Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article aims to provide an approximation of the possible criminogenic effects of imprisonment. The study was conducted by means of a descriptive analysis of quantitative data, which made it possible to approach the relationship that might exist between the types of penalties and criminal recidivism in Costa Rica. Several studies have sought to identify where the difference is in the exercise of the punitive power of the State in the lives of those who served a criminal sentence. In this sense, labeling theorists consider that the prison sentence generates a stigmatization process that, besides the conditions for which the prison population is selected, can multiply the possibilities of recidivism, unlike non-custodial sentence programs. This study addresses the recidivism rates of people who served a criminal sentence between January and March 2016 in Costa Rica for a two-year follow-up period. Inferences are formulated on the possibilities of social insertion of people who have completed the execution of a criminal sanction. The discussion is based on the expression "Vis a Vis" (face to face).

The patriarchal system has convinced most that women’s respectable place and function are exclusively within the private space of the home. When women ‘transgress’ and venture out into the public sphere by choice or by force, the reception is far from welcoming both by individuals and institutions. The analysis seeks to enquire, based on women of African descent history, how this ideology affects their participation in the public sphere. The main objective is to unearth and make visible some of the informal financial activities women were involved in during the 20th century in Port of Limon, Central America, Costa Rica. The information was gathered through interviews, some early 20th-century newspaper research, and other documentation. The analysis is conducted from a historical and gender perspective.

The present article first analyses the definition of money as an object of private appropriation, then, the concept of the human right to private property as a protector of the domain of goods and, finally, the tax directly levied on the generation of profit by independent professionals. For the preparation of the article, the main results and data obtained from the author's bachelor's thesis in Law are extracted and expanded. Likewise, during the research process a questionnaire was used, which was applied to the sample of active or inactive lawyers registered in the country. The sample was based on information given by the Bar Association for 2018 about the lawyers associated. A documentary review was also conducted to analyse the tax and legal doctrine, textbooks, laws, and other national and supranational norms, such as the Declaration of Human Rights, related to the work carried out and from which the most important concepts were extracted. The results of the work are reliable and well-argued, in particular, thanks to the statistical validation of the applied instrument. Among the main conclusions, details are given on money as a legal good, object of private property, private profit as a form of appropriation of money, legal protection of money, principles of reasonableness, proportionality and non‑confiscation, the fact generating income tax to individuals with lucrative activity, and, finally, private profit as a human right.

The article was written based on an investigation that analyzes various trials conducted by the Federal Supreme Court on indigenous land issues in Brazil, such as the case of the Raposa Serra do Sol reserve. The methodology implemented was the examination of the votes and decisions of the judges of the Federal Supreme Court in the trials related to these issues. This investigation verified the behavior of an indifferent Federal Supreme Court in relation to the Brazilian indigenous people, in the face of the cruelty with which they were evicted and expelled from their ancestral lands, through practices carried out by invaders and by the State itself. It can be said that the behavior of the members of the Federal Supreme Court is a reflection of a society so accustomed to centuries of exploitation. This society has become incapable of expressing repulsion when it comes to the suffering of others; thereby, acts of injustice against fellow human beings are passively accepted.

This article had as objective to study, analyze and present the concept of utopia in the thought of Horacio Cerutti Guldberg. This concept resulted from the elaboration and development of a Bachelor’s degree thesis in Philosophy. Among the main results, we found that Latin American thought is an under construction fabric, its scope and limitations are defined, expanded, and complex despite the time, fruit of the committed memory of the region. However, the roots of this thought are still the inspiration and starting points for current analyses of regional contexts. Therefore, in order to think "our right to utopias", the reflection advanced implies the assumption of critical and renovating awareness of the problems that have arisen up to the 21st century. To dare to think, as Latin Americans, from our reality and looking for our own non-universalist answers, implies the commitment of thinkers in all areas of knowledge in order to overcome mentalities alienated to the colonialist hegemonic systems. That is why rethinking and appropriating this right is a fundamental part of assuming and overcoming the challenges we face today.  

A first-year project is a mechanism that directs the student’s incipient development towards the exploration of diverse fundamental themes of architecture. It is a strategy that triggers several types of knowledge and at the same time, supports itself on them. In its planning, heterogeneous fields are intertwined, links are established, and tactics and procedures are suggested in order to introduce the student to the architectural project. The article analyses the internal mechanics of three types of first-year projects aiming to understand the strategies involved in its operation. It presents each type as an operational strategy that utilizes concepts, processes, and tools it considers essential to develop its working hypotheses.

There exists an imaginary world that both precedes and forms the basis for the creative activity of Louis I. Kahn. In his desire to infuse the imaginable with emotional reality, he left a record of this world by means of a drawing entitled The Room. Kahn considered this imaginary room as a place in which to develop approaches to the reconciliation of thought and reality, idea and substance. In it, from the darkest reaches of his conscious, he fostered the emergence of this world of ideas, in an effort to bring them closer to the light of a constructive, material reality that would transform them into something tangible and real. Over the course of this article, our intention is to reveal something of Kahn’s complex imaginary world in an effort, not only to discover more about his architectural thought but, above all, to reveal aspects of his creative process.

The aim of this paper is to theoretically assess and justify the presence of an expressive counterpoint in the architectural composition, understood as a formal language, but also as a spatial and phenomenological experience. Taking as an excuse the visual exploration of the presence of hanged up clothes in the urban and domestic space and the conceptual scope of the cage —real and metaphorical— in the field of art and architecture, it is intended to unmask the stiffness of the grid and the weave and, on the contrary, to assess the expressive freedom that it acquires when it is nuanced with the dissonant element of the different.