Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

From the moment the caveman felt the need to communicate his experiences, his exploits and even how his surroundings were shaped, he devised a rustic system of drawings with which he tried to capture all those days that emerged from day to day and, from there, what is now known as rock art, which would be nothing more than an incipient written language that would give rise to the chronicles and communication as such. From those remote centuries to our days, there has been a lot of historicity that has been shaped through different modalities and the need to make use of adequate instruments to improve the message between a sender and a receiver. There was never a pause in that communication path. First were the attempts of alphabets to transcend orality, then advanced ideas with inventions such as Johannes Gutenberg (1400-1468) and its printing press to reach the computer system that allows us to use, today, a series of tools with cutting edge technology in information and communication.

Education today is a social right and that is why educational reforms have been aimed at achieving universal access to regular education and improving its quality and equity. However, inequalities still persist, so it is important to combine the quality of education with educational inclusion in the Chilean system. This research explored the degree of correlation between the inclusion index and the performance classification of the education quality measurement system, both in language and mathematics, limited to the fourth basic years of urban schools in San Clemente. The inclusion index extracted from instruments applied to teachers, parents and students, focused on cultures, policies and inclusive practices, while the results of the Education Quality Agency (SIMCE) test, have been granted by the Mystery of Education. Thus, for the contrast of both variables, the chi-square test was used, a non-parametric instrument that measures the discrepancy between an observed distribution and a theoretical one. The results revealed 75% as an acceptable parameter with respect to the inclusion index, all urban schools in the municipality of San Clemente are inclusive.

Higher education institutions occupy a central place in the educational process of individuals, since they begin and develop the professional training of man. The present article had as subjects of study the teachers of the integral education project of the Rafael María Baralt National Experimental University which has a universe of 88 teachers that serve a student population of two thousand seven (2007) students. The objective of the research was to promote assertiveness as a communication style in the administration of the classes in the classroom under the reflexive critical paradigm and a participatory action type investigation where it interacts with the subjects of the sample. As final conclusions, assertiveness is an effective tool as a communication model that promotes collaborative learning, giving integrality to the training of individuals in their learning process, allowing students to develop in a state of trust and security that translates into emotional maturity. with the support of the educator subject.

The purpose of this essay is to highlight the epistemological bases in teacher training in Venezuela, in order to encourage critical and reflective teacher training, under philosophical and pedagogical foundations, such as the Bolivarian Ideology of Simón Rodríguez (1769-1854); the pedagogue Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa (1902-1993); the educator Belén San Juan (1916-2004) and in this way achieve a true transformation in educational praxis. To this end, a documentary research was carried out, with the bibliographic review being the technique for collecting information. Finally, the visualization of teachers focused on research and reflective practice of action is outlined.

For the Universidad Miguel de Cervantes (UMC), it is a very relevant milestone that the Revista Scientific (e-ISSN: 2542-2987), of the Instituto Internacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Educativo (INDTEC), has invited us to participate in its number Special Education and Research, then, although the presence of the University in our country in the area of education is long-standing, which has allowed us to consolidate an offer of postgraduate training in the area, the development of research, by of the nuclei of researchers of the programs, it is an element that from this perspective is recent data.

Citizenship from the old to the contemporary age has presented a transformation of meaning within society, reflected in the development of man as a social being and his behavior for change. This essay offers a summary of a historical breakthrough in order to make a description of social advances with the gradual incorporation of the rights of the individual influenced by religion, in such a way that the expression of citizenship has achieved a certain social transformation with this influence religious, in which the citizen was the one who, in addition to fulfilling the obligations described above, had to comply with the laws of God. This is how the citizenship relates to coexistence and Christianity. Taking as reference the foregoing and the advance of history framed in the technological field, the transformation of citizenship and for the current modernist era arises democracy as a way to consider the citizen a being surrounded by political rights of participation, all this , in turn, framed within the different models of citizenship that are weaving their own characteristics depending on the social scope of development.

The purpose of this article is to determine the factors that negatively affect the performance of the students of the Military School for the achievement of their academic goals and objectives of the institute, despite the existence of a system of caution of academic progression aimed at avoiding the academic failures and voluntary defections of these. The paradigm from which the article was focused corresponds to a qualitative and quantitative study to complement the tools and techniques of information collection, the design is especially suitable for the study of educational contexts as the case of the Military School and is a descriptive study in which the theoretical contrast is carried out with an academic reality of the area under study. The conclusions obtained indicate what are the factors that affect the academic performance of the students of the Military School, the recommendations through proposals to address them and their respective implications.

The article refers to the role of the teacher in the process of educational innovation and its contribution when modifying teaching practices in the face of technological changes. Based on studies on the processes of technological changes and advances, the role of the teacher is theoretically discussed based on the opinion of several experts and contrasts traits of different authors and points of view. Emphasizes the disarticulation of educational innovation with the institution and organization that regulate the operation of schools, as well as the relevance of the structure of teaching practices. The methodology is to contrast the opinion of the cited authors to conclude that the teacher must be actively integrated and apply the processes of Educational Innovation in classrooms.

The essay aims to build a prospective vision on the transformation of learning from the social approach, drawn from the sociocultural theories of Vigotsky (1982) and symbolic interactionism, whose perspective is to promote a model that induces the subject -as an active entity- to transform their learning in a conscious and intentional way starting from the thought schemes constructed through the social interaction established in the course of their life, in this way, to promote the learning based on the protagonism of the subject and oriented to the acquisition of new pedagogical visions by teachers, promoting the transformation of the educational process.