29, through a correlational study, in order to describe and analyze the relationship between the two variables of study. For the evaluation of these study variables were developed, the Local Identity and scale ESIL Exercise of Citizenship EECI scale, which have a high level of validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86 respectively for each. Also an average local identity with an average of 60.71, in the sample of young people from Villa El Salvador, on the level of citizenship was an average level according to the average of 72.74 was found. Moreover the main objective of the study was to establish the relationship between local identity and citizenship, finding a correlation of Pearson (r = 0.624, p <0.01), this indicates that there is a positive highly significant relationship between the variables study. This means that the higher the level of identity is more local level citizenship.

The present article proposes the systematic exploration and revision of the ontological nature of socio-educational research, which starts from conceiving education as a social phenomenon, thus delineating the epistemological scope of the educational phenomenon, in which the symbiosis between the nature of reality and the characteristics that surround them. To this end, a theoretical analysis of the components and essential elements that make up the research was carried out, emphasizing the philosophical, scientific and technical aspects that delineate the relationships between these elements, which outline in the end a research design of socioeducational phenomena.  Within the final reflections highlights the fact of the existence of gaps when undertaking a socio-educational research, because the production and reproduction of the social research process is attempted in a linear manner, without taking into account the analytical, hermeneutical and reflexive relationships that surround the educational phenomena studied with a scientific perspective.

The main objective of the present study is to estimate an aggregate private consumption function for the Ecuador’s economy. For this, the relevance of Friedman's permanent income hypothesis (1957) is contrasted as an approximate description of the country's consumption. In order to verify empirically, quarterly information was used during the period 2000: q1-2018: q4, which was modeled on an estimate of two linear regressions based mainly on the streamlined Koyck model (Gujarati and Porter, 2010), using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Ordinary Least Squares in 2 Stages (OLS2S). The results suggest that aggregate consumption in Ecuador is adjusted to the level of real income with a considerable lag. It allows to evidence in favor of the hypothesis of permanent income, in the sense that household consumption expenditure responds more to changes in permanent income than in transitory income or the current period.

This article aims to analyze the impact of the public income and expense budget in Ecuador, especially through the tax policy, on the competitiveness in terms of profit reinvested and possibilities of long range growth. The research is based on the theories of Manzano, Pineda y Ríos (2008), Fernández, Rodríguez y Parejo (2008) and Calva & Alarco (2007). The methodology used was descriptive and explanatory according to Hernández et al. (2014). The results of the study demonstrated how the considerable growth of the public sector in Ecuador has resulted in an expansive fiscal policy since 2007 and in a more taxation tax policy, which has increased the tax burden on large companies. That tax policy has limited of SMEs possibilities of economic growth, and impacted in turn the levels of competitiveness, since this type of companies depend on the levels of productivity and economic growth of large companies, as a minor link in the chain of value. This scenario makes such fiscal policy unsustainable in the long run. On that way it is necessary an urgently reform in the public sector size and designing a fiscal countercyclical policy including a fiscal and tax reform, which seeks to focus more on the side of spending than on income, reducing the fiscal gap and put the public debt in a sustainable level.

27.6% of unemployed belong to young people with higher education. Entrepreneurship is a job opportunity for those who dream of having a company, but it is not easy, considering that IES do not have the strategies to become an efficient ally. The objectives were: to know the entrepreneurial attitude of the students and discover those support factors from the academy so that a student project becomes a company. The descriptive exploratory method, case study in the Faculty of Hospitality and Services, of the UTE University, was used as techniques: surveys of 316 students; the questionnaire was based on the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) Scale. As a result, 63% of the students indicated that they are willing to develop new opportunities, 43% indicated that the greatest pitfall to entrepreneurship is economic capacity, the most important support they expect from the university is 38% preincubation capital. The results obtained mean that the faculty must implement strategies for the development of an entrepreneurial culture as the basis for the generation of innovative projects. Students, university, business and government must interact within the framework of a business and network ecosystem with national and regional reach. Key words: business; company; social and economic development and organizations

The objective of the investigation was to propose the implementation of financial strategies to increase the profitability of the company Indema Perú S.A.C. The main causes of stagnation in business economic development are constituted by the high cost of sales and the lack of control over expenses that directly affect profit, reflected in the respective indices. The investigation was of mixed approach, analytical and inductive method, in the data collection the interview guide was applied to three informant units that were the general manager, the accountant and the head of finance, the documentary analysis sheet was also applied, the data was triangulated with the Atlas software. You. The results showed that the profitability on the assets decreased year after year, for the year 2016 the company had a yield of 0.86% on the investment, in 2017, it generated losses; however, for the year 2018, it obtained a 0.08% return on investment. The factors that directly influence profitability is the high cost of sales, which in 2018 represented 85% of the sales level and is expected to reduce to 70% in the next 5 years; operating expenses represent 12%, which makes profit scarce. Therefore, the following strategies are proposed: a) Increase sales, b) Reduce sales costs, c) Increase liquidity.

This article proposes an environmental management plan for the restoration and conservation of the fluvial banks of the Mónica micro-basin in Loja-Ecuador, through phytoremediation. This micro-basin is being strongly affected by anthropic action, uncontrolled grazing, the extraction of aggregates, the expansion of housing near the channels, expansion of the agricultural and livestock border, discharges of effluents from different activities: domestic, garbage, agricultural and livestock This work includes a set of field and laboratory activities, such as: current environmental diagnosis of the microbasin to determine causes of contamination of the water resource; taking of water samples under technical criteria to avoid alterations of them. Once the main contaminants were identified and based on laboratory results, a proposal for an environmental management plan was drawn up, aimed at the management, restoration and conservation of the riverbanks, water treatment and environmental education as a support base. The plants that will be used for phytoremediation were selected from the site since they are present in the site gives us an indication that they serve as phytoremediators: Alnus acuminata Kunth (Alder), Salix humboldtiana Willd (Willow). Solanum torvum, Hedyosmum scabrum (Ruiz & Pavón) are species that develop in humid conditions. The results of this research will be very useful for future projects that allow the active or assisted recovery of these ecosystems and guarantee the development of recovery processes and the sustainable management of the micro-watersheds.

The following article is theoretical in nature and aims to present an analysis of relevance in companies with performance management by competencies, from the point of view of productivity, as well as development tool in the urban area of ​​the Jipijapa canton in order to improve internal and external factors that affect these companies. The progress of the economic movement is manifested by the production and maintenance of the efficiency of knowledge for the stability, development and success of an organization, this environment has solidified a competitive atmosphere, in which companies must offer the incessant innovation of its competitive advantages through permanent renovations and the development of new knowledge and skills. The methodology that was used is of mixed origin and three of its techniques were used, which are observation, literature review and field. Improvement of performance management by competencies to provide the company with suitable personnel, innovation through technology, the competence of the professional profile of its employees, determination of the jobs they occupy or aspire, according to the needs of the company. Company are the expected results of the constantly changing as a result of globalization to contribute to the efficiency of the company.

Communications 2.0 within companies in the industrial sector have evolved over the last decade in Ecuador. The current research analyzes digital communication 2.0 in the 180 main companies that belong to the industrial sector, based on the ranking of the magazine “Año" from The study analyzes websites and social media, such as Facebook and Instagram, as spaces of direct contact in full view of people, from January to June 2018. Websites and Social Networks’ variables were identified for the thesis project. The results show how companies manage digital communication to their audiences and the approval archieved for digital management. Likewise, it is evidenced the use of technology and innovation in communication by the selected companies.

Labor informality is a widespread problem in Ecuador and Latin America in general. Governments design policies to encourage labor formalization, combat tax evasion and increase budget revenues. The Ecuadorian Simplified Tax Regime was designed as a simple and flexible system that facilitates compliance with the fiscal obligations of small entrepreneurs and encourages the incorporation of informal workers into the system. The investigation evaluates the success of this tax regime from the point of view of its contribution to the income of the General State Budget and the evolution of the participation of the income reported by this new regime in the Traditional Income of the budget. The budgeted and actual collections with the new regime were compared as well as its evolution and its participation within the Traditional Income of the budget. Finally, it was verified that the collection of the new system has evolved positively increasing its participation in the Traditional Income of the budget at a faster rate than the total growth of this last indicator.