Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article aims to motivate Ecuadorian university students in areas related to systems, computer or electronic engineering to join the field of game development using free hardware and software, and aims to analyze the complexity of design and development with free hardware and software in contrast to digital design using TTL / CMOS logic, being able to observe the great advantage in saving time, money and ease in the development and implementation of games based on free hardware and software. For this, the Arduino Uno development board, LED array shields and the Arduino IDE were used.

Vilcanota River basin  was evaluated with the objective to analyze the production system of potato and faba bean and determinate potential areas for these crops using satellite images and geographical information systems. Both crops have a singular dynamics in the southern Andes of Peru and a large area. This is for the influence in the  rural economy and  feeding the urban population.  In order to know the management of crops by farmers three field visits were conducted to survey, understand and identify the sequences and associations when the potato and faba bean crops are involved, and georeference their fields to identify and locate spatially in order to determine the conditions and characteristics of the areas of cultivation. With the information from Principal component analysis was conducted with the field data.  To find the factors that  determine the variability of the study area.  With the Cluster analysis could be identified the different types of systems into the  basin.

The study was carried out at the Rio Verde Production and Practices Center, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena. Fieldwork included: observation pits, morphological description, and sampling of representative soil profiles, sampling of fertility in cultivated areas, and infiltration tests. The results of the analysis of the morphological, chemical and physical properties allowed to classify the soils as Typic Haplocambids. They are characterized by having a sandy-clay-loam texture and being well drained, but with little to moderate effective depth, low contents of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium. These last issues are limiting for some crops in addition to the typical water deficit of the area.

The potato is a food traditionally grown in the Andean region of Peru, where thousands of producers depend economically. The objective of the research was to evaluate the sustainability of the potato producing units in the areas of Acolla and San Lorenzo, Province of Jauja. The methodology was based on the application of surveys with structured questions in the three dimensions of economic, social and environmental sustainability, 11 indicators and 42 sub-indicators were identified, which were standardized on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being the least sustainable and 5 the most sustainable and were analyzed by applying the statistical techniques of multivariate analysis in order to see the levels of association of potato producers. In the results in San Lorenzo the social dimension was sustainable with a value of 3.43, however, in Acolla it was not sustainable for any of the indicators. In conclusion, the general sustainability index (ISG) in Acolla presented a value of 2.79 and San Lorenzo 2.85, therefore they were not sustainable. It is recommended to disseminate this methodology and use it in works to evaluate the sustainability of the potato producing units in other places or regions of the country.

The investigative work that basically supported the writing of this scientific work had as objective the determination of the incidence of the administrative management in the institutional development in the Parochial Governments of Babahoyo, Ecuador. For the achievement of the outlined goal, methods derived from scientific research were used, in order to collect and analyze the necessary information, as well as mathematical and statistical methods for processing. The research that served as precedent, presented an exploratory - descriptive design, in its development the population was assumed as parochial governmental entities of the Babahoyo canton. The study was based on the methodological basis of using a SWOT Matrix, the study was conducted between 2013 and 2016. The relevant variables dealt with were administrative management and institutional development. In order to statistically process the results derived from the application of empirical level methods, the Variation Coefficient was used. As main findings of the research, whose results are shown in the present, the diagnosis of the existing situation in the Parochial Boards is presented, as well as a model that, according to the criteria of the acting experts, can solve the assumed scientific problem. arriving at conclusions that of being taken into account by the studied managers, could revolutionize the administrative management and its incidence in the institutional development in the Parochial Governments of Babahoyo, Ecuador.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the main crops of Ecuador; nevertheless, the production systems must be evaluated under the concepts of sustainability, which emphasize the integral management and association between the components that can intervene favorably, such as Guadua (Guadua angustifolia K.), non-timber species which can be used in the establishment of agroforestry systems with cocoa. The research was carried out on the production systems of organic cocoa, conventional cocoa and guadua in Montalvo, Province of Los Rios-Ecuador, for which multicriteria methodology was used (Sarandón et al., 2006); evaluation indicators were constructed for the Ecological, Economic and Social dimensions. The systems of organic cocoa and conventional cocoa were not sustainable in the evaluation of the ecological dimension, pointing out as a particular indicator the storage of Carbon, both for the variables of Biomass and Soil. The crops studied present production systems of monoculture type and none present agroforestry designs, so a design composed of cocoa as the main crop, Caoba (Swietenia macrophylla K.) as timber species, Guaba (Inga edulis M.) is proposed as fruit species, Centrosema (Centrosema macrocarpum B.) as a species of cover and soil protection and Guadua as a species of living barrier particularly in organic cocoa; thus, the generation and corroboration of allometric formulas for the species specific to the area under study is also considered.

The distribution companies of electrical energy in Ecuador, currently protect the lines and networks, for short circuit events, this being an indiscriminate increase of the electric current, with sectioning activated by fusible strips. This implementation consists of designing the control of a mechanical switch, to be used in medium voltage (15 KV), to protect the lines and electrical networks from short circuits or sudden voltage drop. To control the switch, a program was designed on the LabVIEW platform. The switch functions as a breaker, that is, it cuts (opens) the circuit, when the operating current is higher than the preset current, it will additionally cut the circuit if the supply voltage drops below a set voltage value. Any event that is generated in the medium voltage feeder, will be registered in a database and informed to the operator through email. With the present project it is possible to reestablish the electric power service immediately, once the normal conditions of the feeder have been verified. In addition, the quality indexes are improved and personnel safety is guaranteed, due to the fact that the switch is not manually operated, therefore, the risks that can be caused to the workers when suffering electric shocks are practically null. Finally, a better service of electric power will be given to the users.

Workplace harassment is a social phenomenon that manifests the oppression that one person produces to another to denote the power that is held over this and that is reflected in offenses, criticism and insults, these practices are also known as mobbing, this is considered a crime, from the labor point of view, but also of criminal law, despite this there is judicial lack of authority in the country, leaving this type of case unimportant. There are various characteristics that lead to identify this type of behavior within the work environment, however, the world legislation, citing as an example the Spanish law, still does not articulate in a concrete way the behaviors that generate mobbing, clearly preventing the intervention of the system judicial to these practices, clearly preventing the intervention of the judicial system to these practices. Mobbing in Ecuador is a common problem in public and private companies, which constitute a legal vacuum in the Ecuadorian positive law, for this reason in order to have a first approach to the subject, interviewed Multicompetent Judges of the city of Babahoyo, who agreed that the issue is not addressed in local legislation and that greater efforts are needed to typify the characteristics and sanctions that this type of aggression must have.

The teaching-learning process among its main objectives is to develop skills that allow students to interpret those phenomena with which they interact daily and thus meet demands and needs useful for life. His achievement requires the search for novel alternatives. Despite the efforts made by the authorities of the Ecuadorian education sector, even in public and private institutions, traditional methodologies are still used, where the teacher plays the leading role, relegating students to the background; that is, they assume the role of passive receptors. The research from which the data taken into account for the writing of this scientific work was derived, was developed in ten educational units of the province of Los Ríos - Ecuador - for its development methods of the empirical and theoretical levels of the research were applied scientific In addition to collecting the required information, the survey technique was used, which was applied to a total of 100 teachers and 9 experts. Among the main results shown in this article is a synthesis of the situation in the province under study, as well as a methodology aimed at supporting, from a methodological point of view, project-based learning. Arriving at the conclusion that the conditions that such learning fosters, in addition to abbreviating the process, create motivational premises for teachers and students that raise the levels of knowledge and academic performance of students and their consequent academic quality.

This work was carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between the incidence and severity of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in central jungle of Peru. The study was carried out at the Fundo “La Genova” of the Regional Institute of Jungle Development in San Ramón (Chanchamayo), Junín Region, central jungle of Peru. For this, in an experimental coffee field of approximately one hectare, 184 random plants were taken in which both the incidence and severity of the disease were measured. A direct relationship was found between the incidence and severity of “coffee rust” in Peru, confirming the advisability of evaluating only the incidence, as it is a practical, cheap, simple and easy-to-learn method for technicians and farmers.