Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the associative human development credit (CDHA), taking as an analysis variable the satisfaction of the beneficiaries with respect to this social policy.  To carry out this research, a structured survey was applied to a total of 209 women beneficiaries of the CDHA located in 52 neighborhoods that belong to the rural area of the city of Loja. Through a Probit model, it was possible to determine that at a higher level of education, the probability of presenting a greater degree of satisfaction increases. The same happens with divorced women, who have a better probability of having more satisfaction than those of unmarried civil status. The other demographic variables don’t explain the degree of satisfaction.

The present study aims to show how Benjamin’s concept of an Anthropological Materialism actually joints many sections of the  Arcades-Project together; in this work Benjamin wants to show how myth and modern rationality, but also myth and modern industrial  method of production are very closely interlaced. Refusing the bourgeois idea of progress Benjamin thinks that the „passage“ from  an historical period to the subsequent, but also the passage from a generation to the next actually occurs as a reversal gesture, thus  making the interior side, that’s to say the dreams and unconscious wishes of the past generation become the conscious contents of the awaken life of the next one.

El tema abordado por dos escritores latinoamericanos contemporáneos, la mexicana Cristina Rivera Garza y el guatemalteco Rodrigo Rey Rosa, es la violencia imperante en ambos países. Los géneros elegidos para expresarla son un texto misceláneo con poemas, crónicas y ensayos titulado Dolerse. Textos desde un país herido y una novela, o sea, una obra de ficción, aunque se presente como testimonio histórico y autobiográfico, El material humano. Para Rivera Garza “la escritura es un proceso de producción de lo real” y los críticos la presentan como una autora de “escrituras transgresoras”. Rey Rosa se autoexilia de Guatemala durante quince años por el ambiente de “violencia y crispación” que imperaba. El escritor reconoce que su literatura en principio era abstracta, pero a partir de 2011 asume escenarios nacionales en un cierto “afán realista”. El propósito inicial de El material fue una investigación sobre el descubrimiento fortuito de millones de documentos del Archivo de la Policía Nacional de Guatemala en 2005. La novela presenta reflexiones intertextuales, datos autobiográficos y un enigma por resolver. La violencia histórica, social y política se transforma en horror tanto en la guerra contra el narcotráfico decretada en México durante el gobierno de Felipe Calderón como en la guerra interna que devastó Guatemala entre 1960 y 1996, con la matanza de poblaciones indígenas y de civiles en zonas urbanas en los ochenta. Ambos textos muestran el poder de resistencia de la literatura.

Through a continuous confrontation of two testimonial texts of the writer and survivor of the Pinochet dictatorship, Nubia Becker, this article intends to analyse the symbols that, in spite of the context of violence and torture, testify to a dense context of resistance, resilience, dignity, and solidarity. The article intends to trace the pathof metamorphosis of the text which, like the evolution in the Chilean socio-political context (between 1973 and 2011), demonstrates the leading role of women against the Pinochet dictatorship. At the same time, through a metaphorical analysis (cfr. Durand), we intend to offer a non-exhaustive table between real issues and symbolic meanings, as in the case offered by the cracks that illuminate the paradigmatic obscurity of the detention and torture camps. Therefore, the symbol is interpreted through a collective methodology (cfr. Halbwachs) to elaborate "imaginary of the daily life of the political prison from the data, vestiges, anecdotes and dreams that the plural memory provides" (Montealegre Memorias 185).

En este trabajo se presentan las características de las narco narrativas audiovisuales; se señalan algunas de sus características así como la importancia de su estudio dentro de la cultura política contemporánea particularmente en México. Tras la aparente diversidad y heterogeneidad hay una serie de reiteraciones como lo son los personajes principales de estas narrativas y sus rasgos básicos, los cuales se describen y ejemplifican en algunos casos. En la segunda parte, a manera de ejemplo de cómo ha evolucionado las temáticas del narcotráfico en la industria audiovisual se coloca el caso del cine y se mencionan algunas diferencias con el caso de las narco telenovelas. En la tercera parte resumimos el debate teórico entre la relación Estado-Narcotráfico y los derechos humanos, para ello proponemos otra relación atravesada por el estudio del bio-necro poder, proponemos ahí como eje de discusión la caracterización del Estado neoliberal como débil y ausente, versus otras perspectivas que conceden al Estado la aplicación de su política disciplinaria. Finalmente revisamos las características de las narco narrativas a la luz de lo que consideramos una tensión cultural entre el componente premoderno, moderno y posmoderno que es posible encontrar, para concluir sobre las carencias y limitaciones de los narco relatos audiovisuales.

Literature is a fundamental piece to defend ourselves from everyday life and violence in which all people are immersed. Sometimes we forget that this reality does not treat children with kindness, but as their peers showing the harshness that exists in society and proving that at their young age, children live violations of their human rights. This makes us reflect on the role of children's literature in this society and how it is a fundamental tool for cultural change, which, in conjunction with international laws and treaties, enhance the efforts that exist already so that children are not victims of violence. Children's literature breaks with adult centrism, to become a space that values ​​human life, that understands the complexity of our constitution as a plural society and the diversities in which all people are immersed.

La novela Salón de belleza de Mario Bellatin, publicada en 1994, plantea una serie de metamorfosis tanto espaciales como identitarias íntimamente vinculadas: el tránsito de la salud a la enfermedad, y la transformación del salón de belleza en "moridero". De acuerdo con esto, el relato postula una subjetividad nómade, inestable y migrante, que se define en función del devenir antes que del ser. Ahora bien, la irrupción de la enfermedad –denominada genéricamente "el mal"– determina, paradójicamente, la expulsión de los sujetos enfermos de los hospitales públicos, lo cual pone en evidencia las alianzas médico-políticas en las cuales se sostiene la administración de la vida por parte del poder estatal, esto es cuáles sujetos son curables, es decir recuperables para la cadena de producción, y cuáles no ameritan el gasto de la hospitalización (u hospitalidad) en la medida en que, imposibilitados de generar plusvalía para el sistema, constituyen un resto improductivo.

This essay focuses on the challenges as well as the joys of reading postcolonial literary texts that are composed and printed in multiple, alternating languages. What postcolonial texts make manifest through their syntax, vocabulary, and style is the wide array of creative expression that the simultaneous presence of multiple languages makes available to the writer.  A literary analysis able to appreciate this creative potential is in order if we want to go beyond an outdated understanding of literature and its forms.  It is in fact in the act of reading that a lot of the disrespect surrounding postcolonial literature manifests itself. Caribbean literature marks an ideal place to start exploring the possibilities of a postcolonial literary analysis. A region “once deemed the antithesis of civilization” has become one of the most creative laboratories of verbal art, both written and oral, thanks to its radical creolization of the colonial languages. In the second part of my essay, I will present a model of literary analysis that uses as its crucial categories those coming from the traditionally disrespected language of the region: Creole.

In the stories that make up the collection Cuentos del Exilio (1983), the forces of separation that are implied in exile, the need to believe in the possibility of returning to live in another place and time, the pain of distance and the memories of violence suffered during 17 months of detention, produce, in Antonio Di Benedetto, a hybrid writing in which irony, grotesque and metaliterature are intertwined to generate a fiction that reveals a secret thought: On one hand, the possibility through language to subvert the conception of the world and build an anti-system that contradicts the traditional linearity of time; on the other, the ineffectiveness of the same instruments in relation to the existential condition of man.  

The study of hitherto “disrespected literature” makes us look at all language in a new way, revealing the potentialand limitationsof language, creativity and humanity. I argue that sign language literature, or , as it is called in one sign language, as an example of disrespected literature, can reveal new ways of thinking about literature, literary analysis and language, as well as highlighting the relationship between language art and the body of the language artist. I discuss the paradox that academic acceptance ofand respect forthe new literary cultural norms may compromise those norms, as canons are created, conveying institutional status and risking the cultural norms of the community that created it. Disrespected literature brings into focus the relationship between language, the body and identity.The essential corporal nature of sign language can powerfully express Embodied Political Resistance to prevailing disrespect. Thus, when we respect the sign language literature of a deaf culture, we respect the language, the body and the person.