Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: to isolate enterobacteria, especially the thermotolerant, present on the surfaces of knives, trays and cutting boards used in the handling of meat in butchers. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted from April to October 2017 in nine establishments that sell meat products in Cuiabá – Mato Grosso, Brasil. Surface samples were collected from three different utensils: knife, board and tray. Results: Among utensils used on handling poultry meat, the knife got greater growth of enterobacteria (4,36x104 UFC/cm2). The cutting board intended for pork also reported higher 7,44x104 UFC/cm2. For beef, the tray and the board respectively, had scores of 2,5x105 UFC/cm2 and 2,41x105 UFC/cm2. The high growth of enterobacteria is justified by the grooves contained in these tools, poor maintenance and hygiene. It was also observed the presence of 27% of fecal coliforms and 73% of total coliforms. Conclusion: from the data obtained it is inferred that the hygienic and sanitary conditions are not in accordance with the RDC No. 216/2004.

Introduction: The failures related to the professional performance, have a negative impact on the patients and in some cases lead to their death. Complaints are a way for patients and their families to express dissatisfaction with the service received, as well as an opportunity for continuous improvement if they are analyzed, not only from a legal perspective. Objective: To characterize of complaints of medical professional responsibility issued by the Dirección de Medicina Forense in Tegucigalpa. Methodology: A retrospective-descriptive study of 89 complaints for medical professional responsibility of live and dead subjects was conducted during the period 2010 to 2015 by the Dirección de Medicina Forense in Tegucigalpa, considering the factors: From the victims: Age, sex, education. From the complainant: Age, sex, reason for complaint, relation to the victim, place of origin. From the accused: Age, sex, workplace, employment history, medical specialty. Results: Only 5.61% of the complaints corresponded to cases of medical professional responsibility, 20% of those were due to inexcusable lack of knowledge and 80% due to medical care omission. Gyneco-obstretics was the most reported specialty with 30%. Of those accused, 77.6% worked in a Public institution, the conflict in the doctor-patient relationship was the most frequent cause of complaint (40.4%). Conclusions: The characteristics of the allegations studied show that doctors who were close to 50 years old and had more than 15 years of experience, who worked in public centers received the most complaints, gyneco-obstretics, orthopedics and general surgery, were the specialties that received most of complaints; The most common complaints were related to the doctor-patient-family relationship, the disagreement with the diagnostic and the lack of professional ethic were adverse comments directed towards colleagues or the institutions

Background: The study of the polymorphisms of the hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) of the mitochondrial DNA (DNAmt) has become an invaluable tool for forensic science, in some occasions a certain individual can present more than one type of mtDNA, this phenomenon is known as Heteroplasmy, this coexistence of two or more populations of DNAmt can occur in a single mitochondrion, cell or individual, which can increase the complexity in interpreting the results of forensic expertise. Objectives: Analyze the frequency of heteroplasmy in the HVI and HVII regions of the mitochondrial genome of 50 randomly selected DNA samples from the Maracaibo population. Methodology: The hypervariable regions were amplified by PCR, then sequenced using the Sanger method and the fragments were separated by capillary electrophoresis, differences were reported with respect to the Cambridge reference sequence. Results: 26% of the samples presented heteroplasmy in the HVI region, while in the HVII region it was 52%. Conclusions: The appearance of heteroplasmy in a certain sequence does not invalidate the use of mitochondrial DNA analysis for forensic purposes, depending on the complexity of the case to assess heteroplasmy can be of great help.

Justification: There are several occasions in which the forensic doctor requires auxiliary post-mortem biochemistry to obtain information that allows him to determine the cause of death, especially in those whose pathologies do not present morphological changes that indicate which were the physiopathological changes involved in the process of death. It is estimated that its application could contribute to solve up to 10% of the natural deaths that are studied in the forensic routine; however, despite the enormous potential of this discipline, it has not yet been widely applied. Objective: present some applications of postmortem biochemistry, its limitations; as well as providing a brief summary of what was recently published. Methodology: The search was done in pub med and google academic, using the terms, post mortem biochemistry and tanatochemistry. Results: It was found that, despite the fact that postmortem biochemistry is a discipline that dates back to the 40s, few advances have been made due to factors that limit the interpretation of results, among which the lack of values of reference and the scarce knowledge of the dynamics of postmortem change of the metabolites. Conclusions: Despite the enormous applications that, from the theoretical conceptualization, postmortem biochemistry may have, in the practical application it has been limited by several factors, which is why more research is required in this regard.

As Editor of the Journal of Forensic Sciences of Honduras, but above all as a professional in the field of Forensic Genetics, I am honored to publish, the review of a book written by authors of very high professional and human level, who comes to fill a huge void, especially for forensic genetics professionals who speak Spanish. The book “Forensic Genetics. From the Laboratory to the courts ”, summarizes in an interesting way, the path taken by the discipline and the contribution that even some of the authors of the book have made so that it has reached its current location. When reading it, I thought that the evolution of Forensic Genetics figuratively represents the long way back home, to the compensation and reparation that a DNA analysis implies for some victims in certain contexts, especially Latin Americans. The book is available at https://www.amazon.es/GEN%C3%89TICA-FORENSE-CRESPILLO-M%C3%81RQUEZMANUEL/dp/8490522138 Without further delay I give way to the Editors, Manuel C. Crespillo and Pedro A Neighborhood

Implementation of organ transplantation proceedings requires medical and surgical abilities that have been broadly developed in the last century and have settled down during the actual one. However, the countries who see them as an opportunity to prolong life of their inhabitants with severe sicknesses and without other therapeutic options, have to do bioethical considerations that may warrant a respectful view of the duties and rights of the human dignity of all the actors, so a violation of the universal human rights can be avoided and clinical success can be achieved.

The cultivation of cocoa refers to a vast trajectory in the agriculture of Venezuela, from which numerous social actors have promoted various actions of scientific interest, hence, this research sought to approach, understand the social processes generated by the agroecological and sustainable experience in the cultivation of cocoa in the hamlet of El Tesoro in Barinas state, valuing the dynamics among the producers as expressions of collective agency and as a coadjutant element in the preservation of the productivity and sustainability of the area. Included in the theoretical line of this research are statements by Hernández and Escala (2011), Altieri and Nicholls, (2012) and discussions outlined in the Human Development Report of 1996 of United Nations Development Programme. This is a qualitative research, with the techniques of ethnographic interviews, in­depth interviews and observations. The process of interpretation and analysis of the information was developed under a system of categorization that allowed the construction of comprehensive conclusions of the social reality studied. Among the findings, there are, the promotion of agency processes through the cocoa activity, characterized by the creation of spaces for improvement of the social, economic and environmental area of the parties involved. Cocoa emerges as a tool for social transformation that generates opportunities for the achievement of individual and collective well­being, making it a resource highly valued by producers in the area.

The idea of change within the Latin American university took the form of development after the second post­war period. Before that, the colonial university, the republican university and the changes generated after the events of Cordoba, had defined the characteristics of the academic nature of what in general we can consider the university of Latin America. But, having begun the modernization processes in the continent, the central purpose of the higher institution changed, from that moment was to build, based on science, development. Accurate, but more inaccurate, have defined Venezuelan university education, to the point that for the 21st century we find ourselves outside the canons of regional competition. However, the potentialities still make it possible to visualize possible changes. The world discusses human development as an approach to building processes conducive to justice. Today, these ideas provide us with ethical tools to rethink the university. This paper is oriented in that way. Its purpose is to review the antecedents that shaped the university orientation of the country since the spanish colony, until the 21st century and then left a description of the Venezuelan university panorama, define dimensions that reformulate a concept of academic quality seen from the Human Development approach.

The present investigation is a contribution of the Oficina de la Cronista Municipal del Municipio Palavecino, Lara state, to the understanding of the historical process of consolidation of this locality since its original conformation of colonial "sitio" to the current city of Cabudare, capital of the municipality. It addresses its political, territorial and administrative changes, since it began as a "sitio", and its transformation process into an ecclesiastical parish, civil parish, “cantón”, department, district, municipality, and even, at certain times, capital of estado Lara, Venezuela. It also reviews the creation of the parishes that currently make up the municipio Palavecino, and its dismemberment for the creation of the municipio Simon Planas. This history is reconstructed, taking into account geographical, economic, social, political and demographic aspects, for an integral understanding, as a synthesis history. A hermeneutics of bibliographic, hemerography and documentary sources was carried out.