Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The study was carried out with the objective of determining the productive and economic efficiency of the dairy systems located in the microbasins - Puno; the milk production units are chosen under stratified sampling. The results of productive efficiency show that the milk production / cow-herd and cow milked are highly heterogeneous (2,531 to 4,955 kg), it is inversely related to the size and location of the micro-watersheds. On average cows from small herds and those near the circumlacustrine ring produce more. The production of milk / ha of cultivated pastures and forage oats vary with the size of the herd and the location of the microbasin. In both cases, the production of the small herds and the circumlacustrine ring stands out. In both cases, the production of the small herds and the circumlacustrine ring stands out. In terms of economic efficiency, in production and unit costs, highlights the diet (49 and 58%), labor (26 and 35%) and milking costs (8%); those that were based on the size of the herd and location of the micro-basin. On the other hand, it highlights the magnitude of the direct costs, in them the food (50-56%), manpower (23-35%). The main income is derived from the sale of milk and livestock, they vary by herd size and micro. In relation to profitability, by size of herd and micro-basin, they vary, being negative in those of smaller herd size. In conclusion, the regional dairy production systems show the adoption of important processes and techniques tending towards semi intensive or intensive breeding, although without consideration of business management tools.

The purpose of this research work is to analyze and explain the impact of the mining canon on the economic growth and poverty incidence of the main mining regions of Peru during the years 2004 to 2015. For this purpose, static panel data, statistical information has been used. which has been compiled from different institutions in the country. The explanatory research was applied to determine the cause and effect relationship between the mining canon, economic growth and incidence of poverty, in a sample of seven mining regions of Peru, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Tacna, Puno, Arequipa and Moquegua applying the econometric model panel data of random effects, once corrected the problems of autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity with the Generalized Least Squares method, it is obtained that the mining canon has a statistically significant positive impact on regional economic growth (GVA), Increase the Mining Canon per capita in the seven mining regions of Peru by 1% The Gross Value Added per capita of these regions increases on average 0.41%. On the other hand, the mining canon contributes to the reduction of poverty and, by increasing the mining canon by 1%, the incidence of poverty is reduced by 8.03%.

The general objective is to analyze the factors that contribute to social conflicts that limit the implementation of the planned mining investments and evaluate their impact on national and regional development. The theoretical approaches that support research at the macro level are the problems of institutionalization of subsoil ownership that unequally affects the rights of those involved in the sharing of their benefits; the poor distribution of tax revenues generated by mining. At the regional and local level, the persistence of relative poverty due to the culture of the limited good and the effect of mining exploitation on water availability and the impact of land and agricultural production. The data source is of secondary origin and uses indicators such as: GDP, Mining production, mining export, investment in mining, tax contribution, among others, published by INEI, MINEM, MEF and BCRP, Ombudsman, SUNAT and others. The general conclusion is that the aforementioned factors concur to question the current modality of exploiting the mining resources that are exhaustible and that from the point of view of the peasant communities and the surrounding population, this exploitation of the resources that they consider should benefit them as a priority cancels their chances of getting out of backwardness and poverty.

Mining has played an important role in the development of the country in the last two decades, which is why we could call it the “mining boom”. This is confirmed with positive correlations of historical GDP data at national level and mining GDP. There is a high correlation between the regional economy and the regional mining activity (measured in terms of GDP according to regions). However, mining activity does not directly affect regional agricultural activity, agriculture continues its normal course of development. All regional GDP from 2007 to 2017 show positive growth rates. Likewise, all regions have a positive growth rate in the agricultural sector. The average annual growth rate of the mining sector at the country level from 2007 to 2017 varies by region. Some regions grow positively and others have a lower annual growth rate. In general, each of the regions is unique, presenting different growth rates in its regional GDP, agricultural GDP and mining GDP. The secondary information comes from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, National Institute of Statistics and Information and the Ministry of Mining, among others.

The objective of the study was to determine the social, economic and environmental factors that influence the food insecurity of households located in the Andes of Peru. Using the database of the National Household Survey of 2018 produced by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics of Peru and estimating a logistic regression model, the results show that food insecurity is directly related to household size. It was also found that there is greater food insecurity in homes where there are children under the age of 19, homes where the head of the household is male, homes with overcrowding, and in those homes that are located in the northern highlands or central highlands of Peru and, likewise, food insecurity is inversely related to household income, the number of household income recipients, and non-food expenses. Finally, there is less food insecurity in homes where the head of household has an occupation, homes that access school social food programs, homes that access public water and electricity services, and homes that reside in the rural highlands.

Between 2000 and 2017, non-traditional exports in Peru have shown an accelerated growth mainly explained by the agricultural sector, followed by the fishing, textile, chemical and steel-metallurgical sectors, presenting a surprising growth of 470.95% in this period. The objective of the study is to find the macroeconomic determinants of exports of non-traditional products to Peru through the search of the long-term relationship, using the Johansen methodology and the implementation of the Error Correction Vector Model to find the short dynamics and long term for exports of non-traditional products. The results show that the determinants of exports are US gross production, bilateral real exchange rate index and export index, which have a cointegration relationship. Finally, it was found that gross US production has a positive influence, the bilateral real exchange rate index has a negative influence and the export price index has a negative influence on exports of non-traditional products in Peru.

The objective is to identify the microeconomic factors that determine dynamic poverty, using 4-period panel data, the study mainly focuses on the dynamics of per capita expenditure in relation to the total poverty line, that is, how many households are in situation of temporary or permanent poverty as a result of changes in the income of households or individuals and therefore in expenses, the source of information is the database of the National Household Survey (2015-2018), the determinants of Monetary poverty is approached from a personal and housing asset approach. The estimation method is the logit model with fixed effects. Among the main results, it was possible to confirm that the condition of poverty is dynamic and it has been found that the main determinants of the condition of poverty are: the size of the household, the number of income earners within the household, the average years of education of the other members of the household, number of jobs of the head of household, the possession of the internet service and the title of property of the house. The results confirm that the condition of poverty depends on the possession of personal assets and housing.

One of the problems in the rural areas of the Puno region is the persistence of poverty, despite the fact that the region has agricultural, tourism, mining, cultural and ecological resources. This document analyzes the takeoff of tourism in the Puno region as an alternative that contributes to regional development. The objective is to systematize the takeoff of tourism activity in Puno and its contribution to regional development. The specific objectives are: to know the factors that contribute to the takeoff of tourism in Puno, measure the role of tourism in the economic growth of the region, and propose policies to continue its growth. The tourist resources available to the region, private and public investments, the offer of new ecological and cultural products were analyzed: such as the Candelaria festival and the new products of community rural tourism and public policies at national and regional level. Likewise, the number of arrivals, days of stay, most visited places and the profile of the foreign tourist are analyzed.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the intervention of agricultural extension services in the promotion of organic agriculture in the region of Puno using the quasi-experimental methodology of propensity score matching (PSM) for its estimation, the source of information is the database of the National Agricultural Census - 2012, in fact, agricultural extension services are considered as an indispensable instrument to promote a sustainable and responsible agricultural production system with the environment of the rural area. The results show a limited participation of the responsible bodies (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, The National Service of Agrifood Health and Quality, Puno Regional Agricultural Directorate, National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Non-Governmental Organizations, etc.) responsible for providing the services of agrarian extension At the level of the Puno region, only 0.47% of agricultural producers received business advice, 3.39% benefited from technical assistance and 8.93% participated in training related to crop management, among them being the most Representative training service, the impact of training in crop management in the provinces of Sandía, Lampa, Yunguyo, Puno and San Román was the increase in organic production by 12.3%, 7.3%, 7%, 6.1% and 5.1%, respectively, in this group of provinces the promotion of organic products such as quinoa, coffee, potatoes, etc. is clearly evidenced. However, in the provinces of San Antonio de Putina, Carabaya, Melgar and Chucuito, the results are not encouraging, organic agricultural practices are reduced by 2.6%, 3.6%, 8.6% and 20.7%, respectively, agricultural training should support that sustainable agriculture that helps to promote an environmentally responsible production system development, in addition agricultural extension services should be oriented to strengthen organic production with agro-export potential.

The Peruvian Altiplano is frequently threatened by extreme climatic conditions, such as droughts, frosts, heavy rains, hailstorms, snowfall, etc.; situation that is aggravated by climate change. Paradoxically, the Region of Puno, which has great productive potential at the national level, presents high levels of poverty, extreme poverty, anemia and chronic malnutrition despite regional development efforts; the document analyzes and explains food insecurity in the Puno region in terms of food availability. The purpose was to estimate the caloric nutritional coverage per inhabitant and determine the percentage contribution of food groups to the availability of calories in different situations of climate change (normal, flood, drought), based on the food balance developed by FAO. The analysis revealed that the productive potential of the Puno region depends mainly on climate behavior, which makes it a high risk. The caloric nutritional coverage in the region, during a normal year, reaches only 60% of the theoretical caloric needs of one person per day, with a caloric deficit of 40%; a year with excessive rainfall generates a calorie dependence on food of 60%; while a year of drought generates 87%. The food groups that contribute most to the availability of calories are tubers, cereals and red meats. However, the proportions of the offer vary substantially according to the particular behavior of the rains. With a sensitivity analysis, it is also shown that food availability can be greatly improved, doubling the regional production of potatoes and quinoa, achieving a nutritional coverage of 95% of the nutritional requirements. These results should be considered to implement public policies focused on correcting the caloric imbalance and adaptation to climate change in the Puno region.