Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La actividad antropogénica ha sido etiquetada durante mucho tiempo como la principal causa de desestabilización del suelo. Sin embargo, los factores naturales que incluyen la erosión del suelo y el exceso de lluvias también han sido algunas de las principales causas de deslizamientos de tierra. Panamá es un país con un clima tropical y tiene una variedad de suelos que son susceptibles a debilitarse por la lluvia. Algunos contienen una cantidad considerable de arcilla (Acrisols, Nitisols), mientras que otros no (Andosols). Ambos tipos de suelo son debilitados estructuralmente por grandes cantidades de lluvia. Los derrumbes producidos por la desestabilización de estos suelos han causado mucho daño en Panamá. Chiriquí es una provincia que ha visto un aumento en los deslizamientos de tierra. Este estudio, utilizando datos históricos meteorológicos y de desastres desde 1985 hasta 2010, se centró en determinar la relación entre la cantidad de precipitación promedio y la frecuencia de deslizamientos de tierra en Chiriquí. El estudio encontró que Bugaba experimentó el mayor número de deslizamientos de tierra durante el período de estudio y recibió lluvias considerables.

The present project consists of implementing a Data Mart, technology that is part of the Business Intelligence, applying agile BEAM * methodology (Business Event Analysis & Modeling) for the design of Data Mart, the data used as information sources will be obtained of the database of the academic virtual platform MOODLE of the Technological University of Panama (UTP), with the purpose of optimizing the process of extracting and transforming data into relevant and useful information that will serve as support in the making of strategic decisions the directors of the UTP.

The province of Bocas del Toro has two hydroelectric plants that generate electricity for the entire Panamanian population. However, in this province there are constant blackouts, so this research has been developed with the objective of identifying the problems in the electrical distribution network in the district of Changuinola, province of Bocas del Toro. This study has a quantitative approach, because it uses data collection based on numerical measurement and statistical analysis. The research design is non-experimental, prospective and transversal. A questionnaire of five questions was applied to a sample of 380 users, with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The data was analyzed obtaining the following results: 42% of the users of electric power affirmed that they suffer from electric blackouts five times per month, and that due to the blackouts the material losses are around 26%. 26% of users indicate that the cables are old and may be the cause of the electrical blackouts. 26% of users think that the blackouts are caused by natural events, such as falling trees, strong winds and rains, but they are data that cannot ensure.

In this work we present a student information system to improve the school management of General Basic Education Center GBEC El Empalme. A qualitative research approach was proposed, with a non-experimental design, transversal and descriptive type. The unit of analysis is the GBEC El Empalme and the observation unit is a Student Information System to improve the school management of El Empalme GBEC, Changuinola district, Bocas del Toro, Panama. In the development process, the interview was used as an instrument, which focused on collecting the relevant data that was used within the student management system for the CEBG El Empalme. The Student Management System was designed with a Cascade Methodology: Linear Framework, which emphasizes the environment in which the development of a system is proposed and structured. It was concluded that, the student management system complied with each of the specified requirements for the development of the application, the simplicity of the software allowed interacting with the user and was adapted to the needs of the GBEC El Empalme.

This article describes the application of a Latin square design to assess whether there is a significant difference in the rate of data transfer between different telephone companies in Panama. In the proposed design two block factors are controlled: cell type and time of day. It should be noted that to ensure the independence of the data treatments are randomized within blocks. The data transfer rate was measured through an application called " SpeedTest ". By analysis of variance it was found that the initial hypothesis was rejected at 5% significance so that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is difference in data transfer speed of telephone companies in Panama.

Certification for project management represents for the organization and for professionals, a tool that adds value to produce value. This article presents a general approach to project management and the field of interest is focused on the importance of a certified project management, as a guarantor of the success in impact during and after the project, allowing organizations to be at the forefront and generating satisfaction to the owner, the performer and the client. A review is made that is developed as follows: 3. Project management. A story in evolution, 4. Standards in project management. Certifications and 5. Certifications to project management in Panama. Special emphasis is placed on the positive aspects of efficient and effective project management, from the economic and social impact. In addition, statistics on the subject are presented in Panama.

In this research, design of experiment methodology was used to determine whether or not there are significant difference in the adhesive force of four types of adhesives. with a design of a randomized complete block, evaluating the results through analysis of variance, checking values obtained with the Fisher´s distribution and verifying whether or not to accept the null hypothesis. All this is done to obtain valuable information when buying adhesives and verify quality.

Coral reefs are communities of protection of the coastal zone and feeding of many species. It is important to evaluate the state of coral reefs, in order to protect and maintain the health of these important ecosystems. This work was carried out in Playa Cacique and Isla Mamey in Colón (Caribbean cost of Panama), in two locations with different human activities. Two field trips were made with four field days with a total of 12 hours. At each station, 10-meter-long random transects were established perpendicular to the coast. The results yielded good percentages of live coral for both study areas, there was a diversity of 14 coral species and Faviidae being the most diverse family, and a comparison made 41% of live coral was noticed in the Mamey station, but Cacique has more vegetation, and Cacique has 13 of the 14 coral species. The reefs were mostly represented by fire corals in transects three and four in Cacique and transects one and two in Mamey, represented by shallow water. In addition, transect four in Mamey and one in Cacique presented a greater diversity of coral species. Regarding the abundance and diversity of associated ichthyofauna, there was no significant difference between the two study areas, presenting a diversity of 21 species and 11 families, Halichoeres pictus being the most common species, and Labridae the most diverse family. We performed the Simpson Index for fish diversity in the two study areas, resulting in: Cacique Beach (0.745) and Mamey Island (0.812), and the variance was 1.01, with Mamey having the greatest diversity of fish species. As conclusions, the Fire Coral species are presented and colonize the shallow waters of Cacique Beach and Mamey Island, and this last area presented a high diversity of coral species.  However, Cacique corals are maintained in a better state, having a Mangrove ecosystem that mitigates sediment towards corals. The Halichoeres pictus species was present in most of the transects, due to its adaptation to waters with strong waves. An effort must be made to mitigate the anthropogenic activities of these two localities and to increase research on corals and associated fish in the area.

 Scrap is defined as the shrinkage or reduction of a product that occurs during a production process due levels of temperature levels, humidity, water, machinery, operators, raw material, and more. Based on the fact that most companies produce shrinkage, which causes them to lose money and reduce their productivity, the purpose of this study is to locate the fundamental cause by which a significant amount of waste is produced, during the production process of the wheat flour tortillas, making a completely random design. To locate the root cause, we apply the first three steps of a DMAIC methodology, which aims to constantly improve a process / situation. In the first place, the process of wheat flour tortillas and the possible causes of the level of shrinkage were defined. For this stage, the pounds of flour used and the ambient temperature were chosen as the factors of interest for our study. Then, the scale and the thermometer were used to collect the data of the factors previously described in the previous step. And finally, an analysis was carried out to determine if the factors that were chosen during the previous step have some relation on the levels of shrinkage of wheat flour tortillas. Once this study was concluded, it was possible to determine through the results that one of the factors of interest that we define does have a relationship with the decline in the production of flour tortillas. The relationship found was that as the pounds of flours used increased, the production decline increased, but we did not find any significant relationship between the temperature and the loss produced

The Arrivo®6EC is an insecticide used to control pests, such as ants and ticks. Its active ingredient is cypermethrin, in this case as a polluting agent that emulsifies in water. This agent presents an environmental risk of high toxicity in fish and aquatic organisms. The objective of this is to evaluate the toxicity on platy fish Xiphophorus maculatus when exposed to cypermethrin. Given that Arrivo®6EC is commonly used in Panama, the study was carried out to analyze the affectations caused in freshwater fish. The tests were duplicated for the cypermethrin levels, which were 1 mg / L and 2.5 mg / L. The fish have an average size and weight of 28.5 cm and 0.33 g respectively, and an age of approximately two to three weeks. In the observations made in the different hours, the symptoms in the fish varied from: little ability to swim, erratic movement, movement only with stimulation, dyspnea, upright and spiral swimming, and death. After dying, the most outstanding aspects were: degeneration of superficial tissues and tails, hyperemic lesions, hemorrhagic signs and pigmentation on the body surface. It was found that even at concentrations of 1 mg / L there is high mortality rate of this lethal contaminant for the species X. maculatus. It is recommended to start with content values ​​below 1 mg / L, to obtain better results, and considering the age, size and weight, since this depends on the enieria Civil, toxicological effects