Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The research had two objectives, the first objective was to build indicators for the efficiency of expenditure and physical efficiency for the performance of the students of the second grade of primary the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), the second objective was to find the determinants of the efficiency of education spending. First, the results show that the most efficient departments in education spending in the 2009-2016 period, under the DEA approach with constant returns to scale both under the input orientation approach and under the product orientation, were Ica and Piura; while with variable returns to scale were Ica, Piura, Arequipa and Tacna. Secondly, regarding physical efficiency, the most efficient departments under the DEA analysis with constant returns to scale, both product-oriented and input-oriented, were Moquegua, Tacna, Madre de Dios, Ucayali and Puno; while low variable returns to scale were Moquegua, Tacna, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, Puno, Apurímac and Loreto. Third, the results suggest that the efficiency of public spending on education is positively related to the years of education of the population over 15 years of age, the quality status of the school premises, and the mining canon, with the mining canon being the that has greater predictive power.

This paper analyzes the evolution of public agricultural expenditure in Peru and the Puno region in the period 2005 to 2016 and deepens the structure of expenditure for 2016 by province to identify inequities at the territorial level. For this purpose, the producer expense variable is constructed to identify areas and regions that would be less served in the budget allocation. It is proposed to use this indicator to promote a better and more balanced budget allocation to the agricultural territories in the country, both nationally and in Puno.

An essay that exposes analysis and reflections generated from concepts proposed by Professor Luis Felipe Ulloa in his work about protagonism and the construction of the future as an idealized and developed vision product of the identification of key actors within the different areas that make up the dynamics of a community. These theoretical bases have been applied from the observation of the ethnographic field work in the indigenous community of Monimbo in the city of Masaya in which a new conceptualization of “tacit leadership” is proposed, anonymous connector leaders that move a whole gear from the roots of the system for its proper coordination with an established system that is transformed every day to produce an image that strengthens the way, and vivify the fact of being indigenous, today in times of the search for good living.

The culture of Peace, more than a concept is a philosophy, a way of seeing the world and the other, how do we realize that vision in everyday life?, the culture of peace can be understood from various possibilities and therefore would be applied to life itself in different ways. This essay seeks to reflect on this concept, vital for Nicaragua after the failed coup attempt and the need to finish off any hint of fascism, increasingly popular among some sectors as a reaction to the advancement of popular sectors in the homeland.. At first we want to address the context of the coup d’etat in Nicaragua, then reflect in parentheses, some elements on the relationship to the historical evolution of the concept of peace in different cultures and times; Finally, return to Nicaragua to raise some elements of this culture of peace that we are building. Finally it is important to make it clear that the writing is thought from the posture of the organic intellectual (Gramsci) and runs away from the possibility of analyzing neutrally, very fashionable among some academics.

It is not a complete story, it is just small sketches but with interesting strokes of what is our history that will surely arouse the interest of knowing a little more about this Segovian terroir as they are called by those who have approached it as they are approached by those we would like to arrive at the hands of all Segovians from inside and outside the Republic, because we do not doubt that they will be interested in knowing something about the past of this part of the land that saw them born, and that they will undoubtedly love, with a greater, if not equal, love from whom He has spent long vigils to make known to others what he longed to know in the years of his childhood; hoping that others better prepared will perfect the work. Nueva Segovia is a whole mountainous area, with various natural attractions, among which there are large hills This department is located in one of the northern ends of the country and enjoys a pleasant cool climate, saturated with a charming landscape and a fertile soil, this region is conducive to the farmer so much that, intoning a song of hope, fertilizes the groove of a grateful land. Its small towns and villages are characterized by their quiet atmosphere and the central adobe houses with tile roofs; In some of them there are craft workshops that produce interesting decorative pieces. Nueva Segovia is not only the redoubt of a parenthesis of the conquest in Nicaraoan lands, it is a land of customs and traditions.

The purpose of this paper is to make a brief analysis of the political behavior of the Nicaraguan University Student Movement and the influence that the Cuban Revolution exerted on it, since knowledge of history is of strategic importance for all students and mainly for those who hold positions of representation in their respective institutions. History, among other things, serves to know the efforts made by those who preceded us, to leave us a society where the dignity of the human being is respected; because only knowing objectively our history can we begin to value, love and identify with the necessary tools and the rich heritage of our ancestors. It will also analyze the development of the revolutionary process that Nicaragua lived, because the revolution was born from the student movement, or at least that is where the antagonism to the Somoza dictatorship and subsequent defense of the Sandinista Popular Revolution was activated.

This manuscript is the product of the Master’s degree in Anthropology and Social Leadership at UNAN-Managua, 3rd cohort. It shows the categories of analysis of the Leadership II and Peoples and Cultures courses. Evidence through the theoretical discussion elements observed within the community. To substantiate the theoretical arguments, the ethnographic method was essentially used. Open, guiding questions are shown within the text. The context of study is a peri-urban community of the Sierras of Santo Domingo de Managua. The discussion focuses on the framework of cultural anthropology and development anthropology, giving patterns of ethnic identity denied in collective discourse, and especially in the imaginary of the inhabitants of the community.

This essay entitled: Tourism dynamics of San Juan del Sur, Rivas in community leadership, refers to a series of direct and indirect practices influenced by different environments and my reflections on the concepts learned with Professor Luis Felipe Ulloa Forero in the Leadership Module II of the Master in Social Anthropology and Leadership, offered by the Department of Anthropology of the UNAN - Managua. The reflections are based on the information provided by the community actors that can be found in various fields, or in the Sectors with Interests at stake. (SIJUs) of the community of San Juan del Sur. All this under the influence of local, national, Latin American and global environments. Methodologically, observation and open interviews were conducted with the key settlers who validated these concepts. I think it is important to mention to the reader, that the essay is written in the first grammatical person since it was part of the suggestions on the part of Professor Ulloa, so that we would experience feeling responsible for what we perceive when researching and sharing when publishing.

This article reflects on the concepts of community protagonism and the dynamics of Eco Protector and of Sanación and Apache investigated in the community in the Comarca Nanadayuri that is part of the territory of the Indigenous People of Monimbó. As a field of study, the indigenous community has been chosen, because the purpose is to demonstrate that living well is a model of life and practice still existing in many of the indigenous cultures of Nicaragua, as well as in Latin America, although called in different way or simply practiced and not conceptualized. Listening to the voice of its population, an attempt is made to interpret the conception of desirable life in Nandayuri, registering knowledge and practices about its biological and cultural resources (biocultural heritage), values and knowledge, which are mostly transmitted and based on the oral tradition and therefore are at risk of getting lost and disappearing.

This text tries to tell readers that when there is already a sense that guides the life of a researcher, communicator or educator, the options he takes in his field respond to what he already brings, without needing to make it explicit. The life trajectories of a person visibilize that which gives and that does not give sense to the actions of a person. Hence, turning them into a focus of study for themselves, is of interest, and helps to seek coherence between their discourse and their action. Based on the experience of building a training model, the author proposes readers to convert their own professional journeys into the focus of study and share them, explores the model concept, reviews the author’s adventures in the construction of the training model in Spiral 3D + (Facts, moments and stretches) to extract learnings, and reflections in the way and relates the idea of Spiral with our roots.